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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 1351

Full-Text Articles in Materials Science and Engineering

The Latest World Wide Progress In Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Yi Jiang Nov 1998

The Latest World Wide Progress In Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Yi Jiang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a novel, green electricity generation technology, which has been showing rapid development since 1980's. In light of its high efficiency, environmental friendly, fuel adaptability and long term stability, the Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) of this hype of full cell have been emphasized in a large number of developed countries. Based on the information communicated at the latest symposium on SOFC held last year in Aachen (Germany) and the knowledge gained through years of research in this field, a comprehensive review on the latest development of the tubular, this planar SOFC as well as …


A Preliminary Study Of The Synthesis Of Tin-Based Amorphous Material And Its Behavior On Lithium Intercalation, Li Liu, Han-Xi Yang, Ju-Tang Sun, Xing-Ping Ai Nov 1998

A Preliminary Study Of The Synthesis Of Tin-Based Amorphous Material And Its Behavior On Lithium Intercalation, Li Liu, Han-Xi Yang, Ju-Tang Sun, Xing-Ping Ai

Journal of Electrochemistry

An amorphous lithium inserting anode material based on Tin oxide glass was synthesized by salification in solution and its properties on lithium intercalation was investigated by X ray diffraction (XRD), microelectrode voltammetry and charge discharge measurements. The results have shown that this kind of material has considerable electrochemical reversibility toward lithium intercalation deintercalation. The available discharge capacity of the material reaches 430 mAh/g with charge-discharge efficiency over 90%, showing a great potential for practical use.


Direct Electro-Oxidation Synthesis Of D-Arabinose On Spectroscopic Graphite Electrode, Hei Wei, Huang Ying Nov 1998

Direct Electro-Oxidation Synthesis Of D-Arabinose On Spectroscopic Graphite Electrode, Hei Wei, Huang Ying

Journal of Electrochemistry

D Arabinose synthesized by direct electro-oxidative decarboxylation of D gluconate on graphite electrode from aqueous solutions. The effects of D gluconate concentration, electrolysis potential, temperature and electrolyte composition on the current efficiency and product yield of electrosynthsis are discussed. The laboratory scale electrosynthesis was achieved with flow through cell. The optimum technology conditions for electrosynthesis were obtained with orthogonal design method. Both galvanostatic and potentionstatic conditions have been exploited, the later was found to be more effective.


Study On Electrosynthesis Of Butyl Butyrate At Conducting Oxide Anode Support On Titanium, Jun-Xiang He, Jin-Cheng Zhou, Kang-Ning Chen Nov 1998

Study On Electrosynthesis Of Butyl Butyrate At Conducting Oxide Anode Support On Titanium, Jun-Xiang He, Jin-Cheng Zhou, Kang-Ning Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Synthesis of butyl butyrate by direct electroxidation of n butyl alcohol and the electrochemical behaviors of several selected conducting oxide electrodes (Pb/PbO2, Ti/PbO2, i/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2 and Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3+PdOx/PbO2) have been investigated. The results demonstrated that the intermediate layers of SnO2, Sb2O3 and PdOx could significantly decrease the interfacial resistance of the electrodes, and that the Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3+PdOx/PbO2 electrode possessed better electrocatelytic performance than others.


Direct Electrochemical Reaction Of Cytochrome C At The Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Film Modified Gold Electrodes, Xiao-Gang Qu, Gong-Quan Sun, Hui Yang, Tian-Hong Lu Aug 1998

Direct Electrochemical Reaction Of Cytochrome C At The Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Film Modified Gold Electrodes, Xiao-Gang Qu, Gong-Quan Sun, Hui Yang, Tian-Hong Lu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, the direct electrochemical reaction of cytochrome c was sudied at the poly (ethylene oxide) film modified gold electrodes. It was found the PEO is a good promoter for the electrochemical reaction of cytochrome c, and the reversibility of reaction of cytochrome c was found to depend on the molecular weight of PEO and the morphology of the PEO films.


Modification Of Carbon Anode Materials Of Lithium-Ion Secondary Battery, Yuping Wu, Chun-Rong Wan, Chang-Yin Jiang, Jiang-Iun Li Aug 1998

Modification Of Carbon Anode Materials Of Lithium-Ion Secondary Battery, Yuping Wu, Chun-Rong Wan, Chang-Yin Jiang, Jiang-Iun Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, the latest research work on modification of carbon anode materials of lithium ion secondary battery is reviewed. Modification methods include: incorporation of nonmetal elements such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, metal elements such as potassium, aluminum, gallium and transitional metal elements such as vanadium, nickel, cobalt, copper and iron and surface treatment such as oxidation and formation of surface layer. Since these methods can affect the carbon materials' electronics state, crystal structure and surface structure, the electrochemical properties of the carbon materials could probably be improved. Besides, mechanisms for lithium storage in carbonaceous materials are …


Lithiun Insertion In Carbon Nanotubes, Guo-Tao Wu, Chun-Sheng Wang, Zhong-Fu Qi, Wenz-Hu Li Aug 1998

Lithiun Insertion In Carbon Nanotubes, Guo-Tao Wu, Chun-Sheng Wang, Zhong-Fu Qi, Wenz-Hu Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Carbon nanotubes were produced by chemical vapour deposition(CVD) of acetylene under hydrogen gas.The reversible specific capacity of carbon nanotubes is up to 700 mAh/g, much higher than the theoretical specific capacity of graphite(372 mAh/g).After twenty charge/discharge cycles,the discharge capacity of carbon nanotube anode still maintains 65.3% of its original discharge capacity . Besides, the charge/discharge efficiency of carbon nanotube in the first charge/discharge cycle was found to improve from 42.6% up to 55.9% by coating carbon nanotubes with copper.


External Transducing Measurement Of The Internal Pressure In Sealed Battery By Resistance Strain Gauge, Han-Xi Yang, Rong-Hui Hu, Xin-Ping Ai, Cong-Zhi Yang, Sheng-Xian Li Aug 1998

External Transducing Measurement Of The Internal Pressure In Sealed Battery By Resistance Strain Gauge, Han-Xi Yang, Rong-Hui Hu, Xin-Ping Ai, Cong-Zhi Yang, Sheng-Xian Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel method to monitor dynamically the internal pressure of sealed battery with no damage of the battery by using of resistance strain measurement technique is presented. This technique employs the resistence strain gauges in touch of the battery case and to detect the minimal change in the battery deformation due to the increasing internal pressure, electrode expantion or intrenal temperature rise. Application of the technique for the study of the effects of the battery processing factors on the battery performance is described taking Ni MH battery as example.


Photoelectrochemical Studies On Nanoporous Tio2/Pan Film Electrode, Min-Sheng Liu, Yan-Zhong Hao, Xue-Bin Qiao, Mai-Zhi Yang, Sheng-Min Cai Aug 1998

Photoelectrochemical Studies On Nanoporous Tio2/Pan Film Electrode, Min-Sheng Liu, Yan-Zhong Hao, Xue-Bin Qiao, Mai-Zhi Yang, Sheng-Min Cai

Journal of Electrochemistry

The photon to electricity conversion process of nanoporous TiO2/PAn film electrode was studied in electrolytes with and without redox couple by using the photocurrent action spectra and potential dependence of photocurrent. It is concluded that the nanoporous TiO2/PAn film electrode has a structure of duplex n type semiconductor layers. The band gap of PAn film is 2.88eV.The TiO2 nanoporous film electrode modified by PAn can extend the range of optical absorption into visible and infrared region and effectively increase the photocurrent in the visible and infrared region. The photocurrent threshold shifts to>600nm and conversion …


Studies On The Electrode Kinetics Of Electrooxidation Of Mn2+, Wan-Li Hu, Tong Su, Wei Guo, Ding Zhou Aug 1998

Studies On The Electrode Kinetics Of Electrooxidation Of Mn2+, Wan-Li Hu, Tong Su, Wei Guo, Ding Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The mechanism of electrooxidation of MnSO4 on Pb Sb As alloy anode was investigated by using rotating disc electrode technique. The results shown that the conditional standard potential of Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)in 40% H2SO4 is 0.886 4 V.The rate controlling step of electrode process is mixed controlled by charge transfer and diffusion.


Study Of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells(Pemfc), Shan-Hai Ge, Bao-Lian Yi, Hong-Fen Xu, Ming Han, Zhi-Gang Shao Aug 1998

Study Of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells(Pemfc), Shan-Hai Ge, Bao-Lian Yi, Hong-Fen Xu, Ming Han, Zhi-Gang Shao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrode kinetic parameters for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) were investigated by measuring the relations of cell potential and current density. An experimental stack of PEMFC which can be operated at E cell =0.7V, I =0.55A/cm2 steadily is presented, and the effects of electrode structure and operation conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidification, flow rate on the performance of PEMFC are discussed.


Electrooxidation Of Benzene To Benzoquinone In A Packed Bed Reactor, Xin-Sheng Zhang, Ping Ding, Ying-Chun Dai, Wei-Kang Yuan Aug 1998

Electrooxidation Of Benzene To Benzoquinone In A Packed Bed Reactor, Xin-Sheng Zhang, Ping Ding, Ying-Chun Dai, Wei-Kang Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

A packed electrode reactor was used to oxidize to benzoquinone. Anode bed of the reactor has a size of 10~30 mm×450 mm×50 mm(thickness×length×width),and was packed porous lead alloy. A dispersion of benzene in 1 mol/L aqueous sulfuric acid was passed through the reactor. Current efficiency for benzoquinone generation is 62.9% at optimal operating condition: velocity of electrolyte flow, 0.19 ms -1 ;current, 10 A; thickness of anode bed, 10 mm, and percentage of benzene, 24%.


Electrochemical Preparation Of Rare Earth Functional Materials And Application Of Rare Earth To Electrochemistry, Qi-Qin Yang, Tong-Xiang Ye May 1998

Electrochemical Preparation Of Rare Earth Functional Materials And Application Of Rare Earth To Electrochemistry, Qi-Qin Yang, Tong-Xiang Ye

Journal of Electrochemistry

The new progress and related mechanism of the electrochemical preparation of rare earth materials (magnets, magnetooptic materials, battery materials, luminescent devices, semiconductors, superconductors) and the application of rare earth to the electrochemical areas (e.g. electroplating, corrosion, electrosynthses) have introduced.


Studies Of Surface Alloy As High Efficient Electrocatalyst For Glyoxylic Acid Synthesis, Sheng-Pei Chen, Sheng-Qing Xia, Shi-Gang Sun May 1998

Studies Of Surface Alloy As High Efficient Electrocatalyst For Glyoxylic Acid Synthesis, Sheng-Pei Chen, Sheng-Qing Xia, Shi-Gang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

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In-Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study Of The Oxidation And Reduction Of Ag Electrode In Na2So4, Yan-Xia Chen, Kai-Qi Huang, Zhong-Qun Tian May 1998

In-Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study Of The Oxidation And Reduction Of Ag Electrode In Na2So4, Yan-Xia Chen, Kai-Qi Huang, Zhong-Qun Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

In-situ Raman spectroscopy combined with cyclic voltammogram measurements was used to investigate formation of oxygen species at Ag electrode surfaces during the oxidation and reduction process in 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 solution. The time dependent Raman spectra show that at potentials positive of 0.2 V, adsorption of oxygen atom occurs, while at the potentials positive of 0.4 V, some oxygen atoms migrate into subsurface of the Ag electrode and the other form strongly bound oxygen on the surface through chemical bond. At the same potentials, part of the silver atoms are oxidized and form Ag2SO4 …


Studies On The Transport Properties Of Zn2+ In The Zn/V2O5 Secondary Battery With Aqueous Medium, Jia-Hong Zhou, Kuan-Hong Xue, Gu-Ping Pan May 1998

Studies On The Transport Properties Of Zn2+ In The Zn/V2O5 Secondary Battery With Aqueous Medium, Jia-Hong Zhou, Kuan-Hong Xue, Gu-Ping Pan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The transport properties and the reaction mechanism of Zn2+ in the cathode material of Zn/V2O5 secondary battery with aqueous medium were studied by use of intermittent titration experiments and X-Ray diffraction analysis. The relations of some kinetic parameters to the discharge depth were discussed. The results of the experiments show that the cathodic discharge reaction is an intercalation process.


Electrode Process Of Lithium Ions On Aluminum Electrode In Molten Licl-Kcl, Shu-Zhen Duan, Cong-Sheng Guan, Qing-Rong Shi, Xin-Dong Wang May 1998

Electrode Process Of Lithium Ions On Aluminum Electrode In Molten Licl-Kcl, Shu-Zhen Duan, Cong-Sheng Guan, Qing-Rong Shi, Xin-Dong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Deposition mechanism of Lithium on aluminium electrode was studied by using linear sweep voltammetry and potential step method. The formation of α-solid solution was controlled by the diffusion of lithium within the aluminium substance. The formation of β-LiAl alloy was limited by the rate of forming the alloy at the legining, and by diffiusion of lithium through the β- LiAl alloy layer was limited by the rate of forming the alloy at the begining, and by the diffusion of lithium through the β-LiAl alloy later. Neucleation polarization for the formation of β-LiAl alloy was observed. This polarization is an …


Studies Of Surface Electrochemistry And Electrocatalysis At Atomic And Molecule Level, Shigang Sun Feb 1998

Studies Of Surface Electrochemistry And Electrocatalysis At Atomic And Molecule Level, Shigang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

The main progresses achieved during last few years in our research group concerning studies of surface electrochemistry and electrocatalysis were reviewed in this present paper. Four topics were described: 1) the surface electrochemistry and model electrocatalysis of metal single crystal planes, 2) the electrocatalytic reaction mechanism and the control of reaction pathways at molecule level, 3) the reaction kinetics of electrooxidation of small organic molecules, and 4) the relationship between the properties and the surface chemical states of electrocatalyst. This review lays in emphasis on the demonstration of the results as well as the research direction of surface electrochemistry and …


A Preliminary Study On Thin Film Plasticizing Lithium Ion Battery, Quanfeng Dong, Hanxi Yang, Xinping Ai, Xiaohong Hu, Shengxian Li Feb 1998

A Preliminary Study On Thin Film Plasticizing Lithium Ion Battery, Quanfeng Dong, Hanxi Yang, Xinping Ai, Xiaohong Hu, Shengxian Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

A dry polymer electrolyte was made by plasticizing a copolymer matrix and further filling with liquid electrolyte. A thin-film lithium ion battery based on the dry polymer electrolyte was manufactured and its electrochemical properties were measured. It is found that the thin film lithium ion battery exhibits similar discharge properties to liquid electrolyte battery, and shows strong high rate capability.


Study On The Synthesis And Electrochemical Behavior Of Poly (Quinonoid-Disulfide), Xiaohui Tang, Xiuwu Sun, Yongfang Li, Shibi Fang Feb 1998

Study On The Synthesis And Electrochemical Behavior Of Poly (Quinonoid-Disulfide), Xiaohui Tang, Xiuwu Sun, Yongfang Li, Shibi Fang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Organic polydisulfide containing quinonoid structure was synthesized by chloromethylation, oxidation by nitric acid, and condensation polymerization with sodium disulfide. The effect of quinonoid structure on the electrochemical behavior of organic polydisulfide was investigated with cyclic voltammetry and chargedischarge measurement. The result shows that quinonoid struture mainly affects the positions of redox peaks of organic polydisulfide, open circuit voltage and discharge platform voltage of cell with the organic polydisulfide as cathode.


The Investigations Of Surface Treatment Methods And Characterization Of Oxide Films On Ab5 Based Metal Hydride Electrodes Ⅰ. New NiRich Treatment Methods And Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of Oxide Films, Junmin Nan, Yong Yang, Jun Li, Zugeng Lin Feb 1998

The Investigations Of Surface Treatment Methods And Characterization Of Oxide Films On Ab5 Based Metal Hydride Electrodes Ⅰ. New NiRich Treatment Methods And Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of Oxide Films, Junmin Nan, Yong Yang, Jun Li, Zugeng Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

Two simple and efficient surface treatment methods for AB5 type hydrogen storage alloys were developed. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) experiments showed that the hydrogen storage alloys treated by two different methods had Ni rich surface layer so that the performances of the electrodes were improved after treatment. The characterization of the oxide films which formed on the surface of electrodes through potentiodynamic oxidation with the help of photoelectrochemical microscopy (PEM) were done. The anodic photocurrent and the cathodic photocurrent related to the oxidation of hydrogen and the reduction of oxygen on the …


A Study On Heterogeneous Indirect Electrosynthesis Of Benzaldehyde, Daobao Chu, Changjian Lin, Huashui Lin, Jianguang Tan Feb 1998

A Study On Heterogeneous Indirect Electrosynthesis Of Benzaldehyde, Daobao Chu, Changjian Lin, Huashui Lin, Jianguang Tan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Heterogeneous indirect electrosynthesis process of benzaldehyde has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves. An optimum condition for preparation of benzaldehyde by indirect electrooxidation of toluenc with redox Mn3+/Mn2+ is given in this paper. Electrolytic regeneration Mn3+ are made at Pt/Ti anode in “slurry” MnSO4/H2SO4 medium. Current efficiency for electrolytic regeneration Mn3+  was maintained over 88% by “double cyclic way”.


Investigation Of Methanol Anode Electrooxidation Catalysts, Gangyao Wen, Ying Zhang, Zhenglong Yang, Changzhi Li Feb 1998

Investigation Of Methanol Anode Electrooxidation Catalysts, Gangyao Wen, Ying Zhang, Zhenglong Yang, Changzhi Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

A series of catalysts, Pt-WO3/C, Pt/Ru/C and Pt-Ru-WO3/C were prepared by chemical reduction deposition. Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanolon different catalyst/Nafion membrane electrodes was studies by voltammetry and current-potential polarization. The results indicated that the catalytic activity order of different catalysts is as follows: Pt-Ru-WO3/C > Pt-Ru/C > Pt-WO3/C. At the same time, influences of methanol concentrations and catalyst proportion on performances of anodes were also studies.


Study On Nano Electrode Material Of Lithium Ion Batteries, Jinkua You, Yong Yang, Dong Shu, Shenghui Wu, Yingchun Zhang, Zugeng Lin Feb 1998

Study On Nano Electrode Material Of Lithium Ion Batteries, Jinkua You, Yong Yang, Dong Shu, Shenghui Wu, Yingchun Zhang, Zugeng Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, the structure and morphology of the nano phase electrode materials have been characterized with XRD and TEM. The performances of electrochemical intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions have been studied by using cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic charge discharge techniques. The results show that the nano materials posses advantage of micro structure and Li+ ions intercalation performances. The observed high capacity and large charge discharge current density of the nano phase materials seem to have resulted from three kinds of effects: 1) an increase in the space for Li+ ions intercalation; 2) a decrease in the …


Progresses In Surface Electrochemistry And Electrocatalysis ——A Review On The 1997 Joint International Meeting Of Electrochemistry And 97' International Meeting Of Surface Electrochemistry, Shigang Sun Feb 1998

Progresses In Surface Electrochemistry And Electrocatalysis ——A Review On The 1997 Joint International Meeting Of Electrochemistry And 97' International Meeting Of Surface Electrochemistry, Shigang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

The progresses in surface electrochemistry and electrocatalsis reported in the 1997 joint international meeting of electrochemistry and in the 97′ international meeting of surface electrochemistry were reviewed. The main trends described in this paper consisted of 7 aspects: 1) the studies employing single crystal electrodes, 2) the development of in situ methods of diverse spectroscpoy, 3) the innovation of new research techniques, 4) the preparaton of electrocatalyst of high performances, 5) the quantitative studies on kinetics of electrocatalytic reactions, 6) the investigation on the dynamic processes of surface by timeresolved methods, and 7) the theoretical modeling and simulation of surface …


Anchor Effect Of Iron And Cobalt To Platinum On Carbon Substrates, Zidong Wei, Hetong Guo, Zhiyuan Tan Feb 1998

Anchor Effect Of Iron And Cobalt To Platinum On Carbon Substrates, Zidong Wei, Hetong Guo, Zhiyuan Tan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The cathodic reduction of oxygen is studied on porous carbonbased electrodes carrying platinumiron and/or cobalt alloy catalysts. Electrodes using such electrocatalysts, particularly when used as cathodes in acidic electrolytes, remain stable for longer periods. The cathodic polarization of oxygen reduction on such electrodes is 20 mV to 40 mV lower than that on the conventional electrode on which only platinum alone is used as an electrocatalysts. An accelerated aging test (AAT) is used to evaluate the corrosion resistance and sintering resistance of each catalyst. The dissolution of the catalyst in the AAT filtrate is analysed and provides a measure of …


Study On The Oxygen Electrodes Of Alkaline Fuel Cells Effect Of Dopant On The Activity Of Ag/C Catalyst, Jiawei Teng, Linhua Jin, Luncheng Tang Nov 1997

Study On The Oxygen Electrodes Of Alkaline Fuel Cells Effect Of Dopant On The Activity Of Ag/C Catalyst, Jiawei Teng, Linhua Jin, Luncheng Tang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new kind of nonnoble catalyst for the oxygen electrodes of Alkaline Fuel Cells was investigated. The AgNiBiHg/C catalyst, which was prepared by chemical reduction, was active for the cathodic reduction of oxygen in alkaline fuel cells. It was found that the catalytic activity was improved by adding Ni, Bi, Hg to Ag/C catalyst, and the maximum activity was observed at Ag50%-Ni2%-Bi3%-Hg3%-C42%(wt%). XRD inconjunction with SEM indicated that the crystalline silver turned into amorphous in the presence of doping agents and the grain size of silver was reduced. No dramatic deactivation of the catalyst occured after 5200 hours of service.


Preparation Of High Rate Discharge Foamed Ni-Cd Battery, Yuming Wang, Jinsheng Chen Nov 1997

Preparation Of High Rate Discharge Foamed Ni-Cd Battery, Yuming Wang, Jinsheng Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel device of SC type foamed NiCd battery is presented, in which, the innerresistance of battery is appeared to be reduced, and the electrode performance is gained to very improved, and so, this battery can be suited to using of the powerdrive pistol drill.


Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Materials And Technology, Naichao Li, Baolian Yi Nov 1997

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Materials And Technology, Naichao Li, Baolian Yi

Journal of Electrochemistry

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell materials are reviewed, and the technology of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell are discussed.


Study On Perchlorate Produced By Electrolysis With Oxygen Cathode, Zhigang Shao, Baolian Yi, Naichao Li, Ming Han Nov 1997

Study On Perchlorate Produced By Electrolysis With Oxygen Cathode, Zhigang Shao, Baolian Yi, Naichao Li, Ming Han

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new method of measuring the flow capacity of cell gas in the perchlorate cell process equipped with an oxygen cathode is applided to investigate the influence of changes in the concentration of solution (chloride, chlorate, perchlorate and metal ion) and changes in the operation parameters (current density, temperature and pH) on perchlorate current efficiency. The main abstacle that the oxygen cathode is used in the perchlorate cell process is put forward and a method is provided to resolve it.