Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Distributed Manufacturing Of Open Source Medical Hardware For Pandemics, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Distributed digital manufacturing offers a solution to medical supply and technology shortages during pandemics. To prepare for the next pandemic, this study reviews the state-of-the-art of open hardware designs needed in a COVID-19-like pandemic. It evaluates the readiness of the top twenty technologies requested by the Government of India. The results show that the majority of the actual medical products have some open source development, however, only 15% of the supporting technologies required to produce them are freely available. The results show there is still considerable research needed to provide open source paths for the development of all the medical …

Design For Additive Manufacturing, Michael Charonnat, Leonardo Franco-Muñoz, Sam Noble, J.P. Purdom

Mechanical Engineering

This document outlines the critical design details and timeline for the Design for Additive Manufacturing Senior Project sponsored by Solar Turbines, Inc. The scope of this project encompasses the redesign of two of Solar Turbine’s cast parts for metal additive manufacturing in order to minimize lead time, cost, and weight. With the overall objective of performing in-depth analysis exploring affordability & feasibility, this redesign process will aid Solar Turbines in expanding their knowledge of Design for Additive Manufacturing principles and enable them to further incorporate the use of additive manufacturing into their production processes. The first part that the team …

Xas Analysis Of Copper Binding In Soils, Wapakorn Siriwong, Penphitcha Amonpattaratkit, Wantana Klysubun

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Ecological distribution of copper from soil is depended on its bioavailability and mobility. Copper binding on heterogeneous soil composition is a key information for understanding the long-term fate benefiting suitable management practice for copper in the environment. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques were used to provide microscopic scale information of copper-binding on different soils. Soil samples containing 14.9-56.6% clay and 0.5-3.4% organic matter were studied. Dry-powder soil samples containing approximated 0.3% copper from batch equilibrated equilibrium experiments were analyzed. Copper K-edge spectrum were collected at the Synchrotron light research institute (SLRI), Thailand in X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and …

Preparation Of Alginate/2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Composite Beads: Role Of Fillers And Characteristics Of Bead Formation, Somkiet Urusetthanon, Somchai Udon, Boonsri Kusuktham

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In this research, alginate composite beads were prepared. The objective was to study the effect of particle size of fillers on the viscosity of alginate solution and bead formation. The sodium alginate solution with and without 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was dropped into calcium chloride to form the beads. The polymerization of the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in the alginate matrix was occurred by using potassium persulphate as an initiator and N,N/-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and N,N,N/,N/ -tetramethylethylenediamine in the calcium chloride solution as an accelerator. For the preparation of the composite beads, the cotton dust, and sawdust at various ratios were mixed …

Effect Of Polystyrene Molecular Weight And Zinc Oxide Concentration On Dewetting Behavior Of Polymeric Thin Films, Kattaleeya Sujaroon, Phanawan Whangdee, Nampueng Pangpaiboon

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The separation between ultra-thin polymer film on metal oxide substrate is called dewetting. Dewetting causes the polymer films to loss their stability and other important properties, for example, the films may short circuit or reduce their transparency. Therefore, the stability of polymer thin films on substrate need to be improved. Addition of nanoparticles is one of the most popular technique used to increase the stability of polymer thin films. The correlation between the different of molecular weight and ZnO concentration on dewetting behavior was studied in this research. The appropriate concentration of ZnO on dewetting suppression in each molecular weight …

Effects Of Sodium Silicate As Liquid Phase Sintering Additives On Properties Of Alumina Ceramics, Kanyapak Siriphaisarntavee, Charusporn Mongkolkachit, Mateekul Jiarawattananon, Karn Serivalsatit, Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This research focused on the production of high-performance alumina products. The feasibility of using soluble alkali silicate in liquid phase sintering of alumina was studied. Liquid soluble alkali silicate was used to enhance the plastic forming of alumina and formed liquid phase sintering to attain fired alumina products with high strength, high alumina content and low water absorption. The methodology consisted of the mixing of organic binder with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), used as liquid phase sintering additive, of 0-15 wt%. Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), used as the grain growth inhibitor, of 0-1 wt% were added and followed by alumina powders. The …

Analysis Of Burning Wood In The Transient State And The Application To Structural Design, Roberta Veliz, Kimberly Guzman

Architectural Engineering

Determining the extent of the contribution of exposed timber on compartment fire dynamics in open floor plans is a complex process. Designers traditionally used compartmentalization design methods which create spaces where flashover is likely, given the fuel load and ventilation conditions. However, due to the large geometric dimensions and spread of fuel, fires in open floor plans are more likely to remain as localized or traveling fires. As such, an understanding of not only ignition potential but also flame spread is critical to characterizing the contribution of exposed timber. An integral step in characterizing the potential contribution is through an …

Effects Of Ring Rolling On Grain Size In Inconel 718 And Waspaloy, David Webster

Materials Engineering

Carlton Forge Works, an industry leader in the manufacture of rolled rings, has observed anomalous grain structures in parts made from Inconel 718 and Waspaloy. These take the form of unusually large grains at the surface of the rings, causing them to fail industry grain size standards. Grain size testing is a critical part of evaluating parts before they are used as grain size and structure control many mechanical properties including creep resistance, low and high cycle fatigue life, and yield strength. These unusually large grains are only present within the first tenth of an inch of the surface of …

Microstructure And Tensile Properties Of Close-Die Forged Ti-6al-4v Aircraft Engine Mount, Renee Roeder, Nick Chen, Michael Viksne

Materials Engineering

The microstructural characteristics of a Ti-6Al-4V close-die forging that passes yield strength specifications are examined and found to be consistent with literature recommendations. Originally, the intent was to compare the microstructure of a forging that passed specification to the microstructure of a forging that did not pass specifications using the imaging software ImageJ. Due to time and safety constraints considering the COVID-19 pandemic, the data that is presented is incomplete data on only the forging that passes specifications. There are no comparisons between the forging that did not pass and the forging that passed.

Non-Toxic Soil Thickeners For Reducing Mudslide Intensity, Mitchell William Jensen

Materials Engineering

This project was intended to be a continuation of senior project work done last year by a group consisting of two Materials Engineering students and a Soil Science student. Their report was crucial in identifying a range of food thickeners that could be capable of performing in the mud thickening application. All thickeners that were chosen both this year and last year are biocompatible, to alleviate some toxicity concerns. The food thickeners all belong to a class of compounds known as colloids. Since water is the fluid being thickened, these compounds are more accurately referred to as hydrocolloids. Hydrocolloids are …

Pitting Corrosion Of Oerlikon’S Abrasion Resistant Ferritic Stainless Steels, Matthew P. Nalty, Emma Wagstaff

Materials Engineering

Existing hardfacing coatings for hydraulic cylinders and brake disc applications crack during use leaving the components susceptible to corrosion. To address this problem, Oerlikon has designed three new alloys to be abrasion and corrosion resistant. This paper reviews the literature necessary to understand and quantify pitting resistance of stainless-steel alloys. It documents one round of testing ASTM G48 method A: Ferric Chloride Pitting Test of Stainless Steels on the new alloys P72-X9, P72-X13, P129-X9, as well as samples of 431, 316, and 2205 stainless steels. This paper also discusses improvements to the G48 testing method and industry use of the …

Investigation Of Ceramic Firing Processes For Investment Casting Shell Molds, Leonardo Ken Hoaakua Nakamura, Rileigh Anne Cotter

Materials Engineering

PCC Structurals aims to improve the quality and consistency of their ceramic mold production for their investment casting processes to decrease product loss figures. Although their current production processes result in acceptable quantities of high-quality molds, a significant percentage of defective molds are produced. These defective molds cause appreciable product loss due to casting defects and mold failure. Available literature dictates that high-quality investment casting molds must exhibit fracture strengths within a desired range in order to perform adequately. However, information regarding specific firing procedures which consistently result in ceramic mold strengths within this range is not readily available. To …

Alternative To Custom 450© Stainless Steel For Use In Investment Cast Golf Club Heads, William Henry Armstrong Iv, Davis Martin Loen

Materials Engineering

This investigation seeks to improve on the mechanical property of yield strength, while maintaining 10% elongation prior to fracture observed with of Custom 450 stainless steel in an air-melted investment casting operation. Improving this performance includes an additional heat treatment step of homogenization, as well as replacing the alloy. After identifying and downselecting available high strength stainless steels, a trial of Custom 455 stainless steel is recommended due to its high strength compared to the other alternative alloys. A trial has been developed to analyze the effect air melting has on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of Custom 455 …

Failure Analysis Of Investment Cast Near-Alpha Titanium Alloys, Garrett Ryan Bader, Jonathan Anton Linquist

Materials Engineering

In this project, fracture surfaces of three titanium investment castings were studied as part of a failure analysis on a TaylorMade metalwood. The crack formation occurred between investment cast Ti 9-1-1 and rolled Ti 6-4 joined by laser beam welding. The microstructure of the Ti 9-1-1 contained alpha colonies in large prior beta grains, while the Ti 6-4 was primarily Widmanstätten in basket weave morphology, refined with subsequent rolling. Over a period of cyclic loading, cracking occurred at the face-sole transition in the metalwoods that had been cast from a certain supplier B, while metalwoods that had undergone similar treatment …

Effects Of Surface Finish On High Cycle Fatigue Of Inconel 718, Jessica A. Mcroskey, Matthew Busse

Materials Engineering

Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy and commonly used rocket engine material due to its excellent properties at elevated temperatures. Its fatigue life relies heavily on the surface roughness, as fatigue introduces and propagates cracks at the surface. Part standards set by Aerojet Rocketdyne typically necessitate surface roughness values from 64 to 125 Ra. However, surface topography and residual stresses incurred from the finishing process also affect the fatigue performance. The specific goal of the project is to perform a literature review and write experimental methods to determine how the surface roughness, topography, and residual stresses from turning, grit blasting, …

The Influence Of Time And Temperature On 7781 Prepreg Outside Storage, Matthew L. Fuentez, Edwin Stuart Ross Viii

Materials Engineering

Investigation into the issue of out of specification flow data revealed that unregulated transportation conditions exposed 7781 prepreg with phenolic resin to temperature fluctuations up to 125°F. The temperature fluctuations have the potential to advance unwanted curing in the prepreg, making it unsuitable for manufacturing. However, this explanation does not account for the prepreg exceeding specifications above the upper limit. Another explanation was investigated that involved exposure to moisture. Moisture could be preventing curing from taking place and thus resulting in higher flow values. Data collection was unable to proceed past the preliminary stages due to the COVID-19 pandemic and …

Study Of Permeability Testing Methods For Composite Laminates, Thomas S. Busse, Giannina Marie M. Yu

Materials Engineering

Permeability measurements are strong indicators of the effectiveness of evacuation channels within a composite prepreg. The effectiveness of these evacuation channels directly relates to the void content within a processed composite laminate. The goal of Toray Advanced Composites was to compare two permeability tests and determine which one was more reliable, accurate, and economical. The first permeability test method was the Cirrus method, designed by Cirrus Aircraft, a customer of Toray Advanced Composites. The second test was ASTM D8132, the standard method for permeability testing. Additionally, Toray sought to investigate the effect out-time had on the permeability of three different …

Optimization And Longevity Of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Enabled Membranes For Water Treatment, Madeleine Michael Isabella White

Master's Theses

Water scarcity is a growing concern at the global scale. Large scale water reuse is growing both in necessity and popularity. Before water reuse can be performed efficiently on a large scale or be used for potable supply, even indirectly, contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) will need to be treated at the full scale. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a form of advanced water treatment capable of treating a wide range of CECs. This study contributes to the growing field of AOPs and more specifically AOPs using ozone combined with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Ozonation of MWCNTs has been …

Tension-Tension Fatigue Behavior Of Nextel™ 720/Alumina-Mullite Ceramic Composite At 1200°C In Air And In Steam, Sarah A. Witzgall

Theses and Dissertations

Uniaxial tension-tension fatigue performance of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite was studied at 1200°C in laboratory air and in steam. The composite is reinforced with laminated, 0/90 mullite/alumina (NEXTEL™720) fibers woven in an eight-harness satin weave and has a porous alumina/mullite matrix. There is no interphase between the fiber and matrix. The composite relies on the porous matrix for crack deflection and flaw tolerance. Tension-tension fatigue was examined for maximum stresses of 45 – 136 MPa in air and in steam. To assess the effects of the steam environment on fatigue performance, experimental results obtained in air are compared …

Synthesis And Fabrication Of Polyaniline/Eggshell Composite In Ammonia Detection, Nurul Aqilla Mazlan, Jamil M. Sapari, Kavirajaa Pandian Sambasevam

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study focuses on the measurement and performance of bio-filler composite based on polyaniline (PANI)/chicken eggshell (CES). The composite films were prepared via ex-situ polymerisation using DBSA as its dopant. The PANI solution was distributed equally before mixing it with three different ratios of CES powder. Characterisations of the composite films were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX) and multimeter. PANI film that contained 20mg CES filler possessed the highest conductivity and the fastest time to achieve 90% of sensitivity. The film was also very selective towards ammonia gas and …

Tribology, Mechanical Properties And Coloration Of A Mica Glass-Ceramic, Sahadsaya Prasertwong, Sukanda Angkulpipat, Thapanee Srichumpong, Kallaya Suputtamongkol, Chanchana Thanachayanont, Ramona Sola4, Greg Heness, Cristina Leonelli, Duangrudee Chaysuwan

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The research employed pigments, Fe2O3 and CeO2, into the glass frit for adjustable mechanical properties and coloration. Disc samples were prepared to determine microstructures and mechanical properties in terms of tribology and nano-indentation hardness as well as biaxial flexural strength. The glass system presented the crystalline phases, by XRD, of phlogopite Ca-mica, fluorapatite, stishovite, anorthite and strontium apatite. Furthermore, SEM micrographs revealed rod-like microstructures and parent glass phase in all specimens 1) GC, 2) GC + 1wt% CeO2, 3) GC + 0.1wt% Fe2O3 and 4) GC + 1wt% CeO2 + 0.1wt% Fe2O3. For the tribology test, specimens were tested by …

Dry-Sliding Wear Of The 316l/H-Bn Composites Produced Under Crack Ammonia Atmosphere, Ekkarat Chusong, Panya Kansuwan, Naoto Ohtake, Pongsak Wila, Nattaya Tosangthum, Ruangdaj Tongsri

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Wear is one of different problems in mechanical failures of moving components. When a component encounters friction force on its surface, crack initiation tends to occur and wear follows crack propagation. Thus, the moving parts of automobiles should have proper wear resistance for long-time services, in addition to having high strength and hardness for heavy load operation. A self-lubricating material with compromised tribological and mechanical properties is important for some moving components. In this work, self-lubricating composites, metal matrix composites embedded with a solid lubricant, made from 316L stainless steel powder mixed with different hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) contents of …

Effects Of New And Recycle Flux On The Mechanical Properties Of Submerged Arc Welded (Saw) Line Pipe Grade X52m And X65m, Taib Meor Mohd Adli

Student Works (2020-2029)

Two line pipe grade X52M and X65M were manufactured using submerged arc welding process. For each grade, two different welding flux condition were simulated, i.e. 100% new flux and 100% recycle flux. The flux used was aluminate basic type trade name OP 132. The outside diameter and wall thickness for X52M was 610mm x 12.7mm and for X65M was 762mm x 14.3mm. Lower weld re-entrant angle and higher weld bead height were observed in recycle flux condition. Lower weld manganese content recorded in recycle flux condition. And lower mechanical tests (i.e. tensile, impact, and hardness) value reported for recycle flux …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Porous Carbon Composite Derived From Biomass Waste For Supercapacitor Application, Cheng Kim Sim

Student Works (2020-2029)

Energy storage devices have gradually dominated human daily activities and indispensable to economy development such as supercapacitor and battery. There are few factors determining the performance of supercapacitor and active material is one of the crucial. Therefore, biomass such as pineapple peel (PP) and green waste (GW) were preferred and prior mixed with manganese and tin carbonate to synthesize carbon composite (PP/GW-ZMO and PP/GW-ZTO) via combustion. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) was employed to study the textural properties with the highest specific surface area obtained in PP-C (1765.92 m2g-1) and GW-C (1613.92 m2g-1). The existence of composite materials was examined using x-ray diffraction …

Prediction Of Flotation Efficiency Of Metal Sulfides Using An Original Hybrid Machine Learning Model, Rachel Cook, Keitumetse Cathrine Monyake, Muhammad Badar Hayat, Aditya Kumar, Lana Alagha

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Froth flotation process is extensively used for selective separation of base metal sulfides from uneconomic mineral resources. Reliable prediction of process outcomes (metal recovery and grade) is vital to ensure peak performance. This work employs an innovative hybrid machine learning (ML) model—constructed by combining the random forest model and the firefly algorithm—to predict froth flotation efficiency of galena and chalcopyrite in relation to various experimental process parameters. The hybrid model's prediction performance was rigorously evaluated and compared against four different standalone ML models. The outcomes of this study illustrate that the hybrid ML model has the prediction ability to process …

Thermal Properties Of Sodium Borosilicate Glasses As A Function Of Sulfur Content, Jason M. Lonergan, Charmayne Lonergan, Joshua Silverstein, Pornsinee Cholsaipant, John Mccloy

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Sulfur trioxide (SO₃) additions, up to 3.0 mass%, were systematically investigated for effects on the physical properties of sodium borosilicate glass melted in air, with a sulfur-free composition of 50SiO₂–10Al₂O₃–12B₂O₃–21Na₂O–7CaO (mass%). Solubility measurements, using electron microscopy chemical analysis, determined the maximum loading to be ~1.2 mass% SO₃. It was found that measured sulfur (here as sulfate) additions up to 1.18 mass% increased the glass transition temperature by 3%, thermal diffusivity by 11%, heat capacity by 10%, and thermal conductivity by 20%, and decreased the …

Mechanical Properties Of Boehmeria Nivea Natural Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composite Prepared By Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion Molding, Fabio Da Costa Garcia Filho, Fernanda Santos Da Luz, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, Kestur Gundappa Satyanarayana, Jaroslaw W. Drelich, Sergio Neves Monteiro

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Natural lignocellulosic fibers and corresponding fabrics have been gaining notoriety in recent decades as reinforcement options for polymer matrices associated with industrially applied composites. These natural fibers and fabrics exhibit competitive properties when compared with some synthetics such as glass fiber. In particular, the use of fabrics made from natural fibers might be considered a more ecient alternative, since they provide multidirectional reinforcement and allow the introduction of a larger volume fraction of fibers in the composite. In this context, it is important to understand the mechanical performance of natural fabric composites as a basic condition to ensure ecient engineering …

Nature-Inspired Electrode Materials For Next Generation Sustainable Energy Storage, Mikhail Miroshnikov

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Despite revolutionizing the world of portable electronics, the contemporary lithium-ion battery (LIB) suffers from challenges associated with the cost, safety, and environmental impact of transition metal oxide-based intercalation cathodes. To alleviate these issues, naturally occurring organic molecules may serve as sustainable alternatives to traditional inorganic cathode materials. The electrochemical properties of organic compounds are derived from redox-active functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Additionally, these functional groups are capable of coordinating metal ions beyond lithium, allowing for compatibility with sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and other earth abundant metal-based energy storage systems. However, despite competitive performance against commercialized cathode materials, much …

Numerical And Analytical Methods To Predict Behavior Of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Composites, Mandeep Pokhrel

Dissertations

Structural components constructed with ductile concrete composites, such as high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC), are known to perform exceptionally well under extreme mechanical and environmental loading conditions compared to traditional concrete. HPFRCC flexural components exhibit enhanced performance in terms of displacement ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and damage tolerance capacity. However, recent research suggests that the flexural behavior of reinforced HPFRCCs in terms of crack progression, reinforcement plasticity, and failure mechanism is significantly different than conventional reinforced concrete. Specifically, the failure mode of flexural members is found to be predominantly through the fracture of longitudinal reinforcement rather than compression crushing of …

The Impact Of Conversion On The Durability Of Calcium Aluminate Cement Concrete Systems, Marwa Mohsen Korayem

Dissertations

The deterioration of infrastructure in North America has resulted in a significant need for concrete repair materials that can be used to maintain service life of these structures. Hydraulic cement based rapid repair materials can be used to repair pavement and bridge deterioration with minimal impact on economic activities such as freight handling or public transportation. While there are many options for use in repair situations, calcium aluminate cements have become more popular recently, particularly in situations where repairs must be completed rapidly.

Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) is a cement characterized by its rapid strength gain, even at low temperatures …