Systems and Communications Commons^™

A Novel Framework For Collaborative Intrusion Detection For M2m Networks, Mohammad Abdellatif, Junaid Arshad, Muhammad Azad, Muhammad Khan

Electrical Engineering

The proliferation of sensor devices has introduced exciting possibilities such as the Internet of Things (IoT). Machine to Machine (M2M) communication underpins efficient interactions within such infrastructures. The resource constraints and ad-hoc nature of these networks have significant implications for security in general and with respect to intrusion detection in particular. Consequently, contemporary solutions mandating a stable infrastructure are inadequate to fulfill these defining characteristics of M2M networks. In this paper, we present COLIDE (COLlaborative Intrusion Detection Engine) a novel framework for effective intrusion detection in the M2M networks without incurring high energy and communication cost on the participating host …

Colide: A Collaborative Intrusion Detection Framework For Internet Of Things, Mohammad Abdellatif, Junaid Arshad, Muhammad Ajmal Azad, Khaled Salah, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman

Electrical Engineering

Internet of Things (IoT) represent a network of resource-constrained sensor devices connected through the open Internet, susceptible to misuse by intruders. Traditional standalone intrusion detection systems (IDS) are tasked with monitoring device behaviours to identify malicious activities. These systems not only require extensive network and system resources but also cause delays in detecting a malicious actor due to unavailability of a comprehensive view of the intruder's activities. Collaboration among IoT devices enables considering knowledge from a collection of host and network devices to achieve improved detection accuracy in a timely manner. However, collaboration introduces the challenge of energy efficiency and …

Two Senior Projects: 2.4 Ghz, 40% Efficiency Radio Frequency Amplifier, Ieee Design Contest, & Design And Implementation Of A Software Costas Loop For Audio Frequencies, Robert J. Tong

Electrical Engineering

How to Read this Document:

This document combines two senior project reports. The first senior project documents designing a class AB RF amplifier. The second, discusses the design and implementation of a software Costas loop for audio frequencies. The first report begins on the next page, while the Costas loop report starts on page 24. The two reports are orthogonal from one another. It is not a prerequisite to read the RF amplifier report before reading the Costas loop report. This document is merely two reports combined into one document. The second report, about the Costas loop, was written as …

Wireless Communication For Greenhouse Environment, Chris J. Lambert, Dean T. Lockman, Ian A. Nielsen

Electrical Engineering

Modern day population growth and global climate change requires high-yield agricultural systems that can function in harsh environments. Greenhouses can maintain temperature and humidity, while serving as a protective, nurturing alternative to vulnerable farm environments. With weather effects eliminated, greenhouses provide productive environments for experimental agriculture techniques such as hydroponics and aquaculture. These methods of agriculture, specifically aquaculture, require constant monitoring. The failure of electronic devices such as an air pump prove fatal to a fish population in a short time frame. In developing countries, agricultural locations may be a significant distance from a farmer’s home, with no internet or …

Hands On, Michael Le, Justin Remulla, Chris Menezes, Noah Beilin

Electrical Engineering

The goal is to design an extremely articulate smart glove, which acts a virtual reality controller. The smart glove will have gesture detection, which could include hand movements and/or combinations of finger movements to emulate mouse click or scroll, or digitally map out a hand for integrations with virtually reality softwares. This glove will have multiple accelerometer sensors on each finger and joint, connected to a single board running BLE MCU SoC in order to communicate with computer or mobile devices. The glove would connect to devices such as computers or phones using a Bluetooth dongle with applications in virtual …

Investigation Of Mimo Communications, Rodrigo Mendez Olea, William C. Tran, Patrick C. Kezer, Jean M. Whitmore

Electrical Engineering

This project focuses on the background of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication and its advantages over the other possible implementations. A background of wireless communication in regards to modulation types, information theory, antenna background and a hardware implementation using a VSA and VSG is provided. The theory is compared and verified with the hardware implementation with regards to the effect of the increase in the number of antennas and the parameter vector error magnitude.

Remote Cable Gantry, Allen L. Bailey

Electrical Engineering

The Remote Cable Gantry is a robotic system that was initially intended to aid in the art of aerial videography. It was designed to enable novice and expert users alike to capture both video footage and audio from perspectives unachievable by current methods. This system uses a series of cables to control the position of a camera gimbal in a defined 3D space and, as a self-contained unit, is portable and easy to use. The Remote Cable Gantry offers a quiet, intuitive, and safe alternative to existing technology, which has been limiting the market and potential of aerial photography and …

Optimizing Rpl Objective Function For Mobile Low-Power Wireless Networks, Mohammad Abdellatif, Ifeoma Urama, Hossein Fotouhei

Electrical Engineering

Supporting mobility in wireless sensor networks is one of the major requirements for future Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This work focuses on optimizing the objective function of Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in mobile applications. RPL routing is the most common standard routing protocol designed for IoT applications. We optimized RPL objective function by combining several RPL parameters, such as (i) Expected Transmission Count (ETX), (ii) number of hops, and (iii) average Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) as inputs in a fuzzy logic model. These parameters are more influenced in mobile applications. We applied the fuzzy …

Cooperative Anti-Jamming For Secondary Opportunistic Networks: A Colonel Blotto Game Model, Mohammad Abdellatif, Mohamed Abdelraheem

Electrical Engineering

Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) has been proposed to increase the spectrum utilization efficiency and to solve the spectrum scarcity problem. However, due to the spectrum sharing and opportunistic access nature of the DSA networks, they are more vulnerable to security threats like jammers. In this paper, we propose an anti-jamming technique in which the secondary network coordinator groups the secondary users in smart collations over the different channels. By utilizing cooperative communication, the secondary users in these collations can boost their transmission against the effect of the jammer. The interaction between the secondary network and the jammer is modeled as …

Underwater Optical Wireless Audio Transceiver, Angel Ayala

Electrical Engineering

Scuba diving carries risks that can endanger lives. Many of these risks are preventable. However, an underwater communication system can increase a diver’s safety. Along with providing safety, an underwater communication device can enhance the scuba diver’s enjoyment.

A low cost underwater optical wireless audio transceiver is designed. The project consists of the off-the-shelf parts that uses a microphone and speaker to transmit and receive sound. The project uses the concepts of visible light communications and pulse width modulation to transmit and receive sound. Although sound is commonly transmitted through ultrasound methods, visible light communications has several advantages. Visible light …

The Electric Reel For Soccer Fields, Stephen Taylor

Electrical Engineering

Painting a soccer field consumes too much time. The process of reeling the string after laying out string along the field needs to improve. As a result, my project addresses improvements in how the workers retrieve the string through the production of an electric reel. This electric reel allows the worker to have control of the speed, direction, and on/off state of the device. Direction control allows the user ability to reel and unwind the string. Variable speed allows the user to control how fast the reel unwinds and reels the string. The device gathers string in an orderly manner …

Uav Avoidance System, Zachary Stargensky

Electrical Engineering

This is an ongoing design project being funded by Northrop Grumman in which Cal Poly SLO is working in collaboration with Cal Poly Pomona to complete a working design at the end of each academic school year. The project consists of two UAVs that can navigate around a given area without running into each other or other obstacles. There are sensors to be mounted on the vehicles that can detect objects within a given distance and a microcontroller is used to control how the vehicle responds to an object being detected. The avoidance code has been written for previous years’ …

Rapid Battery Exchange Safety And Sensing, Ben John Froelich, Isaac Sungjin Kim

Electrical Engineering

The Rapid Battery Exchange system (RBX) swaps batteries in an electric van, allowing almost continuous operation of the vehicle. The RBX system is designed and built by The Cal Poly Electric Vehicle Engineering Club (EVEC). The system includes the exchange ramp, two battery packs, and the electric “G-Van.” While the vehicle drives using one of the battery packs, the other pack charges in the exchange ramp. When the van’s battery depletes, it drives onto the ramp and swaps the dead battery for the charged one, and the process repeats.

The RBX battery pack safety and sensing project divides into two …

Design Improvement For The Smart Dc Wall Plug, Cory Yee, Haoyan Huang

Electrical Engineering

The DC smart wall plug is a subsystem within the Cal Poly DC House Project. The previous version faces challenges supplying DC voltage to meet household appliances’ nominal values. Specifically, it can only output the minimum required voltage for DC appliances to operate, resulting in unwanted power loss. In addition, the maximum output voltage is rated at 15V, which is insufficient to power most DC appliances. This design improvement project incorporates NFC technology as a solution to overcome the power loss and a new buck converter configuration to increase the output voltage range. Additionally, the new design introduces short-circuit and …

Buddy: A Breathalyzer For Iphone, Douglas Blaalid, Brandon Bevans

Electrical Engineering

Buddy is a Breathalyzer for the iPhone designed to be more a product than a project. Through proprietary hardware and a custom iOS application, Buddy provides users with a previously untapped link from the alcohol in their body to the display on their phones. Buddy uses an alcohol sensor connected to an Arduino Uno to accurately detect the BAC of the user’s breath. The BAC is then transmitted to an iPhone via the headphone jack where it is displayed and logged in a captivating app. The finished prototype successfully measured the approximate BAC of intoxicated users. The product website has …

High Frequency Open Air Optical Communication System, Alexander C. Wolff

Electrical Engineering

The goal of this project is to create a wireless optical communication system that operates at high frequencies (up to 3 GHz). The system will function by taking a digital electric input signal, converting it to a photonic signal, recovering the signal at the other end of a short distance (~1 foot) and converting it back into a digital signal. Unlike the more common fiber-optic data transmission systems, this system will transmit light through air, instead of fiber, as its medium. Doing so will have the benefits of a wireless system combined with the benefits from an optical system, including …

Radio Link Analysis And Characterization Of Past And Future Cal Poly Cubesats, Brian Gilbert Tubb

Electrical Engineering

Cal Poly's satellites design team, PolySat, has three satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and four more planned to launch within the next two years. Radio communication of past and current orbiting satellites has been an exercise in frustration, prompting significant research into the satellite-side of the radio link by several other Senior Projects and Thesis papers. However, minimal effort has been spent on evaluating why these problems were discovered only once the satellites reached orbit. This paper details the downfalls of relying heavily on link budgets and improper long range test setups, then experimentally determines the sensitivity of PolySat's …

3.5 To 30 Mhz Automatic Antenna Impedance Matching System, William Blodgett

Electrical Engineering

Two-way communications using 3 to 30 MHz, high-frequency (HF) radio, also known as shortwave radio, provides worldwide coverage with no infrastructure required between stations. Amateur or “Ham” radio operators apply this advantage to long distance communications and to provide disaster relief communications. Optimum frequencies for long distance propagation are time-of-day variant necessitating an operating frequency range of 3 to 30 MHz. HF half wave dipole antenna length varies from 15 to 150 ft over this range. Fixed-length antenna impedance varies with frequency due to physical dimension dependent capacitance and inductance. Maximum transmitter to antenna power transfer occurs when the transmission …

802.15.4 Low Intermediate Frequency Radio Receiver, Sanjay Avasarala

Electrical Engineering

This project involves the design, building, and testing of a low intermediate frequency 802.15.4 receiver that uses an FPGA to perform final demodulation to baseband.

Pulsed Class-G Rf Amplifier System, Kevin Maulhardt, Kevin Haskett

Electrical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Rfid Check-In System For Safe Routes To School At Hawthorne Elementary, Paul Banel

Electrical Engineering

The system uses a low frequency Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader and passive RFID tags to help the Safe Routes to School program at Hawthorne Elementary in San Luis Obispo track the number of children who participate in the program. Children will carry passive RFID tags and scan them at the reader each morning that they walk or bike to school. The system tracks the total number of students that walk and bike each day, as well as the number of times each individual child participates over the course of many days. The Safe Routes program hopes to use this …

Lyfi, Kianoosh Salami, Justin Cotton, Elush Shirazpour

Electrical Engineering

This paper will cover the steps necessary to design, build, and manage networkable smart light switches over WiFi via a mobile application. It contains a microcontroller running a real time operating system, a WiFi module, a Java server with SQLite databasing, and a mobile phone application.

LyFi is designed to turn on/off and dim household lights while only requiring the same installation procedure as a less capable dimmer switch. Once installed and connected to a network, LyFi will self-discover and configure. The server automatically propogates a database of nodes where any mobile device running an application can receive an updated …

Auto-Tuning Antenna, John Chen, Jennifer Tighe

Electrical Engineering

Radio transmitters and antennas have differing impedances at the output and feedpoint, depending on frequency. Modern antenna tuning methods involve manual or automatic resistance and reactance network adjustment to match transmitter and antenna impedance. This reduces power reflections to the transmitter, but introduces losses and prevents full transmitter power from being radiated at the antenna. This project utilizes a variable length antenna element to tune and match transmitter and antenna impedances, allowing efficient power transfer to the antenna. The antenna length varies from 0 to 30.5 inches. The method involves an RF signal with a maximum power of 2 watts …

Wireless Passive Power Transfer Using Wire Antennas, Sheng Da Zhang

Electrical Engineering

This project tests and analyzes the efficiency of directional and omnidirectional antennas in wireless power transfer for charging. The project demonstrates the steps of construction and properties of dipole, monopole, and Yagi Uda antennas. A low power high frequency DC rectifier circuit converts the received RF power from the antenna and stored it as DC voltage on a capacitor. The receiver circuit also estimates the power received by the antenna. Wireless RF power transmission proves to be inefficient for short distances. The best efficiencies of the antennas were under 50% even at 0.1meter. The near field attenuation starts at around …

An Investigation Into Ultrasonic Communication For Near-Body Networks, Eric Joshua Escudero Jr., Gursewak Singh Rai

Electrical Engineering

The following report presents a study of body-area, free-space ultrasonic communication system. Two analog communication systems are investigated. The initial communications system setup relies upon the amplitude modulation (AM) techniques to transmit the signal. Such a system is prone to noise since the amplitude of the signal is directly affected by distance and the signal strength will deteriorate. The secondary communication system involves utilizing frequency modulation (FM). This method avoids the issue of losing information due to amplitude deterioration, but encounters delay issues. The main hardware components used in the approach outlined include ultrasonic transducers (UTs) used for both transmitting …

Digital Modulations Using The Universal Software Radio Peripheral, Daniel Keith Artis

Electrical Engineering

Software defined radios (SDRs) are versatile systems that integrate hardware and software to create a reprogrammable wireless system.  Due to the versatility and hardware requirements of a SDR, they are typically expensive and not always affordable for educational institutions.  GNU Radio is a free software package that allows users to do signal processing on any computer using python and C++.  Using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) board in conjunction with a standard personal computer (PC), a RF daughterboard, and the GNU Radio software, we can create a software defined radio that can transmit, receive, and process signals.  Because the …

Wirelessly Operated Pa Loudspeaker System For Rmax Search-And-Rescue Uav: A Preliminary Design, Travis Luke, Nolan Uchizono

Electrical Engineering

This paper discusses the approach used to implement a wireless PA loudspeaker system on a search-and-rescue RMAX UAV.

The purpose of this project is to allow the continuation of communication between search-and-rescue workers as well as potential rescuees in an environment that won't always allow it. Since rugged terrain tends to cause interference between two radio communications, there needs to be a way to bypass this problem. In addition, people in need of rescue are unlikely to be using a radio on an emergency frequency, so there needs to be a way to efficiently issue orders or evacuation notices without …

Laser Cursor, Michael Liman

Electrical Engineering

A user controls a cursor on a computer screen using a laser pointer.  A camera picks up the laser pointer’s position and sends the data to the computer to move the cursor in the correct position.

Discrete Alarm Clock, Travis Moore, Collin Barth

Electrical Engineering

The standard alarm clock, as used daily by millions worldwide, has clear room for modification and improvement.  This paper documents an implementation that rectifies many of these flaws.  Improvements include adjustable snooze length, an IR remote for ease of use, and an RF headset for discrete alarm use or potential incorporation into a device much like a hearing aid.  The processes involved in creating a digital alarm clock, as well as the obstacles met in the implementation of the enhanced design, are detailed within.

Wireless Sensor Network For Energy And Environmental Monitoring: Helping Old Buildings Go Green, Jacob Power

Electrical Engineering

Today, the rising cost of energy and social trend of “going green” has put increasing pressure on commercial property owners to improve the efficiency of their investments.  There is good reason for this, too.  In the State of California, office buildings represent the single largest user of energy in the commercial sector.  This project consisted of the design, implementation, construction, testing, and deployment of a wireless sensor network for energy and environmental monitoring in retrofit commercial office installations.  The analyzed data generated by this system can be used by building management and owners to identify areas of inefficiency within the …