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Articles 631 - 660 of 725
Full-Text Articles in Materials Science and Engineering
Impact Of Chain Architecture On The Thickness Dependence Of Physical Aging Rate Of Thin Polystyrene Films, Gregory Brown, Elizabeth Lewis, Bryan D. Vogt
Impact Of Chain Architecture On The Thickness Dependence Of Physical Aging Rate Of Thin Polystyrene Films, Gregory Brown, Elizabeth Lewis, Bryan D. Vogt
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
The dynamics of polymer thin films have been demonstrated to be significantly altered from the bulk, but the origins of such differences are not well defined. In this work, we seek to understand the differences in the structural dynamics (or physical aging) of polystyrene (PS) through branching and other well defined architectures (comb and centipede). The aging dynamics of ultrathin films (< 30 nm) differ from relatively thick films (100-150nm) with linear PS thin films aging more rapidly than the relatively “bulk-like” thick films. Ellipsometric measurements are used to characterize the physical aging rate of the films. The change in film thickness and refractive index as the films are held below the glass transition temperature (Tg) provides a simple measure of the physical aging. In this study, four different architectures (linear, comb, 4 arm star, and centipede) will be investigated. For each PS architecture, the aging rate will be determined for film …
Advanced Electrodes And Electrolytes For Long-Lived And High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, Deepesh Gopalakrishnan
Advanced Electrodes And Electrolytes For Long-Lived And High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, Deepesh Gopalakrishnan
Wayne State University Dissertations
ABSTRACT
ADVANCED ELECTRODES AND ELECTROLYTES FOR LONG-LIVED AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
by
DEEPESH GOPALAKRISHNAN
August 2020
Advisor: Dr. Leela Mohana Reddy Arava
Major: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
Lithium – Sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received much attention and considered as a promising candidate for next generation energy storage devices because of their high theoretical energy density (≈2600 Wh kg‒1) and environmental friendliness. However, the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites in the lithium metal anode and the fatal effect of polysulfide shuttle hinder their practical applications. The formation of dendrites during repeated Li plating/stripping processes results in: reduced Li availability …
Study Of Grain Growth In Single-Phase Polycrystals, Pawan Vedanti
Study Of Grain Growth In Single-Phase Polycrystals, Pawan Vedanti
Wayne State University Dissertations
Materials with random microstructure are characterized by additional thermodynamic parameters, entropy and temperature of microstructure. It has been argued that there is one more law of thermodynamics: entropy of microstructure decays in isolated systems. This assertion has been checked experimentally for the process of grain growth which showed that entropy of grain structure decays indeed as expected. The equation of state for microstructure entropy has also been studied. In general, entropy of grain microstructure is expected to be a function of grain structure energy and the average grain size. Our experiments suggest that in fact, the equation of state degenerates …
Experimental Study On The Characteristics Of Formation And Dissociation Of Co2 Hydrates In Porous Media, Amin Hosseini Zadeh, Ijung Kim, Seunghee Kim
Experimental Study On The Characteristics Of Formation And Dissociation Of Co2 Hydrates In Porous Media, Amin Hosseini Zadeh, Ijung Kim, Seunghee Kim
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications
Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) has pursued as a feasible strategy to store the large amount of CO2 to curb its emission to the atmosphere in an effort to mitigate the greenhouse effects. CO2 hydrate, which can form when the pressure and temperature satisfy its stability condition, can provide a self-trapping mechanism for an offshore CO2 geologic storage. For example, direct sequestration of CO2 in the form of hydrate cystals an be achieved in the storage zone an potentially provide a secondary caprock. These application, however, require a thorough understanding of the formation and dissociation of CO …
Atomic Layer Deposition Of Oxide Materials For Passivated Carrier Selective Contact Solar Cells, Geoffrey Gregory
Atomic Layer Deposition Of Oxide Materials For Passivated Carrier Selective Contact Solar Cells, Geoffrey Gregory
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Silicon-based devices have dominated the industrial solar cell marketplace for several decades, thanks to the low bulk defect concentration and technological relevance of silicon substrates. This has led to an oversupply of dopant-diffused homojunction technologies, which suffer from significant performance losses at the metal-silicon contact interface. In response, the research community has developed carrier-selective heterojunction contacts, which separate the metal from the silicon absorber with heavily-doped silicon layers. These novel contacts provide the same asymmetrical conductivity as the diffused junction in the previous generations of silicon solar cells, but with less processing complexity and greater device performance. Still, the silicon …
Parametric Investigation And Optimization For Inconel 718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Thinh Huynh
Parametric Investigation And Optimization For Inconel 718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Thinh Huynh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Excellent weldability and high temperature stability make Inconel 718 (IN718) one of the most desired alloys to be produced by additive manufacturing (AM). Within the flourishing field of AM technology, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a popular prospective candidate capable of fabricating complex and near net-shape engineering components that traditional manufacturing methods cannot accomplish. In this study, the effects of processing parameters on the relative density and microstructure was investigated. Gas atomized IN718 powders were used to fabricate cuboidal specimens via LPBF for metallographic characterization. The specimens were printed with independently varied laser power (125 - 350 W), laser …
Designing Metal Nanocatalysts And Tuning Their Microenvironment For Gas-Involving Electrocatalysis, Lin Hu
Designing Metal Nanocatalysts And Tuning Their Microenvironment For Gas-Involving Electrocatalysis, Lin Hu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
In the development of renewable energy technologies, electrocatalysis plays a central role in energy conversion processes, such as fuel cells and electrochemical fuel synthesis. Development of such technologies relies on the rational design of electrocatalysts as well as understanding their interaction with the working environment. Here we focus on gas-involving electrocatalytic reactions, particularly nitrogen electroreduction to ammonia and formic acid electrooxidation to carbon dioxide. First, to understand the structure-activity relationships for nitrogen electroreduction on Ru, we prepared a series of size-controlled Ru nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition. Both catalytic activity and selectivity for ammonia production on Ru catalysts strongly depend …
Mechanical Behavior Assessment Of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Produced By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Asif Mahmud
Mechanical Behavior Assessment Of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Produced By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Asif Mahmud
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The present work correlates quasi-static, tensile mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 23) alloy to the phase constituents, microstructure and fracture surface characteristics that changed with post-heat treatment of stress relief (670 °C for 5h) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP with 100MPa at 920 °C for 2h). Ti-6Al-4V alloy tensile specimens in both the horizontal (i.e., X and Y) and vertical (Z) directions were produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. Mechanical properties were determined using quasi-static, tensile testing for both the as-stress-relieved (ASR) and HIP specimens. For the ASR and HIP samples built in X, Y and …
Additive Manufacturing Of Copper-Based Alloy By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Binghao Lu
Additive Manufacturing Of Copper-Based Alloy By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Binghao Lu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Copper (Cu) and Cu-alloy are good candidates for the engineered components that require good thermal and electrical conductivity. Since industry often needs sophisticated components that cannot be made easily by traditional methods, such as casting, forging and machining, research for additive manufacturing of copper-based alloy is on demand. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the optimization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Cu-10 wt.% Sn alloy and pure Cu based on their characteristics such as relative density/porosity, surface roughness, phase constitutes, melt pool dimension, and dendrite arm spacings dimension, determined by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope. LPBF, …
Tunable Refractive Index Through Spatially Modified Nanoparticle Films For Long-Range Spr Biosensing Applications, Stephen Joshua Binderup
Tunable Refractive Index Through Spatially Modified Nanoparticle Films For Long-Range Spr Biosensing Applications, Stephen Joshua Binderup
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Despite optics and refraction being among the oldest scientific principles, material limitations have prevented scientists from taking full advantage of the potential this technology holds. Indeed, films with designer optical properties have potential for use in exotic cloaking architectures, advanced waveguides, and precise optical biosensors. This thesis focuses on the fabrication methodology for making thin films with refractive index tuned to a desired value through self-assembly of amorphous nanoparticle films made of organosilicate materials. The inclusion of a slowly evaporating polymer phase along with the organosilicate nanoparticles results in nanopores formed within the film, which effectively reduce the film’s refractive …
A Foundational Approach To Extrusion And Compounding, David Frankart
A Foundational Approach To Extrusion And Compounding, David Frankart
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
With a history of nearly 200 years, polymer processing and compounding is constantly changing to fit the material science needs of the era. Exposure of undergraduate students to the technology and practices used in industry today in a lab setting would create new opportunities for experiential learning and growth. The objective was to set up a 0.75”, 25 L/D Thermo Haake single screw extruder for lab use and run trials of material in a single screw extruder to set up a basis for experiments. Trials were run of co-polyester resin through a single screw extruder with carbon fiber additives varying …
Galvanic Corrosion In Aluminum/Steel Joints, Maegan Saul
Galvanic Corrosion In Aluminum/Steel Joints, Maegan Saul
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
As car manufacturers seek to use lighter weight materials, aluminum is being more commonly used in the construction of vehicles. However, the strength of steel cannot be matched and both metals are necessary, leading to the joining of dissimilar metals. This connection of different metals leads to a galvanic coupling and subsequent corrosion of the less noble metal. This project aims to observe the corrosion and galvanic coupling behavior of aluminum alloys and carbon steel so that a model may be produced which can accurately predict the expected responses of the metals in various environments. Better, more accurate modeling of …
Solvent-Free Coating Using Maco Bio-Based Reactive Diluent, Ryder James
Solvent-Free Coating Using Maco Bio-Based Reactive Diluent, Ryder James
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
The project performed utilizes methacrylated cardanol (MACO) and a linseed oil resin to test how different weight percentages of MACO affect coating performance. MACO is synthesized from a phenolic lipid extracted from cashew nut shells, which are a cashew industry waste product. Not only does it utilize a waste product, but being a bio-based reactive diluent means it can replace the use of volatile organic solvents that are harmful to both humans and the environment. Weight percentage samples of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were used. Coatings were applied using a 6-mil drawn down bar, with samples being prepared …
Tabletop Mechanical Tester, Jamie Dombroski, Brian English, Richard Leffler, Andrew Shirk
Tabletop Mechanical Tester, Jamie Dombroski, Brian English, Richard Leffler, Andrew Shirk
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
The need for hands-on and face-to-face experiences in the engineering classroom is very great. The equations, principles, and concepts can all be learned, but without the visual and tactile application, these don’t always sink in or become concrete. A small-scale tensile test machine was designed, sourced, manufactured, and tested for the purpose of being applied in classroom settings to provide this experience to engineering students. Extensive research was performed concerning tensile machines on the market, the essential elements of which are the load cell, grips, crosshead, extensometer, motor, and frame. The raw materials for the frame were purchased and drawings …
Multiphysics Phase Field Modeling Of Electromigration, Zachary Morgan
Multiphysics Phase Field Modeling Of Electromigration, Zachary Morgan
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
With the miniaturization of microelectronic devices, the reliability of solder interconnects is a significant concern. As size is reduced, the current density flowing through an interconnect becomes larger and exacerbates electromigration leading to microstructural changes and failure. Since most solder alloys are required to be lead-free over toxicity concerns, there are additional challenges to interconnect performance. Nearly all solder alloys are comprised with its majority component being tin due to its low melting temperature and economical cost. The typical metallic white tin phase has a body-centered tetragonal crystal structure which exhibits strong anisotropy in its physical properties. In particular, the …
Magnetic Refrigerator Device Based On La (Fexcoysi1-X-Y)13, Khushar Javed
Magnetic Refrigerator Device Based On La (Fexcoysi1-X-Y)13, Khushar Javed
Theses and Dissertations
Particles of Lanthanum-iron-silicide, La (FexCoySi1-x-y)13exhibit different magnetic properties when stored in air compared to the same stored in water. The sample with a nominal composition of La(Fe0.842Co0.073Si0.084)13was prepared by arc-melting from elements under argon atmosphere. In recent years, there has been research conducted on different processes that could drastically reduce energy costs of cooling and replacing gas compressors with magnetocaloric materials. Magnetization measurements were carried out on this magnetocaloric material to characterize it in order to design magnetic refrigerator device based on it. The …
Designing Composites For Graceful Failure, Amany G. Micheal Prof., Yehia Ahmed Bahei El Din Prof.
Designing Composites For Graceful Failure, Amany G. Micheal Prof., Yehia Ahmed Bahei El Din Prof.
Architectural Engineering
When inevitable, failure in composite laminates is preferred to occur gracefully to avoid loss of property and possibly life. While the inherent inhomogeneity leads to slow dissipation of damage-related energy, overall failure is fiber-dominated and occurs in a rather brittle manner. Multidirectional plies usually give a more ductile response. Additionally, stiffness and strength as well as cost are important factors to consider in designing composite laminates. It is hence desirable to optimize for high mechanical properties and low cost while keeping graceful failure. Designing composite laminates with hybrid systems and layups, which permit gradual damage energy dissipation, are two ways …
Time-Of-Flight Depth-Resolved Imaging With Heralded Photon Source Illumination, Ximing Ren
Time-Of-Flight Depth-Resolved Imaging With Heralded Photon Source Illumination, Ximing Ren
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
We demonstrate 3D time-of-flight imaging from a scattering target illuminated with a heralded single photon source. Our image reconstruction algorithm achieves millimeter depth resolution with only 0.3 average detected photons per image pixel.
Perspective On Coarse-Graining, Cognitive Load, And Materials Simulation, Eric Jankowski, Nealee Ellyson, Jenny W. Fothergill, Michael M. Henry, Mitchell H. Leibowitz, Evan D. Miller, Mone't Alberts, Jamie D. Guevara, Chris D. Jones, Mia Klopfenstein, Kendra K. Noneman, Rachel Singleton, Matthew L. Jones
Perspective On Coarse-Graining, Cognitive Load, And Materials Simulation, Eric Jankowski, Nealee Ellyson, Jenny W. Fothergill, Michael M. Henry, Mitchell H. Leibowitz, Evan D. Miller, Mone't Alberts, Jamie D. Guevara, Chris D. Jones, Mia Klopfenstein, Kendra K. Noneman, Rachel Singleton, Matthew L. Jones
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
The predictive capabilities of computational materials science today derive from overlapping advances in simulation tools, modeling techniques, and best practices. We outline this ecosystem of molecular simulations by explaining how important contributions in each of these areas have fed into each other. The combined output of these tools, techniques, and practices is the ability for researchers to advance understanding by efficiently combining simple models with powerful software. As specific examples, we show how the prediction of organic photovoltaic morphologies have improved by orders of magnitude over the last decade, and how the processing of reacting epoxy thermosets can now be …
Determination Of Zirconium Oxide Chemistry Through Complementary Characterization Techniques, Corey M. Efaw, Reynolds Michael, Jordan L. Vandegrift, Kassiopeia Smith, Yaqiao Wu, Brian J. Jaques, Hongqiang Hu, Claire Xiong, Michael F. Hurley
Determination Of Zirconium Oxide Chemistry Through Complementary Characterization Techniques, Corey M. Efaw, Reynolds Michael, Jordan L. Vandegrift, Kassiopeia Smith, Yaqiao Wu, Brian J. Jaques, Hongqiang Hu, Claire Xiong, Michael F. Hurley
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Nuclear energy has been increasingly recognized as an effective and low carbon-emission energy source. Nuclear reactors are susceptible to adverse effects, which can lead to potentially severe consequences, though they are low in probability. To ensure safety and improved monitoring of reactors, there have been increasing interests in developing sensors to monitor key parameters relating to the status within a reactor. In order to improve sensor accuracy, high-resolution characterization of cladding materials can be utilized to correlate with sensor output. A common issue with zirconium cladding is the so-called "breakaway phenomenon", a critical factor seen as the transition from an …
ผลของชั้นเคลือบ Tin ที่เตรียมจากวิธีการเคลือบไอทางกายภาพแบบ Dcms และ Hipims ต่อความต้านทานการกัดกร่อนของ Ti-6al-4v ที่ขึ้นรูปด้วยวิธีการพิมพ์สามมิติ, สุรดา นิสัยมั่น
ผลของชั้นเคลือบ Tin ที่เตรียมจากวิธีการเคลือบไอทางกายภาพแบบ Dcms และ Hipims ต่อความต้านทานการกัดกร่อนของ Ti-6al-4v ที่ขึ้นรูปด้วยวิธีการพิมพ์สามมิติ, สุรดา นิสัยมั่น
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
ไทเทเนียมผสม Ti-6Al-4V เป็นวัสดุทางชีวภาพที่นิยมใช้งานทางการแพทย์ที่ขึ้นรูปโดยการพิมพ์สามมิติถูกเคลือบฟิล์มบาง TiN ด้วยเทคนิค DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS) และ High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS หรือ HPPMS) ซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งในเทคนิคการเคลือบไอทางกายภาพ (PVD) โดยเวลาในกระบวนการเคลือบผิวแตกต่างกันคือ 5, 10 และ 25 นาที เทคนิค HiPIMS เป็นเทคนิคการเคลือบผิวที่ได้รับการพัฒนามาจากเทคนิค DCMS แต่เนื่องจาก HiPIMS เกิดการไอออนไนเซชันจากพัลส์พลังงานสูง ความหนาแน่นพลังงานสูงที่ส่งไปยังวัสดุเป้าหมายนั้นอยู่ในระดับ kW/cm2 ในขณะที่เทคนิค DCMS มีความหนาแน่นพลังงานในระดับ W/cm2 สมบัติทางกายภาพและสมบัติทางกลของชั้นเคลือบ TiN ถูกตรวจสอบด้วยกล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบสแกนภาคสนาม (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractrometer (XRD), กล้องจุลทรรศน์แรงอะตอม (AFM) และทดสอบสมบัติการยึดติด (Scratch test) พฤติกรรมการกัดกร่อนตรวจสอบด้วย electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization และ Accelerated cyclic electrochemical technique (ACET) ทดสอบภายใต้สารละลายโซเดียมคลอไรด์ ความเข้มข้น 1 โมลาร์ การเคลือบผิวด้วยเทคนิค HiPIMS นำไปสู้โครงสร้างชั้นเคลือบลักษณะอิควิแอกซ์ที่หนาแน่นมากกว่าโครงสร้างคอลัมนาร์จากเทคนิค DCMS และเทคนิค HiPIMS ยังนำไปสู่การเพิ่มสมบัติทางกลและสมบัติความต้านทานการกัดกร่อนที่ดียิ่งขึ้น นอกจากนี้เวลาที่ใช้ในกระบวนการเคลือบที่นานมากขึ้น นำไปสู่ความต้านทานการกัดกร่อนที่มีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น
ผลของซิลิกาจากเถ้าแกลบต่อสมบัติทางกลของมอร์ต้าเมื่อสัมผัสอุณหภูมิสูง, กันตพงศ์ บุญทวี
ผลของซิลิกาจากเถ้าแกลบต่อสมบัติทางกลของมอร์ต้าเมื่อสัมผัสอุณหภูมิสูง, กันตพงศ์ บุญทวี
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
งานวิจัยนี้เป็นการนำเถ้าแกลบ ซึ่งเป็นผลพลอยได้จากการนำแกลบข้าวเผาเป็นเชื้อเพลิงในโรงสีข้าว โดยนำมาประยุกต์ใช้ในการเป็นวัตถุดิบสำหรับทดแทนการใช้ปูนซีเมนต์ เพื่อผลิตเป็น มอร์ต้า สำหรับทดสอบความสามารถในการรับแรงอัดเมื่อได้ความร้อนที่อุณหภูมิสูง ซึ่งงานวิจัยนี้แบ่งออกเป็น สอง ส่วน ส่วนที่หนึ่ง เป็นการศึกษาคุณลักษณะและเตรียมเถ้าแกลบที่ได้จากโรงสีข้าวสำหรับในการนำไปผสมปูนซีเมนต์ โดยจะตรวจสอบสารปะกอบทางเคมีของเถ้าแกลบ ด้วย เครื่องวิเคาะห์การเลี้ยวเบนของรังสีเอกซ์ (XRF) ผลที่ได้เถ้าแกลบมีปริมาณ ซิลิกาสูงถึง 93.5 เปอร์เซ็นต์ของน้ำหนัก ซึ่งจะเตรียมเถ้าแกลบผ่านตระแกรงร่อนทั้งหมด 3 เบอร์ โดยจะผสมกับปูนซีเมนต์ที่ปริมาณ 5% 10% และ 15% ของน้ำหนักปูนซีเมนต์ ส่วนที่สอง เป็นการศึกษาสมบัติทางกลและคุณลักษณะของปูนซีเมนต์ผสมเถ้าแกลบก่อนและหลังผ่านอุณหภูมิสูง ที่อายุบ่ม 28 วัน ด้วย กล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบส่องกวาด (SEM) และเครื่องวิเคาะห์การเลี้ยวเบนของรังสีเอกซ์ (XRD) โดยจะให้ความร้อนชิ้นงาน ที่ 400๐C และ 800๐C เป็นเวลา 1 ชั่วโมง และ ตรวจสอบกำลังอัด กับคุณลักษณะของมอร์ต้า ผลที่ได้มอร์ต้าผสมเถ้าแกลบกำลังอัดมีค่ามากกว่ามอร์ต้าแบบไม่ผสมเถ้าแกลบ ที่อุณหภูมิ 400๐C แต่ที่อุณหภูมิ 800๐C จะมีกำลังอัดใกล้เคียงกัน แต่กำลังอัดโดยรวมที่สูญเสียไปจากการได้รับความร้อน มอร์ต้าที่ผสมเถ้าแกลบมีการสูญเสียกำลังอัดน้อยกว่ามอร์ต้าแบบไม่ผสมเถ้าแกลบ และ จากผลการทดสอบกำลังอัดของมอร์ต้าผสมเถ้าแกลบที่อายุบ่ม 200 วัน พบว่ามีกำลังอัดเพิ่มขึ้นจากการบ่ม 28 วัน ส่วนแนวโน้มของความสามารถในการทนความร้อนเป็นลักษณะเดียวกันกับมอร์ต้าที่บ่ม 28 วัน
Macro - And Microstructure Evaluation And Field Applications Of Concrete With Recycled Glass Pozzolan, Marija Krstic
Macro - And Microstructure Evaluation And Field Applications Of Concrete With Recycled Glass Pozzolan, Marija Krstic
Dissertations and Theses
Concrete is the most used material in the world, second only to water. Conventional concrete is produced with Portland cement (PC). The production of cement is an energy intensive operation that has raised significant environmental concerns, since one ton of cement generates an equal ton of CO2. In the USA about 90 million tons of cement are used annually, with 3 million tons used in New York. Most contemporary concrete applications for buildings and infrastructure use high-performance concrete (HPC) mixtures which are produced by replacing a percentage of cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), consisting mainly of fly-ash …
Redox-Active Porous Organic Materials For Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications, K. Shamara Weeraratne
Redox-Active Porous Organic Materials For Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications, K. Shamara Weeraratne
Theses and Dissertations
As the demand for renewable energy technologies grows, so does the need for cheaper, more efficient rechargeable batteries to store the energy. While lithium-ion battery (LIBs) technology is well established, it suffers from limited lithium supplies. Furthermore, the highly toxic transition metals used in the electrodes places a huge burden on the environment. Therefore, replacing lithium with more economical sodium metal in rechargeable batteries (i.e. sodium-ion batteries, SIBs) has garnered considerable attention. Despite the fact that sodium and lithium share similar electrochemical properties, which may cause the transition from lithium to sodium easier, the larger ionic radius of Na+ …
Generation Of Warm Dense Plasma On Solar Panel Infrastructure In Exo-Atmospheric Conditions, Harrison C. Wenzel
Generation Of Warm Dense Plasma On Solar Panel Infrastructure In Exo-Atmospheric Conditions, Harrison C. Wenzel
Theses and Dissertations
The use of a weaponized thermo-nuclear device in exo-atmospheric conditions would be of great impact on the material integrity of orbiting satellite infrastructure. Particular damage would occur to the multi-layered, solar cell components of such satellites. The rapid absorption of X-ray radiation originating from a nuclear blast into these layers occurs over a picosecond time scale and leads to the generation of Warm Dense Plasma (WDP). While incredibly difficult and costly to replicate in a laboratory setting, a collection of computational techniques and software libraries may be utilized to simulate the intricate atomic and subatomic physics characteristics of such an …
Structure, Morphology And Composition-Property Elucidation Of Ni–Mo And Ni−Mo−P Nanocrystals For Water Splitting Reactions And Group Iv Alloy And Silicate Nanocrystals For Visible To Near Ir Optoelectronics, Ebtesam Hassan Abuelenein Eladgham
Structure, Morphology And Composition-Property Elucidation Of Ni–Mo And Ni−Mo−P Nanocrystals For Water Splitting Reactions And Group Iv Alloy And Silicate Nanocrystals For Visible To Near Ir Optoelectronics, Ebtesam Hassan Abuelenein Eladgham
Theses and Dissertations
Abstract
Structure, Morphology and Composition-Property Elucidation of Ni–Mo and Ni−Mo−P Nanocrystals for Water Splitting Reactions and Group IV Alloy and Silicate Nanocrystals for Visible to Near IR Optoelectronics
by
Ebtesam Hassan Abuelenein Eladgham
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Advisor: Indika U Arachchige
Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry
Nanomaterials have gained a great attention because of their unique physical properties with size intermediate between molecular materials and extended solids. They have a large surface to volume ratio and display size tunable physical properties that was not …
Mo6s8-Based Single-Metal-Atom Catalysts For Methanol Synthesis From Steam Reforming Of Methane, H. T. Zhang Zhang
Mo6s8-Based Single-Metal-Atom Catalysts For Methanol Synthesis From Steam Reforming Of Methane, H. T. Zhang Zhang
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
The surge of methane as the major component of natural gas and a dominant greenhouse gas calls for the development of efficient strategy to convert it into valuable liquid chemicals such as methanol. However, the current industrial method for methanol synthesis, which consists of the stream reforming of methane (SRM) to syngas and the followed reaction of syngas to methanol, is rather energy-intensive. Direct conversion of methane into methanol (DMTM) is highly desirable in terms of energy efficiency and economy. DMTM with water as oxidant, i.e. SRM to methanol, is a promising solution but the development highly efficient and selective …
A Hybrid Electronic Nose System Based On Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors And Compact Paper-Pased Colorimteric Sensors For Volatile Organic Compounds Classification, Aung Khant Maw
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Commercial metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors usually employed in electronic noses (e-noses) are well known for being low-cost, portability, and ease of use. However, these sensors can only identify a limited number of odors due to insufficient selectivity. Recent studies improved the selectivity by jointly integrating the MOS sensors with additional sensor sources. However, the published hybrid systems involved complex fabrication and measurement procedures. On the contrary, this work utilizes paper-based colorimetric sensors which are simpler and easier to use. This proposed hybrid system consists of 8 commercial metal oxide sensors and a paper-based colorimetric sensor coated with phenol red, …
Effects Of Thiosulfate In Artificial Seawater On Corrosion Behaviour Of 25cr-3ni-7mn-0.66n New Duplex Stainless Steel, Songkran Vongsilathai
Effects Of Thiosulfate In Artificial Seawater On Corrosion Behaviour Of 25cr-3ni-7mn-0.66n New Duplex Stainless Steel, Songkran Vongsilathai
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
In this research, the 25Cr-3Ni-7Mn-0.66N new duplex stainless steel (DSS) was fabricated by the vacuum arc re-melting (VAR) process, then deformed by hot-forging process, and subsequently heat-treated at 1250°C for 1 hr + water quenched + 1050°C for 1.5 hr + water quenched., based on the calculation of the phase diagram by Thermo-Calc software. The material characterisations and chemical compositions were examined by various methods. The corrosion behaviours of the new duplex in artificial seawater (ASW) after ASTM D1141 and in artificial seawater mixing with thiosulfate was studied at 25°C and compared with that of the 2205 standard DSS by …
การยับยั้งการก่อตัวของเดนไดรต์ของขั้วสังกะสีแอโนดโดยการเติมกราฟีนออกไซด์ในอิเล็กโทรไลต์สำหรับแบตเตอร์รี่ที่ชาร์จไฟได้ชนิดซิงค์ไอออน, จัฟนี อับดุลลา
การยับยั้งการก่อตัวของเดนไดรต์ของขั้วสังกะสีแอโนดโดยการเติมกราฟีนออกไซด์ในอิเล็กโทรไลต์สำหรับแบตเตอร์รี่ที่ชาร์จไฟได้ชนิดซิงค์ไอออน, จัฟนี อับดุลลา
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
แบตเตอรี่ซิงค์-ไอออนแบบชาร์จไฟได้ (ZIBs) กำลังได้รับความสนใจมากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ เนื่องจากสังกะสีเป็นธาตุที่อุดมสมบูรณ์มาก ซึ่งกระจายไปทั่วโลกและมีราคาถูกกว่าธาตุอื่นๆ ที่ใช้เป็นอิเล็กโทรดในแบตเตอรี่ ทำให้ ZIB มีต้นทุนต่ำและเป็นมิตรกับสิ่งแวดล้อม ปัญหาประการหนึ่งคือการก่อตัวของเดนไดรต์สังกะสี (Zinc dendrites) บนแอโนดของสังกะสีในระหว่างกระบวนการประจุ/การคายประจุ (Charge/discharge process) ด้วยเหตุนี้ ประสิทธิภาพของแบตเตอรี่จึงลดลง นำไปสู่ปัญหาด้านความปลอดภัยที่ร้ายแรงเนื่องจากเกิดไฟฟ้าลัดวงจร วิทยานิพนธ์นี้อธิบายการเพิ่มอนุภาคกราฟีนออกไซด์ที่เป็นของแข็ง (GO) ลงในอิเล็กโทรไลต์ใน ZIB ทำหน้าที่เป็นสารเติมแต่งของแข็ง (Solid additive) เพื่อเพิ่มอายุการใช้งานอันเป็นผลมาจากการยับยั้งการโตของเดนไดรต์สังกะสีบนพื้นผิวแอโนดสังกะสี เมื่อทดสอบโปรไฟล์แรงดันไฟฟ้า (Voltage profiles) พบว่าความต่างศักย์เกิน (Overpotential) ของแบตเตอรี่ที่ไม่มีสารเติมแต่งของแข็ง GO นั้นสูงกว่าแบตเตอรี่ที่มีสารเติมแต่งของแข็ง GO และแบตเตอรี่ที่มีสารเติมแต่งของแข็ง GO ให้อายุการใช้งานที่เพิ่มขึ้นห้าเท่าภายใต้ความหนาแน่นกระแส 1 mA cm- 2 หลังจากการใช้งานสามารถพบเดนไดรต์สังกะสีในแบตเตอรี่ที่ไม่มีสารเติมแต่ง GO เนื่องจากสนามไฟฟ้าในพื้นที่บนผิวแอโนดสังกะสี GO สามารถปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพของแบตเตอรี่คูลอมบิก (99.16%) ได้อย่างน่าทึ่ง ผ่านการทำให้ลักษณะการชุบ/ปอกสังกะสีมีเสถียรภาพ (Zn plating/stripping process) และส่งเสริมในการเกิดนิวเคลียสของ Zn2+ ดังนั้น แบตเตอรี่ที่มี GO แสดงการเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพที่โดดเด่นในด้านอัตราและความสามารถในการใช้งานเมื่อเทียบกับอิเล็กโทรไลต์ที่ปราศจากสารเติมแต่ง GO อิเล็กโทรไลต์ไฮบริดที่มีอนุภาคของแข็งจึงเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของการออกแบบแบตเตอรี่ซิงค์ไอออนขั้นสูงต่อไปในอนาคต