Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Development Of Amphiphilic Biodegradable Photoluminescent Polymers, Shengyuan Zhou

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

The development of amphiphilc block copolymers have been attracted much attention due to their potential use in drug delivery and targeting. Less research work focused on their prospective application as fluorescent imaging probes. Although some research reported fluorescent materials encapsulated in amphiphilc micelles has provided significant opportunities for biological labeling and imaging in biomedical fields, these fluorescent materials, such as organic dyes and quantum dots, suffer from photobleaching, cytotoxicity and lack of biodegradability. A novel and ideal amphiphilic biodegradable photoluminescent polymeric micelle was developed, which will open new avenues for biomedical filed. The objective of this reseach was to develop …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Platinum And Carbon Nanoparticle In Benzene By Electric Plasma Discharge In Ultrasonic Cavitation, Rakesh Pratapbhai Chaudhary

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Nanoparticles are of interest due to the high number of atoms located on the surface. This high surface area is conductive to higher catalytic efficiency than normal seen in bulk metals. Of numerous Nanoparticles catalysts studied, Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles have attracted particular interest due to their superior catalysis for many chemical reactions, especially for fuel cell reactions including hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction. Carbon supported Pt nanoparticles are active anode catalysts for fuel cells. In this thesis nano-sized Pt particles have been synthesized by an advanced and cost effective method. Pt nanoparticles embedded in carbon matrix were synthesized by an …

Nanoparticle Bridge Dna Biosensor, Hong-Wen Huang

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

A new DNA sensing method is demonstrated in which DNA hybridization events lead to the formation of nanoparticle satellites that bridge two electrodes and are detected electrically. The hybridization events are exclusively carried out only on specific locations, the surfaces of C-ssDNA modified 50 nm GNPs. The uniqueness of this work is that only a small number of T-ccDNA molecules (<10) is required to form the nanoparticle satellites, allowing ultra-sensitive DNA sensing. The principle of this new DNA sensing technique has been demonstrated using target DNA and three-base-pair-mismatched DNA in 20nM concentrations. Three single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) system is used in our experiment which includes Capture-ssDNA (C-ssDNA), Target-ssDNA (T-ssDNA) and Probe-ssDNA (P-ssDNA). Both C-ssDNA and P-ssDNA are modified by a thiol group and can hybridize with different portions of T-ssDNA. T-ssDNA requires no modification in three ssDNA system, which is beneficial in many applications. C-ssDNA modified 50nm gold nanoparticle (C-50au) and P-ssDNA modified 30nm gold nanoparticle (P-30au) are prepared through the reaction of thiol-gold chemical bonding between thiolated ssDNA and gold nanoparticle (GNP) (C-ssDNA with 50nm GNP, P-ssDNA with 30nm GNP). We controllably place the C-50au only on the SiO2 band surface (~ 90nm width) between two gold electrodes (source and drain electrodes) by forming positively- and negatively-charged self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on SiO2 and gold surface, respectively. DNA modified GNP is negatively charged due to ionization of phosphate group on DNA back bone. C-50au therefore is negatively charged and can only be attracted toward SiO2 area (repelled by negatively charged gold electrode surface). The amine group of positively-charged SAMs on SiO2 surface is then passivated by converting to non-polar methyl functional group after C-50au placement. P-30au is first hybridized with T-ssDNA in the solution phase (T-P-30au formed) and is introduced into DNA detection device in which C-50au are immobilized on ~90nm width SiO2 band (between two gold electrodes). The passivation step ensures every T-P-30au are attached only to C-50au through hybridization (T-P-30au will not be attracted toward SiO2 surface or gold electrodes). GNP bridges are formed across the electrodes and provide an electrical path between two gold electrodes.We ensure that every T-P-30au only hybridizes on the surface of C-50au by (1) accurately controlling C-50au placement between two gold electrodes, (2) passivating positively-charged SAMs on SiO2 surface after C-50au immobilization. When T-P-30au hybridize with C-50au on ~90nm wide SiO2 surface, GNP bridges form and provide an electrical path between two gold electrodes even with only a few hybridization events. Experimental results show that even a few GNP bridges formed on SiO2 band can provide a significant conductance change from an open circuit to a conductive circuit (current = 0.5 uA at voltage = 0.1 V with four GNP bridge). We also used 3-base-pair-mismatched ssDNA (3mm-ssDNA) as a control experiment, which always resulted in an open circuit (no GNP bridge formed). Our detection device is compatible with current CMOS fabrication technology and can be manufactured on a wafer scale. The direct electrical output of this DNA detection technique provides a promising basis for high-throughput screening (can be fabricated on a wafer scale) with no expensive equipment required.

Measurement Of The Spectral Distribution Of Low Energy Electrons Emitted As A Result Of Nvv Auger Transitions In Ag (100), Sushant Kalaskar

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Auger Photoelectron Coincidence Spectroscopy (APECS) was used to investigate the physics of the Low Energy Tail (LET) of the Auger spectrum of Ag (100) at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Lab, New York. The incident photon energy was set at 180eV. The spectrum shows a peak due to the NVV Auger transition accompanied by a substantial low energy region. The APECS spectrum contains the contributions from electrons excited by the NVV Auger transition plus a background due to true coincidences between photoemitted valence band electrons that undergo inelastic scattering and transfer part of their energy with other valence …

Formation Of Au Nanoparticles Through Reaction Of Na₃Au(So₃)₂ By Electrochemically Evolved Hydrogen, Yi Jiun Li

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Hydrogen evolution during electrochemical deposition has long been regarded as undesired and deliberately suppressed since small hydrogen bubbles could cause a rough surface of deposits. Here, we demonstrate a new role for electrochemically evolved hydrogen, serving as both templates and reducing agents for synthesizing Au nanoparticles via electroless depositions from Na₃Au(SO₃)₂ electrolytes. A series of experiments have been designed to investigate this new role. A working electrode of patterned Ag strips on the non-conductive substrates has been used. It has been observed that when a potential more negative than hydrogen evolution potential was applied to metal areas, a large amount …

Self-Assembly Of Polystyrene Nanospheres And Its Applications As Templates For Plasmonic Structures, Shih-Hsin Chang

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Monodispersed colloidal polystyrene spheres have been self-assembled into various structures as templates for the fabrication of different nanostructures. Two unique self-assembly processes have been developed and systematically investigated. A method to make the multi-layer and mono-layer close-packed structure by means of capillary-convective force has been developed. By directly visualizing the self-assembling process using optical microscopy, a mechanism based on the 2-D crystal formation and 3-D repulsive force model has been proposed to explain the process. A vertical deposition technique to produce nanosphere crystal structure with single orientation on hydrophilic glass substrate has also been developed. Using a lithographically patterned substrate …

Thermal Detection Of Biomarkers Using Phase Change Nanoparticles, Chaoming Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Most of existing techniques cannot be used to detect molecular biomarkers (i.e., protein and DNA) contained in complex body fluids due to issues such as enzyme inhibition or signal interference. This thesis describes a nanoparticle-based thermal detection method for the highly sensitive detections of multiple DNA biomarkers or proteins contained in different type of fluids such as buffer solution, cell lysate and milk by using solid-liquid phase change nanoparticles as thermal barcodes. Besides, this method has also been applied for thrombin detection by using RNA aptamer-functionalized phase change nanoparticles as thermal probes. Furthermore, using nanostructured Si surface that have higher …

Correlation Between Preparation Parameters And Properties Of Molybdenum Back Contact Layer For Cigs Thin Film Solar Cells, Eigo Takahashi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Molybdenum (Mo) thin film back contact layers for thin film CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2 (CIGS) solar cells were deposited onto soda lime glass substrates using a direct current (DC) planar magnetron sputtering deposition technique. Requirements for the Mo thin film as a back contact layer for CIGS solar cells are various. Sheet resistance, contact resistance to the CIGS absorber, optical reflectance, surface morphology, and adhesion to the glass substrate are the most important properties that the Mo thin film back contact layer must satisfy. Experiments were carried out under various combinations of sputtering power and working gas pressure, for it is well known …

Tunable Infrared Metamaterials, David Shelton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Metamaterials are engineered periodic composites that have unique refractive-index characteristics not available in natural materials. They have been demonstrated over a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, from visible to radiofrequency. For applications in the infrared, the structure of metamaterials is generally defined using electron-beam lithography. At these frequencies, the loss and dispersion of any metal included in the composite are of particular significance. In this regard, we investigate deviations from the Drude model due to the anomalous skin effect. For comparison with theoretical predictions, the optical properties of several different metals are measured, both at room temperature and at …

Probing The Nanoscale Interaction Forces And Elastic Properties Of Organic And Inorganic Materials Using Force-Distance (F-D) Spectroscopy, Abhilash Vincent

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Due to their therapeutic applications such as radical scavenging, MRI contrast imaging, Photoluminescence imaging, drug delivery, etc., nanoparticles (NPs) have a significant importance in bio-nanotechnology. The reason that prevents the utilizing NPs for drug delivery in medical field is mostly due to their biocompatibility issues (incompatibility can lead to toxicity and cell death). Changes in the surface conditions of NPs often lead to NP cytotoxicity. Investigating the role of NP surface properties (surface charges and surface chemistry) on their interactions with biomolecules (Cells, protein and DNA) could enhance the current understanding of NP cytotoxicity. Hence, it is highly beneficial to …

The Reactivity Of A Zr-Si Melt With B4c At Ultrahigh Temperatures, Alvaro Vega Sandate

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Surfaces with exceptional properties are needed for next generation materials. Hypersonic re-entry space vehicles or turbines are subjected to both oxidizing and neutral environments and nose-caps or wings on such vehicles could easily reach operating temperatures of over 2000°C. Ultrahigh temperature ceramics like ZrB2 and HfB2 have melting temperatures of 3245°C and 3380°C respectively. However, these materials need to be protected from oxidation, usually with an oxide layer. Zirconium is more affordable and will be used to study its reaction with B4C and ZrSi2.

Experimentation was conducted by melting Zr slugs into a B4C and ZrSi2 packed bed at 1860°C …

Electro-Optic And Magneto-Dielectric Properties Of Multifunctional Nitride And Oxide Materials, Ambesh Dixit

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Materials that simultaneously exhibit different physical properties provide a rich area of research leading to the development of new devices. For example, materials having a strong coupling between charge and spin degrees of freedom are essential to realizing a new class of devices referred to generally as spintronics. However, these multifunctional systems pose new scientific challenges in understanding the origin and mechanisms for cross-control of different functionalities. The core of this Ph.D. dissertation deals with multifunctional nitride and oxide compound semiconductors as well as multiferroic magnetic oxide systems by investigating structural, optical, electrical, magnetic, magnetodielectric and magnetoelectric properties.

Thin …

Investigation Of The Threshold Voltage Shift Effect Of La2o3 On Tin/Hfo2/La2o3/Sio2/Si Stacks, Ming Di

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The semiconductor industry continues to scale (shrink) transistor dimensions to both increase the number of transistors per integrated circuit and their speed. One important aspect of scaling is the need to decrease the equivalent oxide thickness of the transistor gate dielectric while minimizing leakage current. Traditional thin layer SiO2 or SiOxNy films have been replaced by higher dielectric constant film stacks Here we study one example, the HfO2/La2O3/SiO2 stack. This dissertation describes an investigation of the use of La2O3 to reduce the threshold voltage of TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stacks (high-k/metal gate stacks). A significant aspect of this study is the determination of …

Fabrication And Characterization Of Nanomaterials Grown By Electron Beam Induced Deposition Process, Juntao Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Platinum&ndash and tungsten&ndashcontaining materials were grown on bulk substrates from a variety of precursors including (CH₃)₃CH₃C₅H₄Pt, W(CO)₆, WF₆, and Pt(PF₃)₄ in either a high vacuum dual beam focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB&ndashSEM) or an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The effects of deposition conditions on the growth kinetics, microstructure and composition of the grown materials, structural and chemical homogeneity of impurities inside the deposits as well as the resistivity were investigated.

Nanoabrasives Retention And Removal Mechanisms In Polyurethane Pads For Copper Cmp, Iftikhar Ul-Hasan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The continued reduction in integrated circuit (IC) feature size requires similar reductions in surface defectivity. A key source of surface defects in IC fabrication processes stems from nanoabrasives used in chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) processing. During CMP processing, polished surfaces are more vulnerable to defects including scratching, nanoabrasive particle adhesion and nanoabrasive agglomerate adhesion. The removal of these nano-sized particles is a priority for the IC fabrication industry and is reflected in the 2008 ITRS defect budget. However, there is insufficient technical understanding regarding the retention of residual nanoabrasives on the surfaces of the CMP pad following a CMP process and …

Suppression Of Octahedral Tilts And Associated Changes In Electronic Properties At Epitaxial Oxide Heterostructure Interfaces, A. Y. Borisevich, H. Y. Chang, Mark Huijben, M. P. Oxley, S. Okamoto, Manish K. Niranjan, John D. Burton, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Y. H. Chu, P. Yu, R. Ramesh, Sergei V. Kalinin, S. J. Pennycook

Materials Research Science and Engineering Center: Faculty Publications

Epitaxial oxide interfaces with broken translational symmetry have emerged as a central paradigm behind the novel behaviors of oxide superlattices. Here, we use scanning transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate a direct, quantitative unit-cell-by-unit-cell mapping of lattice parameters and oxygen octahedral rotations across the BiFeO₃ -La_0:7 Sr_0:3MnO₃ interface to elucidate how the change of crystal symmetry is accommodated. Combined with low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy imaging, we demonstrate a mesoscopic antiferrodistortive phase transition near the interface in BiFeO₃ and elucidate associated changes in electronic properties in a thin layer directly adjacent to the interface.

Electroless Deposition Of Superconducting Magnesium Diboride Thin Films On Various Substrates, Khrupa Saagar Vijayaragavan

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION OF SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE THIN FILMS ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES

by

KHRUPA SAAGAR VIJAYARAGAVAN

MAY 2010

Advisor: Dr. Susil K Putatunda

Dr. Gavin Lawes

Major: Chemical Engineering

Degree: Masters of Science

Superconducting thin films of magnesium diboride were synthesized by a novel electroless plating process. Electroless plating shares many similarities to electroplating with the major difference being the absence of a continuous bias voltage. Significantly, this work represents the first investigation where electroless deposition has been used to prepare compounds, as opposed to the elemental metals considered in all previous studies. Magnesium Diboride is a recently discovered superconducting …

Friction Stir Processing Of Commercial Grade Marine Alloys To Enable Superplastic Forming, Christopher B. Smith, Arun Mohan, Rajiv S. Mishra, Murray Mahoney, Mike Miles, Scott M. Gillis, Lee M. Cerveny, Gerald Opichka

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of friction stir processing (FSP) on marine grade aluminum sheet has been investigated with the objective of locally enhancing the material properties. This can potentially allow low-cost commercial grade aluminum to be used in superplastic forming applications or further enhance the formability to allow more complex geometries to be formed. FSP has been demonstrated to enable super plasticity (uniform elongations >250%) in 5083-H116 over a range of friction stir processing conditions. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications.

Investigation Of The Thermoelectric Behavior Of Cu-Doped Pbteagxse, Ben Ma

All Theses

Sustainable energy research is currently on the forefront of scientific exploration thus a major effort is devoted to the development of new energy conservation and production techniques. Thermoelectric materials can play a significant part both in energy conservation and energy production via the Seebeck effect (heat to electric power) and the Peltier effect (electricity to cooling power), since they can convert wasted heat to useful electrical energy.
Presented herein are the measured electrical and thermal transport properties and phenomenal analysis of the PbTeAgxSe (x=1.9, 2.0, 2.01) system. First, it would lead to a significant reduction in the thermal conductivity and …

Understanding Materials, Petros J. Katsioloudis

STEMPS Faculty Publications

The article discusses the importance of understanding the characteristics of materials that will be used for different applications. Through the years, the inventions and innovations in the technology of materials are becoming more technologically complex. Innovations in the materials are divided in different categories, including metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Example of such innovations in the technology of materials include the ceramic composite applied to the surface of the space shuttle panels to absorb and release high amounts of heat.

Electrostatic Quadrupole Plasma Mass Spectrometer Measurements During Thin Film Depositions Using Simultaneous Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation And Magnetron Sputtering, Chad N. Hunter, Michael H. Check, Christopher Muratore, Andrey A. Voevodin

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

A hybrid plasma deposition process, combining matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) of carbon nanopearls (CNPs) with magnetron sputtering of gold was investigated for growth of composite films, where 100 nm sized CNPs were encapsulated into a gold matrix. Composition and morphology of such composite films was characterized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Carbondeposits on a gold magnetron sputter target and carbon impurities in the gold matrices of depositedfilms were observed while codepositing from gold and frozen toluene-CNP MAPLE targets in pure argon. Electrostatic quadrupole plasma analysis was used to determine that …

Environmental Degradation Of Oxidation Resistant And Thermal Barrier Coatings For Fuel-Flexible Gas Turbine Applications, Prabhakar Mohan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The development of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has been undoubtedly the most critical advancement in materials technology for modern gas turbine engines. TBCs are widely used in gas turbine engines for both power-generation and propulsion applications. Metallic oxidation-resistant coatings (ORCs) are also widely employed as a stand-alone protective coating or bond coat for TBCs in many high-temperature applications. Among the widely studied durability issues in these high-temperature protective coatings, one critical challenge that received greater attention in recent years is their resistance to high-temperature degradation due to corrosive deposits arising from fuel impurities and CMAS (calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate) sand deposits from air …

Morphological, Structural, And Optical Studies Of Undoped And Doped-Zno Nanostructure., Ramin Yousefi

Student Works (2010-2019)

Research concerning one-dimensional nanomaterials has grown tremendously ever since carbon nanotubes were discovered by Iijima (1991), silicon nanowires were grown by Lieber's group (1998), and ZnO nanowires and nanobelts were found by Wang's group from Georgia Tech (Pan et al., 2001). Such researches on one-dimensional structures have been one of the most important branches of science during recent decades. We can now observe the impact of these studies on the technology of one-dimensional materials and also the advanced prospect of developing new technologies. Based on this motivation, this thesis attempts to investigate some unknown properties of ZnO nanostructures as …

A Study On The Corrosion Behavior Of Nanocrystalline Nickel In Aqueous Environments, Anjana Shyam Sundar

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Nanocrystalline materials possess considerably enhanced properties arising from their small grain size. Significant interest has been paid in the past to their mechanical and physical properties. Very little attention has been attracted by their electrochemical behavior, which is expected to be affected by the significant volume fraction of grain boundaries. In the present study, corrosion experiments were conducted in nanocrystalline nickel in two entirely different solutions in order to obtain a better understanding of its corrosion behavior. This is of particular interest to MEMS and NEMS devices where electroplated nanocrystalline nickel is the metal of choice. The corrosion behavior of …

Branched And Spiral Organic Nanotubes Based On The Self-Assembly Of Bile Acids, Xuejun Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The self-assembly of chiral amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solutions is of particular interest because the chirality of individual molecules is often expressed in their supermolecular structures. Self-assembled tubes made of chiral amphiphilic molecules represent useful supramolecular architectures which hold promise as controlled release vehicles for drug delivery, encapsulates for functional molecules, and nanoreactors for chemical reactions. Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a secondary bile acid with the concentration being identical to that of cholesterol in the hepatic bile and gallbladder. It has a rigid, nearly planar hydrophobic steroid nucleus, with four hydrogen atoms and one hydroxyl group directed toward the concave …

Structural Characterization Of Sputter-Deposited Ss304+Xal (X = 0, 4, 7 And 10 Wt.%) Coatings And Mechanically Milled Ti, Zr And, Uma Maheswara Seelam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Study of the metastable phases obtained by non-equilibrium processing techniques has come a long way during the past five decades. New metastable phases have often given new perspectives to the research on synthesis of novel materials systems. Metastable materials produced by two non-equilibrium processing methods were studied for this dissertation- 304-type austenitic stainless steel (SS304 or Fe-18Cr-8Ni)+aluminum coatings produced by plasma enhanced magnetron sputter-deposition (PEMS) and nanocrystalline Ti, Zr and Hf powders processed by mechanical milling (MM). The objective of the study was to understand the crystallographic and microstructural aspects of these materials. Four SS304+Al coatings with a nominal Al …

Microstructural Investigation Of Precipitation Hardened Cuni2s+Zr Alloys For Rotor Applications, Jean-Paul Vega-Garcia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Industrial generator components experience high stresses and electrical fields during their service life. Material integrity is key in guaranteeing component performance. CuNi2SiZr, used as rotor wedges in generators, serve to maintain rotor slot content in place while experiencing high centrifugal stresses and low cycle fatigue during start and stop at elevated temperature. The quality and integrity of this material in service can be directly related to its microstructure, which is determined by the processing procedures of the wedges. In this study, the microstructure development in this material is evaluated to eliminate grain boundary defects by optimizing processing parameters, determining the …

Investigation Of Thermal, Elastic And Load-Biased Transformation Strains In Niti Shape Memory Alloys, Shipeng Qiu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys have the ability to recover their original, pre-deformed shape in the presence of external loads when heated through a solid-solid phase transformation from a lower-symmetry B19' martensite phase to a higher-symmetry B2 austenite phase. The strain associated with a shape memory alloy in an actuator application typically has thermal, elastic and inelastic contributions. The objective of this work was to investigate the aforementioned strains by recourse to in situ neutron diffraction experiments during selected combinations of heating, cooling and/or mechanical loading. The primary studies were conducted on polycrystalline Ni49.9Ti50.1 specimens on the Spectrometer for MAterials …

Strengthening Potential Of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes In Phenolic Resin Composites, Brittany Kerr

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Strengthening potential of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a phenolic resin composite was evaluated by characterization of purified and phenyl sulfonated SWCNTs, investigation of the load transfer capability of the purified SWCNTs, and characterization of the composites. Purified and phenyl sulfonated SWCNTs, as well as their composites, were examined by Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultra violet-visible spectrometry. Fabrication of the SWCNT/phenolic resin composite was performed by first dispersing the SWCNTs in ethylene glycol and then homogenizing the mixture with phenolic resin. The ethylene glycol was …

Interplay Between The Lattice And Spin Degrees Of Freedom In (Sr1−Xcax)3ru2o7, Jin Peng, David Fobes, Tijian Liu, Xiaoshan Wu, H M. Pham, Leonard Spinu, Z Q. Mao

Physics Faculty Publications

The Sr1−xCax3Ru2O7 solid solution series exhibits complex magnetic ground states, ranging from an itinerant metamagnetic state, to a quasi-two-dimensional 2D heavy-mass nearly ferromagneticFM state, and finally to a long-range antiferromagnetically ordered state Z. Qu et al. Phys. Rev. B. 78, R180407 2008. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of structural distortion and magnetic anisotropy with Ca content in this material system. Our results show that both the magnetic phase transitions and magnetic anistropy of this system couple with the evolution of structure distortion. The transformation from the itinerant metamagnetic to the nearly ferromagnetic state is accompanied …