Other Engineering Science and Materials Commons^™

Apple Orchard Drip Irrigation Conditions Of The Tashkent Region Of Uzbekistan, Sardor Gulyamov, Bakir Serikbaev, Anvar Sherov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the results of many years of theoretical experimental field research on drip irrigation of the apple orchard of the Golden variety in the conditions of the Tashkent region. Based on the analysis of climatic, soil, hydrogeological, geological, hydrological and economic conditions of the experimental plot, as well as biological features of the garden, the values of total water consumption, water consumption deficit, irrigation, irrigation rate and the number of irrigation by the bioclimatic method are determined.

Calculation Of The Placement Of Vertical Drainage Wells Near An Open Water Source In The Conditions Of Waterlogging Of Built-Up Areas, B.K. Saliev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article discusses the methodology for calculating the intercepting drainage well that reveals the upper layer of the multilayer horizon, and presents analytical dependencies based on the hydrodynamic theory and formulas for approximate calculation of the location of the axial line of the blocking drainage between the source of flooding and the protected built-up area from flooding. In particular, mathematical methods have been improved to solve the forecast problems of flooding in conditions of different pressure, based on the relationship between the depressions and the incoming flow of pressure water into the drainage well. The presence of underground pressure water …

Multisector Water Consumption Database: Surkhandarya Region Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, М. Ikramova, С. Batishev, О. Ikramov, H. Kabilov, D. Nazaraliev, А. Khodjiev, I. Akhmedkhodjaeva

Irrigation and Melioration

The available water resources in the country are used by the different sectors of economy as industry, agriculture, energy, communal service and etc. In this case the water distribution within the river basin requires perfect information service and data exchange facilities. In the paper the developed unified multi-sector on-line database is presented aimed to monitor the water distribution among sectors of economy, database structure, and data exchange tools. The software works at operative mood, allows evaluating the combined water use efficiency by water users.

Field Research Methods And Some Results For Distribution Of Suspended Sediment In Flow Constrained By Transverse Dams, M.R. Bakiev, K.T. Yakubov, O.M. Matkarimov, Z.B. Dovlatov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents methods for determining the main parameters of flow of medium hydraulic size sediment, turbidity, sampling methods in field and the instruments used for sampling, methods of processing the samples in laboratory. Methods for setting sections and gage points and conducting field and laboratory research have been developed for flow deformed by blank and through flow transverse dams, water surface longitudinal and transverse slope takes place in the flow constrained by transverse dams, changes in suspended sediment distribution occur inversely. Location of sections for sampling is determined in the article: in the headrace –beyond dam influence zone, maximal …

Hydromechanical Parameters Of River Sediment, A.M. Arifjanov, D.Sh. Allayorov

Irrigation and Melioration

The main problem today in irrigation canals is the danger of siltation, in this process it is important to correctly assess the factors affecting the throughput (hydromechanical parameters of sediment) and using their justification of the hydraulic elements of the flow. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the main hydromechanical parameters (hydraulic fineness) of river sediments, in hydraulic structures, in particular in irrigation canals, which currently increasingly affect adversely moving water. It has been established that the hydraulic size entering the right bank irrigation sump of the Kokand hydropower complex varies in the range of 189-429 mm/s, …

Minimizing Control Circuits Using Logic Elements, R.T. Gaziyeva, A.M. Nigmatov, E.O. Ozodov

Irrigation and Melioration

In this article considered information about contact and non-contact automation. In most cases, contact automation is used in many pumping stations. These phenomena are a power surge or voltage drop. And also the use of contact automation occupies a large place and inconvenience in operation. Non- contactless automation solves these problems. Pumping stations are usually designed with the calculation of their operation without permanent duty personnel. At large stations, a small staff is provided, which primarily carries out control functions. Set the automatic operation of pumping units. Often, automatic selection of switched-on units is carried out, reserve is withdrawn, station …

Importance Of Creating A System Of Land And Cadastral Data For Subjects Of Agriculture, К. Rakhmonov

Irrigation and Melioration

The generation of electronic data using the land plot scheme while maintaining the land cadastre provides significant convenience for users. Based on this concept, the author explains the conditions, factors and elements of the formation of the contours of land within the land, which plays an important role in the land cadastral work. In particular, the elements of the contour of the earth, that is, the conditions and composition of the border, the area and the order of formation of numbers, are reflected in a separate figure. It is known that the composition of agricultural land plays an important role …

Method Of Determining The Parameters Of The Working Bodies Of The Centrifugal Fan Installed To The Sprayer, D. Dzhuraev, M.S. Halilov, I.Zh. Toirov, A.E. Urishev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the data of scientists who conducted theoretical and experimental research on centrifugal fans, they refined the calculations, improved technical characteristics and aerodynamic designs of centrifugal fans. Aerodynamic and technological schemes of centrifugal fans installed to the sprayer have been developed. The theoretical and experimental studies conducted by scientists are described: Nevelson MI, Cherkassky VM, Kalinushkin MP, Ivanov O. P., Turbin B. G., on the basis of which the authors developed a method for calculating the main parameters of the working bodies centrifugal fan. Based on the developed calculation methodology, the main parameters of the working bodies of …

Experience Of Creation The Combined Power Complexes On The Basis Of Renewable Energy Sources, R.A. Zakhidov, A.I. Anarbaev, D.B. Kodirov, F.H. Mukhtarov

Irrigation and Melioration

At the article the combined energy complexes based on renewable energy sources implemented in various countries is analyzed. The regime issues of the most efficient use of maximum generation of electrical energy from solar, wind, biogas sources at reserved diesel station are given. Designs of generator modules based on a kinetic energy buffer storage device for preserving the quality of electricity from renewable energy sources with frequent changes in electrical loads of consumers are considered.

Analysis Of Results Of Researches Of Electrotechnological Treatment Of The Cotton Trouble Up To The First Crop Collection, A. Muhammadiev, A.I. Pardaev

Irrigation and Melioration

This article discusses the electrophysical characteristics of plants, more precisely the disclosure of the mechanism of electrical action on the plant through the study of the specific electrical resistance, as well as the task of developing the technological parameters of the electro-technological processing of crops. Knowledge of current value is given, passing through the minted and the rest of the cotton, determination of the negative impact of electrotechnological stamping of cotton on growth and development, yield, by electrotechnological method, including studies of the minted part of cotton, the death of the leaves, the seeds of the pests, the absence of …

Importance Of Creating A System Of Land And Cadastral Data For Subjects Of Agriculture, К. Rakhmonov

Irrigation and Melioration

The generation of electronic data using the land plot scheme while maintaining the land cadastre provides significant convenience for users. Based on this concept, the author explains the conditions, factors and elements of the formation of the contours of land within the land, which plays an important role in the land cadastral work. In particular, the elements of the contour of the earth, that is, the conditions and composition of the border, the area and the order of formation of numbers, are reflected in a separate figure. It is known that the composition of agricultural land plays an important role …

Cycle-To-Cycle Flow Variations In A Square Duct With A Symmetrically Oscillating Constriction, Erica Sherman, Lori M. Lambert, Bethany White, Michael H. Krane, Timothy Wei

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Spatially and temporally resolved Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) measurements are presented of flow complexities in a nominally two-dimensional, symmetric, duct with an oscillating constriction. The motivation for this research lies in advancing the state-of-the-art in applying integral control volume analysis to modeling unsteady internal flows. The specific target is acoustic modeling of human phonation. The integral mass and momentum equations are directly coupled to the acoustic equations and provide quantitative insight into acoustic source strengths in addition to the dynamics of the fluid-structure interactions in the glottis. In this study, a square cross-section duct was constructed with symmetric, computer …

Dual-Axis Solar Tracker, Bryan Kennedy

All Undergraduate Projects

Renewable energies, and fuels that are not fossil fuel-based, are one of the prolific topics of debate in modern society. With climate change now becoming a primary focus for scientists and innovators of today, one of the areas for the largest amount of potential and growth is that of the capturing and utilization of Solar Energy. This method involves using a mechanical system to track the progression of the sun as it traverses the sky throughout the day. A dual-axis solar tracker such as the one designed and built for this project, can follow the sun both azimuthally and in …

Hierarchical Mechanisms Of Lateral Interactions In High- Performance Fibers, Taylor A, Stockdale, Daniel P. Cole, Jeffrey M. Staniszewski, Michael R. Roenbeck, Dimitry Papkov, Steve R. Lustig, Youris A. Dzenis, Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The processing conditions used in the production of advanced polymer fibers facilitate the formation of an oriented fibrillar network that consists of structures spanning multiple length scales. The irregular nature of fiber tensile fracture surfaces suggests that their structural integrity is defined by the degree of lateral (interfacial) interactions that exist within the fiber microstructure. To date, experimental studies have quantified interfacial adhesion between nanoscale fibrils measuring 10−50 nm in width, and the global fracture energy through applying peel loads to fiber halves. However, a more in-depth evaluation of tensile fracture indicates that fiber failure typically occurs at an intermediate …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Balance And Walking Improvements In An Adolescent With Cerebral Palsy (Gmfcs Ii) And Autism After Motor-Assisted Elliptical Training, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Thad W. Buster, Judith M. Burnfield

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose: To quantify the impact of motor-assisted elliptical (ICARE) training on cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and walking function of an adolescent with walking limitations due to cerebral palsy.

Materials and methods: A thirteen-year-old boy with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System II) and autism participated. Peak oxygen consumption (peak VO₂, primary outcome measure), oxygen cost of walking, Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), modified Timed Up and Go (mTUG), 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and gait characteristics (speed, cadence, step length, single support time) were assessed prior to and after completion of 24 sessions of moderate- to vigorous- intensity ICARE …

Three-Dimensional Characterization Of Peripapillary Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Basement Membrane Layer In Patients Following Lumbar Puncture, Junfei Tong, Pengfei Dong, Sachin Kedar, Deepta Ghate, Linxia Gu

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose: To develop and test an innovative semi-automatic method for quantifying the three-dimensional morphology of the peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium-basement membrane (ppRPE/BM) layer, with application to lumbar puncture (LP) patients. Methods: Nineteen patients undergoing LP were recruited. The optic nerve head images of both eyes were acquired in 12 radial directions using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after LP. For each OCT image, the ppRPE/BM layer was automatically segmented with manual corrections by independent graders when necessary. The linear regression model of the ppRPE/BM layer was fitted using the least squares approach, and the ppRPE/BM layer angle was measured …

Roboticdeviceswithonboard Control And Related Systems And Devices, Shane Michael Farritor, Erik Mumm, Philip Chu, Nishant Kumar, Jason Dumpert, Yutaka Tsutano

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The embodiments disclosed herein relate to various medical device components, including components that can be incorporated into robotic and/or in vivo medical devices. Certain embodiments include various modular medical devices for in vivo medical procedures.

Role Of Interfacial Transition Zones In The Fracture Of Cu/V Nanolamellar Multilayers, Siyuan Wei, Shijian Zheng, Lifeng Zhang, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Xianping Wang, Jiangwei Wang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Plastic deformation and fracture behavior of Cu/V nanoscale metallic multilayers (NMMs) were systematically investigated through in situ transmission electron microscopy testing. Two different types of interfaces: sharp interfaces and interfacial transition zones (ITZs), formed in the as-fabricated Cu/V NMMs. Upon deformation, sharp interfaces and ITZs exert distinct influences on the fracture behavior of Cu/V NMMs. Sharp interfaces can impede the crack propagation by deflecting the crack propagation and blunting the crack tip, while the ITZs can induce microcracks and facilitate the fracture process. These findings shed light on the important roles of interface structures in the deformation of a broad …

Low- And High-Drag Intermittencies In Turbulent Channel Flows, Rishav Agrawal, Henry C.-H. Ng, Ethan A. Davis, Jae Sung Park, Michael D. Graham, David J.C. Dennis, Robert J. Poole

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Recent direct numerical simulations (DNS) and experiments in turbulent channel flow have found intermittent low- and high-drag events in Newtonian fluid flows, at Reτ = uτh/ν between 70 and 100, where uτ, h and ν are the friction velocity, channel half-height and kinematic viscosity, respectively. These intervals of low-drag and high-drag have been termed “hibernating” and “hyperactive”, respectively, and in this paper, a further investigation of these intermittent events is conducted using experimental and numerical techniques. For experiments, simultaneous measurements of wall shear stress and velocity are carried out in a channel flow facility using hot-film anemometry (HFA) and laser …

Multi-Well Plate Channel Device With Reversible Seals, Haipeng Zhang, Timothy Wei, Sangjin Ryu

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease which causes over 26,000 yearly deaths in the United States. This disease involves accumulation of substances in arterial walls (or plaques) that occurs frequently to arterial regions experiencing low shear stress, such as bends and bifurcations. A possible reason of plaque growth in arterial walls is the change of endothelial cell (EC)’s shape, which is related to fluid shear stresses tangentially acting on intimal layer (the EC surface) of the arterial wall. Lambert et al. studied the relationship between EC shape and shear stress (Lambert et al., 2019) using a BioFlux system (Fluxion Bioscienes) and …

Universal Mechanical Exfoliation Of Large-Area 2d Crystals, Yuan Huang, Yu-Hao Pan, Rong Yang, Li-Hong Bao, Lei Meng, Hai-Lan Luo, Yong-Qing Cai, Guo-Dong Liu, Wen-Juan Zhao, Zhang Zhou, Liang-Mei Wu, Zhi-Li- Zhu, Ming Huang, Li-Wei Liu, Lei Liu, Peng Cheng, Ke-Hui Wu, Shi-Bing Tian, Chang-Zhi Gu, You-Guo Shi, Yan-Feng Guo, Zhi Gang Cheng, Jiang-Ping Hu, Lin Zhao, Guan-Hua Yang, Eli Sutter, Peter Sutter, Ye-Liang Wang, Wei Ji, Xing-Jiang Zhou, Hong-Jun Gao

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Two-dimensional materials provide extraordinary opportunities for exploring phenomena arising in atomically thin crystals. Beginning with the first isolation of graphene, mechanical exfoliation has been a key to provide high-quality two-dimensional materials, but despite improvements it is still limited in yield, lateral size and contamination. Here we introduce a contamination-free, one-step and universal Au-assisted mechanical exfoliation method and demonstrate its effectiveness by isolating 40 types of single-crystalline monolayers, including elemental two-dimensional crystals, metal-dichalcogenides, magnets and superconductors. Most of them are of millimeter-size and high-quality, as shown by transfer-free measure- ments of electron microscopy, photo spectroscopies and electrical transport. Large sus- pended …

Benign Ferroelastic Twin Boundaries In Halide Perovskites For Charge Carrier Transport And Recombination, Xun Xiao, Wenhao Li, Yanjun Fang, Ye Liu, Yuchuan Shao, Shuang Yang, Jingjing Zhao, Xuezeng Dai, Rashid Zia, Jinsong Huang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Grain boundaries have been established to impact charge transport, recombination and thus the power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskite thin film solar cells. As a special category of grain boundaries, ferroelastic twin boundaries have been recently discovered to exist in both CH3NH3PbI3 thin films and single crystals. However, their impact on the carrier transport and recombination in perovskites remains unexplored. Here, using the scanning photocurrent microscopy, we find that twin boundaries have negligible influence on the carrier transport across them. Photoluminescence (PL) imaging and the spatial-resolved PL intensity and lifetime scanning confirm the electronically benign nature of the twin …

Variations In Plantar Pressure Variables Across Elliptical Trainers In Older Adults, Judith M. Burnfield, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Thad W. Buster

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Ellipticals are used to address walking and cardiorespiratory training goals of older adults, some of whom are at risk for foot injuries. Variations in joint kinematics and muscle demands when using different ellipticals could lead to plantar pressure differences. This study explored plantar pressure variables during gait and use of four ellipticals.

Methods: Plantar pressures were recorded while 10 adults [68.1 (4.5) years] walked and used the True, Octane, Life Fitness, and SportsArt ellipticals. Repeated-measures ANOVAs (5 × 1) identified forefoot and heel differences across conditions.

Findings: Maximum forefoot forces and peak pressures were significantly lower than walking for …

Ultrahigh Strength And Plasticity In Laser Rapid Solidified Al–Si Nanoscale Eutectics, Huai-Hsun Lien, Jyoti Mazumder, Jian Wang, Amit Misra

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

As-cast Al–20wt.% Si alloys were processed via laser rapid solidification (LRS) techniques to create eutectic microstructures with nanoscale interconnected, nanotwinned Si fibers. LRS morphologies exhibit higher flow stress, exceeding 800 MPa and uniform plastic deformation above 20% compared to as-cast alloy that fractures at strains below 8% at flow strength of approximately 200 MPa. The strengthening mechanisms of LRS morphologies are interpreted in terms of the interfacial constraints: increase in yield strength as well as strain hardening rate due to nanoscale confined slip in fibrous Al–Si eutectic, and load transfer and eventual plasticity in the nanoscale Si fibers.

Leidenfrost Droplet Microfluidics, Sidy Ndao, George Gogos, Dennis Alexander, Troy Anderson, Craig Zuhlke

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Systems and methods are described for propelling a liquid droplet in a Leidenforst state. A microfluidic device embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a solid structure having a patterned surface, the patterned surface including at least a first patterned region having a first Leidenfrost temperature with respect to a fluid, the first patterned region adjacent to the second patterned region, the first patterned region defining a path over which a droplet of the fluid is configured to travel in a Leidenfrost state.

Iron Pyrite Nanocrystals, Jinsong Huang, Baodong Mao, Christopher L. Exstrom

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

An apparatus includes a nanocrystal. The nanocrystal includes a core including FeS2; and a coating including a ligand component capable of chemically interacting with both an iron atom and a sulfur atom on a surface of the core.

Colocalized Sensing And Intelligent Computing In Micro-Sensors, Mohammad H. Hasan, Ali Al-Ramini, Eihab Abdel-Rahman, Roozbeh Jafari, Fadi Alsaleem

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

This work presents an approach to delay-based reservoir computing (RC) at the sensor level without input modulation. It employs a time-multiplexed bias to maintain transience while utilizing either an electrical signal or an environmental signal (such as acceleration) as an unmodulated input signal. The proposed approach enables RC carried out by sufficiently nonlinear sensory elements, as we demonstrate using a single electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device. The MEMS sensor can perform colocalized sensing and computing with fewer electronics than traditional RC elements at the RC input (such as analog- to-digital and digital-to-analog converters). The performance of the MEMS RC …

Microstructural Evolution Of Nanotwinned Al-Zr Alloy With Significant 9r Phase, N.A. Richter, Y.F. Zhang, D. Y. Xie, R. Su, Q. Li, S. Xue, T. Niu, J. Wang, H. Wang, Xinghang Zhang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Aluminum (Al) alloys have a multitude of applications, notably in the automotive, aerospace and coating industries, yet they exhibit significantly lower mechanical strength than conventional steels. Nanotwins drastically improve mechanical strength while retaining ductility. However, the high SFE of Al largely prevents twinning. Here, we synthesize Al-Zr alloy films containing an abundance of incoherent twin boundaries and 9R phases. These alloys exhibit an extended solid solubility of Zr, retaining a columnar nanotwinned structure across all compositions. These films reach a hardness up to 4.2 GPa with 10 at% Zr and demonstrate the capacity for producing strong Al alloys with nanotwins.

Jominy Hardenability Tester With In-Situ Heating, Luke Allen

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This project centers on building a Jominy Hardenability tester with In-Situ heating for the manufacturing lab at the University of Akron. A new process and setup will be designed using engineering concepts in order to make the testing more efficient and safer for the teaching and testing of metal hardness. The current Jominy testing setup has efficiency issues within the transfer of specimen from induction heater to testing rig. Our design will simplify the design by creating a test rig that removes the traveling aspect of the specimen which will limit the amount of premature cooling done and will be …

Tabletop Mechanical Tester, Jamie Dombroski, Brian English, Richard Leffler, Andrew Shirk

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The need for hands-on and face-to-face experiences in the engineering classroom is very great. The equations, principles, and concepts can all be learned, but without the visual and tactile application, these don’t always sink in or become concrete. A small-scale tensile test machine was designed, sourced, manufactured, and tested for the purpose of being applied in classroom settings to provide this experience to engineering students. Extensive research was performed concerning tensile machines on the market, the essential elements of which are the load cell, grips, crosshead, extensometer, motor, and frame. The raw materials for the frame were purchased and drawings …