Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Single Use Bioreactors: Geometry Does Matter, Colin Jaques, Anthony Beaney

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The first generation of single use bioreactors (SUBs) departed from conventional stirred tank bioreactor (STR) geometry in terms of impeller number, and orientation and sparger hole diameter. Moreover, one marked feature of SUB bioreactors was that they could be operated at lower volumes than conventional STRs, bringing considerable operational flexibility. This practice, however, further negates the principle of geometric similarity. Whilst some processes may be able to remain within a SUB for the whole product life cycle, many products will require scale up to larger-scale vessels as demand for the product increases. This poster considers the implications of changing reactor …

Identification Of Antioxidant By-Products Based On Their Specific Chemistry And Their Potential Detection During Sus Extractable Study, Samuel Dorey, Fanny Gaston, Nathalie Dupuy, Sylvain Marque, Gerard Audran

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Single-use films in biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are mainly made from polymers such as PE, EVA and EVOH. Depending upon the environmental aggressiveness during various stages of the polymer lifetime, additives are added to protect them such as substituted hindered phenols acting as antioxidants, melt (processing) stabilizers, and to some extent as photo-antioxidants.

Ionizing radiation effects on polymers have been widely investigated. They consist mainly of free radicals production. These free radicals can in turn lead to degradation and or crosslinking phenomena (release of gases, discoloration, changes in mechanical properties and gas permeability, degradation and leaching of polymer additives into …

Implementation And Characterization Of Solvent Detergent Viral Inactivation In Single Use Bags, Michael Cunningham, Ven Raman, Nitin Sood, Jessica Shea, Lori Mullin, Eric Youssef, Pedro Almeida, Elizabeth Goodrich

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Biomanufacturing of recombinant products from mammalian cell culture systems and plasma derived products requires at least two orthogonal virus reduction steps to comply with regulatory pathogen safety risk mitigation guidelines. Solvent detergent viral inactivation (SD VI) has historically been effectively utilized for the inactivation of lipid-enveloped viruses from plasma derived products, yet only recently have process development activities focused on implementation of SD VI in single use systems. The adoption of single-use technologies for bioproduction continues to progress, driven predominantly by the benefits of operational flexibility, speed of implementation, lower capital investment, and elimination of cross contamination concerns. However, the …

Single-Use Capacitance Measurement Of Cell Viability, Dan Kopec, Stuart Tindal, Marcus Weise, Sven Grob, Henry Weichert, Thomas Schnitzler, Manfred Biselli, Mario Becker

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The biomanufacture of complex biologics continues to expand and develop with no end foreseen and in order to build on the industries rapid adoption of single use technology an ethos of what is measured and controlled in stainless steel can be, and should be transferable to plastic. The realization of this continues to be a challenge but one of the key critical parameters in cell cultivation; in-situ viable biomass is now quantifiable using single use capacitance measurement. A single-use sensor patch is fully integrated in a 5L Rocking Motion Bioreactor bag, gamma sterilized and applied to CHO DG44 and Hybridoma …

Material Science Enabled Quality By Design: The New Standard In Sus Development, Christian Julien

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

There is a growing interest from the end-user community in creating supply chain transparency as it pertains to critical raw materials used within their pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Single-use systems contain mainly polymeric materials, often in diverse combinations drawing from a wide range of thermoplastic and elastomeric resins. Continued adoption of single-use assemblies into the entire spectrum of unit processing and production operations has led to increased scrutiny thereof and consequently many end-users have strengthened their technical diligence teams to include material scientists. These SME’s are tasked with enhancing the understanding of the materials of construction utilized in single-use systems. Their …

An Investigational Study On The Impact Of An Incopatible Filtration Of Benzyl Alcohol Using A Polyethersulfone Membrane, Michael Difiore

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Chemical compatibility of a process stream with a disposable component is a critical element of determining the suitability of the single-use system. Chemical compatibility is often a collection of data on the physical interactions of a disposable with a solution, including but not limited to filter integrity, membrane swelling, and hardware deformations. Compatibility conditions recommended by the disposable manufacturer such as solvent concentration, temperature, and contact time should be compared to actual process use conditions. An incompatible filtration operation can impact the integrity of the filter, in addition to introducing material-derived impurities to a process stream that may not be …

Single-Use Bioprocess Containers: Raw Material Control Strategy For Optimal Cell Growth, Susan Burke, Sara Ullsten, Eva Blanck, Eva Lindskog, Shujian Yi, Jeffrey Carter, Pokon Ganguli, Herman Parma

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

There is an upward trend in the use of disposable containers for manufacturing biopharmaceuticals. Single-use systems offer several advantages such as increased flexibility, the elimination of cleaning procedures, and reduced capital expenditure. However, due to the plastic nature of these disposable bags, the materials of construction can be more complex than traditional stainless steel vessels. They are often made of films containing multiple layers of polymers with various additives for processing. There have been scientific reports of the inhibition of biopharmaceutical cell culture growth attributed to a leachate originating from an antioxidant commonly used in the plastic films of single-use …

Single Use Sensors: Sensing A Need For Change, David Pollard

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Single use sensors are vital for the advancement of bioprocess monitoring and control. The application of process analytical technology is gaining momentum to drive process control and improve process consistency. The data is being combined into MVDA parametric models to apply real time release strategies with the intent to reduce the QC burden. Progress has been hindered by inadequate sensing tools that struggle to meet the user requirements. End users have resorted to using conventional probes via insertion ports with separate steam sterilization. Some of the existing single use sensor offerings have been plagued with inaccuracy , drift and reliability …

Headache Be Gone: Clearance Of Extractables And Leachables In Single-Use Technologies Through Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration, Kate Lee, Nicholas Magarian, Kunal Nagpal, Ekta Mahajan, Kenneth Skidmore

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Application of single-use technologies in biopharmaceutical manufacturing can be driven by several factors such as reduced capital costs, reduced risk of cross-contamination, increased process flexibility, and reduced cleaning validation. However, implementation of single-use technologies have been restricted due to a number of concerns, with the most commonly cited being the presence of extractables and leachables (E/L) from single-use technologies. In general, overly conservative estimates of E/L are used in the risk assessment due to lack of data on clearance, resulting in a time-consuming, costly, and extensive E/L assessment for single-use technologies.

A proof-of-concept study is presented here to simplify these …

Overview Of The Links Between Material Properties And Film Extrusion Process, Ralf Reiser, Stefan Jendrosch, Ingo Schnellenbach

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Ensuring a good product requires specifically a combination of selected parameters covering materials, processes & controls / testing. This presentation will show how these concerted activities lead to deliver a good film matching the application needs in Biotechnology applications

Material properties: Bags are formed out of a plastic film by different sealing technologies, using heat, ultrasonic sound or electric fields. Key critical parameters vary from sealability, mechanical & barrier properties, leachables & extractables, surface specification, melt flow properties, gel count, transparency …

Process + Machine: Extrusion or lamination processes have some technical limitations and machines most relevant topics …

Case Study: Identification, Characterization And Mitigation Of Growth Inhibitory Leachable Compound From Disposable Plastic Vessels, Zara Melkounian

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The inhibition of CHO cell growth was observed in culture medium incubated in disposable plastic vessel, but not in a control glass vessel. Gamma irradiation of vessels during terminal sterilization step was required to produce the growth inhibitory leachable, as unsterilized vessels showed no inhibition of cell growth. Also, the growth inhibition was cell line specific in that some CHO cells were more sensitive than others, and some were not sensitive at all.

Using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods we were able to identify and characterize a single leachable responsible for this growth inhibition in some CHO cells. By understanding the …

Wakey Wakey Sleepyhead- A Case Study In Adapting Single Use Bioreactors To A Sensitive Cell Line, Ganesh Prasadh Vissvesvaran

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Single Use Bioreactors have been in vogue for almost a decade. Characterization of films and adaptation of bioreactor preparation to accommodate sensitive cell lines is still a challenge and our Industry continues to invest in analytical technology for root cause analysis. This effort, in turn, can result in more stringent requirements that can be levied as part of new film/bioreactor qualification. The case study presented here details the challenges posed by a sensitive cell line, root cause assessment, interim and long term solutions.

Final Program, Ekta Mahajan, Gary Lye

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

No abstract provided.

Approach To Biomaterials Selection Using A Risk-Based Approach, Patricia Rafidison

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Global source of materials for Healthcare applications continues to attract industry attention and regulators’ scrutiny, mainly due to the nature of the supply chain and its complexity, calling for more traceability, security, and reliability. Therefore, it becomes critical, when choosing a biomaterial, to use a risk based approach when assessing its function and intended use prior to its qualification. Key risk elements are to be identified, assessed and documented to obtain a reliable product performance and safety profile. A rigorous material qualification plan, based on science, a controlled quality system as well as a change control mechanism are to be …

Characterizing Changes In Protein Quality Attributes To Assess Leachable Risks From Single-Use Bioprocess Containers, Nina Xiao, Colin Medley, Ian Shieh, Gregory Downing, Ankit Patel, Shelly Pizarro, Jun Liu

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Leachables from bioprocess containers (BPCs) are a source of process-related impurities that have the potential to alter product quality and impact patient health. The leachables often exist at low concentrations that are difficult to detect and assess their impact on quality attributes (QA) of biotherapeutics stored in the BPCs. This study examines two monoclonal antibodies in a small-scale stressed model to detect and assess the presence of relevant BPC leachables by monitoring protein QA. The results from this study demonstrate that the stress model can inform a risk assessment of leachables on protein QA during routine manufacturing and assist in …

Limitation And Detection Of Bis(2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenyl)Phosphate (Bdtbpp) From Bioprocess Container Materials, Samuel Dorey, Ina Pahl, Isabelle Uettwiller, Sebastien Janvier, Elke Jurkiewicz

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The identification of the bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate (bDtBPP) by Hammond et al was a key to understand the detrimental effect on cell growth that may occur in single use systems composed of polyethylene. The growth inhibition depends on the concentration and cell line, while known standard cytotoxicity assays (i.e. USP<87>) are insensitive to the levels shown to have detrimental effects. There is therefore no universal standardized cell growth testing allowing determining an absolute quantitative concentration detrimental to all specific cell lines. The most sensitive cells lines tested showed a dose response that challenges the limit of detection of …

Thermodynamics Of Migration In Polymers: Can Contamination From Materials In Contact Be Predicted, Controlled And Possibly Avoided?, Olivier Vitrac, Phuong Nguyen

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The contamination from materials is coined as “migration” and refers to a combination of various mass transfer mechanisms under thermodynamic control: molecular or mutual diffusion, sorption and desorption phenomena linear with concentration or not. The contamination pathways are particularly complicated when they involve several components or steps and strong interactions between materials and the medium in contact. They have been studied and mathematically described with two possible purposes: i) simplified approaches with a goal of overestimating the real contamination and ii) more sophisticated approaches to optimize the design of polymer materials, packaging materials or to redesign plastic additives with lower …

Impact Of A Toxic Single-Use Bio-Process Container Film Leachable On Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Heather Nunn, Matthew Hammond

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

A high-throughput cell-based assay (HT-CBA) was developed to investigate the impacts of the polymer films used to construct single-use bio-processing equipment such as bio-process containers (BPCs) and single-use bioreactors (SUBs) on the growth and health of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cell growth media were incubated in BPCs constructed from several different films, and the media thus treated was used to culture CHO cells in 24 deep-well plates. Multiple films negatively impacted culture growth and viability. The compound bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate (bDtBPP) which leaches at low levels from these films was shown to be highly detrimental to cell growth. The toxic compound …

The Effects Of Irradiation Technologies On Some Polymers Commonly Used In Suds, Olivier Vrain

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Both gamma ray and electron beam irradiation are widely used as a means of medical device sterilisation. However, it is known that the radiation produced by both processes can lead to undesirable changes within biomedical polymers.

This presentation will aim to explain the collaboration between a steriliser contractor and a university to carry out some comparative study on the two key radio-sterilisation methods (gamma ray and electron beam) in order to identify the more detrimental process in terms of the mechanical, structural, chemical and thermal properties of a common biomedical grade polymer, Poly (ether-block-amide) (PEBA).

Therefore, this presentation will have …

Application Of Bpog Standardized Extractables Protocol To Container Films: The Impact Of Different Sample Conditions And Analytical Procedures On E&L Profile, Mohamad Awada

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The E&L profile of Single-Use-Systems (SUS) include base polymers, additives, processing aids, and degradants that could potentially migrate from the container materials to contact solvents. Different conditions (such as temperature, surface area to volume ratio, dynamic/static incubation, and solvents) could produce different E&L profiles. In order to mitigate this problem, the BPOG Extractables Work Group has recently published a standardized extractables protocol recommendation in the form of a white paper (1) that defines sample conditions and analytical procedures for extractable testing.

This presentation will discuss the E&L container film results of an undergoing study preformed following BPOG guidelines compared to …

Silicone Tubing Extractables And Their Relationship To Particulates, Csilla Kollar

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

Extractables and particulates information of single-use components including tubing is one of the primary considerations for their selection for pharmaceutical applications. The information is used to assess risk to patient safety, product compatibility, process performance and demonstrate due diligence to regulatory agencies. Many factors need to be considered in the extractables study design such as solvent choice, testing conditions including time, temperature and agitation, surface area to volume ratio, wall thickness, selection of analytical techniques, detection/quantitation limits, and expression of results. Studies must be performed under similar conditions that reflect those that can be encountered during use.

We have been …

Polyolefins And Their Influence On Single Use Technology For Bioprocessing, Amy Plancon, Marnik Vaes

Single-Use Technologies: Bridging Polymer Science to Biotechnology Applications

The presentation will focus on polyolefins and their use in single use systems for bioprocessing and the manufacture of biologic drugs. The nature of polyethylene and polypropylene will be explored, as well as material properties and how those properties can be influenced by the polymer manufacturer to meet specific needs in the market. This influence might include the introduction of additives, the substitution of specific ingredients, and the promotion/development of particular processing conditions. The impact of antioxidants will be presented, along with an overview of extractables and leachables protocol as they relate to the polyolefin family.

Guest Of Honour Speech, Er Chew Keat Chuan

Shotcrete for Underground Support XII

No abstract provided.

Vernissage Flyer, Gina Klapperich

Shotcrete for Underground Support XII

No abstract provided.

Conference Program, Lu Ming, Oskar Sigl, Guojun Li

Shotcrete for Underground Support XII

No abstract provided.

Shotcrete For Underground Support Xii: Opening Comments, Herbert Klapperich

Shotcrete for Underground Support XII

No abstract provided.

Studying Fatigue Damage Evolution At Grain Boundaries Using Micro Mechanical Test Methods, Christian Motz

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development V

Fatigue of materials and components is one of the main reasons that limit their lifetime and impacts sustainability. The ongoing miniaturization in many areas of modern technology, e.g. microelectronics, medical devices etc., requires the knowledge of mechanical properties in small dimensions to guarantee their reliability. The size of typical fatigue dislocation structures, which control the damage evolution, is in the order of micrometers. Hence, reducing the size of parts and components down into this regime raises the question, whether such microstructures can occurs or not and how this affects the damage evolution. For this reason, the development of fatigue microstructures …

Some Recent Advances In Nanomechanical Testing: High Strain Rates, Variable Temperatures, Fatigue And Stress Relaxation, Combinatorial Experimentation, J. Michler, J. Wehrs, G. Moharty, J. Schwiedrzik, G. Guillonneau, R. Schoeppner, J. Best, J.M. Wheeler, J.M. Breguet, Marcelo Conte

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development V

In the first part of the talk, I will present two recently developed platforms for high temperature nanomechanical testing. The first platform allows for variable temperature and variable strain rate testing of micropillars in situ in the scanning electron microscope. By utilizing an intrinsically displacement-controlled micro-compression setup, which applies displacement using a miniaturized piezo-actuator, we’ve recently extended the attainable range of strain rates to up to~ 10³ s⁻¹, and enabled cyclic loading up to 10⁷ cycles and load relaxation tests. Stable, variable temperature indentation/micro-compression in the range of -45°C to 600°C is achieved through independent heating …

Limits Of Determining Stress States By Fib Method Due To Ga Implantation, Diana Courty, Alla Sologubenko, Stephan Gerstl, Ralph Spolenak

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development V

In order to assess the stress state in different kinds of materials in a reliable and flexible way, a Focused Ion Beam Microscope (FIB) routine has been developed to obtain information on the stress state in a material, in particular in thin films [A-C]. This method, named FIB-DIC micron-scale ring-core method, is based on monitoring relaxation of the material during a progressively deeper milling with a FIB beam. With digital image correlation (DIC), the change in the feature position can be analyzed and converted in residual strain and then with some modelling to residual stress. The method has already been …

Cracking In Brittle Materials During Nanoindentation: New Insights Gained From Cohesive Zone Finite Element Modeling, George Pharr

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development V

Cracking during nanoindentation of brittle solids with sharp pyramidal indenters like the Vickers and Berkovich has been modeled and systematically examined using cohesive zone finite element simulations. Although the initial stages of crack initiation cannot be adequately captured by these techniques, the cracks that form eventually evolve into long-crack geometries that behave much like those observed in experiment, provided the crack length is approximately ten times greater than the cohesive zone size. Once this is achieved, the simulations accurately describe how cracks grow and change during loading and unloading and how the sequence of cracking events depends on material parameters …