Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Enhancing A Mid-Wave Infrared Fourier Transform Hyperspectral Imager For Explosions, James T. Stofel, Kody A. Wilson, Martin Larivière-Bastien, Anthony L. Franz, Michael L. Dexter

Faculty Publications

Capturing reliable hyperspectral imager data at a meaningful frame rate for explosions and other fast-changing scenes is not possible in the mid-wave infrared region under traditional sensor operating configurations and processing techniques, which typically have frame rates on the order of 0.5–2.0 Hz. To combat these shortcomings, the scene acquisition parameters were tailored for explosions and a new method for processing optical signatures of fast transient scenes with Fourier-transform infrared hyperspectral imagers was developed. For this technique, the instrument was first configured to collect asymmetric interferograms while optimizing the number of measurement points on the short side of the interferogram. …

Development Of Proposed Airworthiness Certification Criteria For Interference-Tolerant Radio Altimeter Systems, Matheus B. Furstenberger

Student Works

Radio altimeters provide height-above-ground information to flight deck displays and multiple safety-critical aircraft systems, however legacy certification standards were not developed for high-power terrestrial wireless services operating in adjacent C-Band spectrum. This study addressed the absence of a consolidated airworthiness certification framework for interference-tolerant radio altimeter systems installed on Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 25 transport category airplanes. An archival research synthesis was conducted using publicly available regulations, proposed and final rules, technical standard orders, advisory circulars, airworthiness directives, industry standards, spectrum-management documents, technical studies, and stakeholder comments. Qualitative content analysis and source triangulation were used to identify …

Understanding The Structural Drivers Of Useful Exergy Intensity, João Santos, Tiago Domingos, Tânia Sousa, Matthew Kuperus Heun, André Serrenho

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Energy-Economy Decomposition Analysis Across 112 Countries 1971-2020

Radio Frequency Resonate And Fire (Rf-Raf) Neurons Supporting Device Classification, David L. Weathers, Michael A. Temple, Brett J. Borghetti

Faculty Publications

Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFF) enables passive physical-layer device authentication by exploiting unintentional hardware variations in wireless transmitters. Neuromorphic implementations are attractive, given their potential for low-latency, energy-efficient inference capability under Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) constraints at the edge. A new RFF capability is demonstrated here using recently introduced Radio Frequency Resonate-and-Fire (RF-RAF) neurons and eight WirelessHART devices. Performance is evaluated for RF-RAF-generated fingerprints against the established Gabor Transform (GTX) baseline using three classifier architectures: Random Forest (RndF), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and a Time-Incremented Spiking Neural Network (TI-SNN). The results show that RF-RAF fingerprints achieve an average classification accuracy …

Control And Stability Analysis Of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters In Renewable Energy Systems, Yasser Ayeva

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The increase in demand for renewable energy sources such as solar and wind systems has led to widespread use and integration of a three-phase grid connected inverters in electric modern electric power systems. The inverters are essential to convert DC power into AC power and to control the delivered power to the grid. However, the use of the inverters in a renewable energy system has some challenges related to stability and control due to the presence of power electronic interfaces and filter dynamics. This paper analyzes the control and stability of three phase grid connected inverter through an LCL filter. …

A Holistic Modelling Framework For Functionally Safe Software Architectures In Embedded Control Systems, Thomas Barth

Doctoral

Embedded control systems are integral to most modern electrified products and an essential backbone of ongoing digitalisation [1]. In this context, these systems increasingly perform safety-critical functions where failures can lead to severe personal injury, environmental damage, or significant economic loss [2]. Consequently, they fall more often within the scope of regulation such as IEC 61508 and its derivatives [3]. At the same time, driven by hardware evolution and market demands, embedded control systems continue to grow in both integration density and functional complexity [4]. These demands necessitate structured development methods that balance compliance with cost-efficiency and development agility. A …

Optical Fiber Sensors Using Vernier Effect In Cascaded Fiber Interferometers, Zhouchen Wang

Dissertations

The optical Vernier effect has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance the sensitivity of optical fiber interferometer-based sensors, opening new opportunities for developing highly sensitive fiber sensing systems. Optical fiber interferometric sensors based on the Vernier effect are widely used for various applications due to their ultra-compact size, high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, electrical isolation, resistance to harsh environments, flexibility, multiplexing capability, and remote operation. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to gain a deeper fundamental understanding of the Vernier effect in optical fiber structures and to develop and investigate a series of novel Vernier effect optical …

Developing A Collaborative Tool To Foster Communication In Sustainability Research, Nina Hunter, Noëlle-Laetitia Perret, Martin Klepal

Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Climate change necessitates urgent responses based on knowledge produced by teams that transcend disciplinary boundaries, and with members whose work focuses on the generation of knowledge and on the application of knowledge, with some integrating both. Almost a third of Europe’s building stock consists of heritage buildings requiring renovation that is ideally sustainable as part of an energy transition response. The European transdisciplinary CALECHE study team with use-cases in France, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland aims to support decision-making on the sustainable renovation of heritage buildings, via research that employs co-design. However, team members are from various disciplines, with different skillsets …

Determining The Electric Field In A 10 Ns Pulsed Plasma In Fuel-Air Mixtures Using Efish, Md Ziaur Rahman, Christopher J. Kliewer, Brian D. Patterson, Chunqi Jiang

Bioelectrics Publications

Transient plasma ignition (TPI) utilizes non-equilibrium plasmas, produced by nanosecond high-voltage pulses, to improve lean-fuel combustion performance and reduce emission. It is known that the relatively high reduced electric field (E/N) in TPI plays an important role in generating energetic electrons and facilitating energy-efficient radical productions, resulting in reliable ignition for lean combustion. Determining the reduced electric field in the discharge is hence important for the understanding of the TPI process and ultimately allowing for the control of the plasma chemistry. This study reports spatiotemporally resolved measurements of the electric field (E) in a 10 ns pulsed plasma that is …

Physics-Informed Temperature Prediction Of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Decomposition-Enhanced Lstm And Bilstm Models, Seyed Saeed Madani, Yasmin Shabeer, Michael Fowler, Satyam Panchal, Carlos Ziebert, Hicham Chaoui, François Allard

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Accurately forecasting the operating temperature of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for preventing thermal runaway, extending service life, and ensuring the safe operation of electric vehicles and stationary energy-storage systems. This work introduces a unified, physics-informed, and data-driven temperature-prediction framework that integrates mathematically governed preprocessing, electrothermal decomposition, and sequential deep learning architectures. The methodology systematically applies the governing relations to convert raw temperature measurements into trend, seasonal, and residual components, thereby isolating long-term thermal accumulation, reversible entropy-driven oscillations, and irreversible resistive heating. These physically interpretable signatures serve as structured inputs to machine learning and deep learning models trained on temporally …

Automation And Habitat Development For A Space Based Marine Life Environment, Logan Trimmer, Alexander Hang

Harrisburg University Other Works

This project was a cross-collaboration between the Environmental Sciences and Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics programs for the company Monolith Space.

The goal of this project was to design an autonomous system to be able to track qualities of water in an aquaculture system designed to be sent to space.

A Portable Potentiostat Integrated With A Pt/Zno/Lig Electrode For Non-Enzymatic Glucose Detection, Reagan Aviha, Gymama Slaughter

Center for Bioelectronics Publications

Continuous glucose monitoring is critical for effective diabetes management; however, conventional benchtop potentiostats are bulky, costly, and unsuitable for decentralized point-of-care (PoC) applications. To address these limitations, this work presents a miniaturized, low-cost electrochemical sensing platform integrating a non-enzymatic glucose sensor with a portable potentiostat. The sensing electrode is based on laser-induced graphene modified with zinc oxide and platinum nanostructures via electrodeposition to enable sensitive glucose detection under physiological conditions. A custom-designed portable potentiostat was developed to control electrode potentials and perform electrochemical measurements, and its performance was experimentally validated against a commercial Metrohm system. Glucose detection was evaluated using …

Modern Potentiostat Architectures For Electrochemical Sensing: Design, Integration, And Future Directions, Reagan Aviha, Gymama Slaughter

Center for Bioelectronics Publications

Potentiostats are essential to electrochemical sensing, enabling precise control of electrode potentials and measurement of current responses. As demand grows for portable, wearable, and point-of-care systems, potentiostat design has evolved from benchtop instruments to compact, low-power, and wirelessly connected platforms. This review provides a comprehensive, system-level perspective on modern potentiostat architectures, covering operational principles, analog front-end design, signal generation and acquisition, communication protocols, and software integration. Unlike prior reviews that treat these aspects independently, this work integrates electrochemical theory with electronic design and data communication frameworks. Key components, including operational amplifiers, transimpedance amplifiers, DAC/ADC subsystems, and microcontroller-based control, are examined …

Optimal & Robust Control Of A Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter In Ev Systems, Yasser Ayeva

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper analyzes the performance of PI, LQR, and H∞ controllers for the regulation of a bidirectional buck boost converter in electric vehicle systems. To get the system state space equations, a continuous conduction average model is linearized. For analysis a PI controller will be used as baseline, the LQR controller will be used to improve transient response, and the H∞ controller will be used for the system robustness and disturbance rejection. The simulation results show that the advanced controllers surpass the PI controller in terms of overshoot, settling time, and voltage ripple, with the H∞ controller offering the best …

Abdominal Ultrasound Image Dataset For Organ Classification And Disease Detection, Sifat Zina Karim

Research Data

This is a dataset of Ultrasound (US) images of abdominal organs. US imaging is widely accessible and a very common diagnostic tool, as it is non-invasive and does not involve radiation risk. This dataset was curated solely for research in deep learning, with potential applications in supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised learning to support disease detection in resource-constrained settings.

The dataset comprises 5,468 unique images organized into ten anatomical categories: Abdominal Aorta (0), Gallbladder (1), Hepatic Vein (2), Kidneys (3), Liver (4), Ovaries (5), Pancreas (6), Portal Vein (7), Spleen (8), and a composite Pelvic Urinary/Reproductive category (9), comprising the Urinary …

Authenticating Electronic Devices Via Multi Tone Analysis, Carl Bohman Jr., Aaron Jennings, Christian Eakins, Mark B. Skouson, Richard Ott, Jamin Mccue

AFIT Patents

Methods and systems for authenticating electronic devices via multi tone analysis. A method for authenticating a device under test (DUT) of a type of DUT includes imparting voltage tones to the DUT. The voltage tones are proximate a frequency of interest that is associated with the type of DUT. Using a measurement response of the DUT to the voltage tones, an electronic signature of the DUT is determined. The DUT is determined to be authentic when the electronic signature of the DUT substantially matches an electronic signature of an authority DUT of the type of DUT.

Modeling An Energy Management System For Residential Hybrid Ac/Dc Power Networks, Theodor Buerchner, Giovanni Malone, Alex Maldonado

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

In pursuit of supporting the global efforts in reducing carbon footprint and reliance on fossil fuels, this project seeks to continue the development of a hybrid AC/DC house prototype at Cal Poly State University. To enhance the power flow to DC loads, a dedicated 48 V DC bus will be constructed to replace the impractical multiple DC buses in the previous system. This iteration will also add a key feature that enables users to monitor real-time AC and DC powers. Another new functionality will involve the provision of a mix of latching and non-latching relays to switch between sources, thus …

An Event-Based Time-Incremented Snn Architecture Supporting Energy-Efficient Device Classification, David L. Weathers, Michael A. Temple, Brett J. Borghetti

Faculty Publications

Recent advances in Radio Frequency (RF)-based device classification have shown promise in enabling secure and efficient wireless communications. However, the energy efficiency and low-latency processing capabilities of neuromorphic computing have yet to be fully leveraged in this domain. This paper is a first step toward enabling an end-to-end neuromorphic system for RF device classification, specifically supporting development of a neuromorphic classifier that enforces temporal causality without requiring non-neuromorphic classifier pre-training. This Spiking Neural Network (SNN) classifier streamlines the development of an end-to-end neuromorphic device classification system, further expanding the energy efficiency gains of neuromorphic processing to the realm of RF …

Assessing Cascaded Op-Amp And Pre-Current Amplifier Configurations In Transimpedance Amplifier Interfacing Circuits For Nano-Scale Current-Based Sensor Applications, Mohamed Mamdouh, Sameh O. Abdellatif

Electrical Engineering

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of two proposed configurations for current-to-voltage converters tailored for nano-scale current-based sensor applications, focusing on key performance metrics such as linearity, dynamic range, DC noise immunity, and power losses. The evaluation employed frequency-dependent analyses, including transient response, step response, input impedance, and frequency-dependent noise spectra, to compare a cascaded double output configuration with a pre-current amplifier design. The results indicate a trade-off between dynamic range and linearity, with the pre-current amplifier demonstrating a higher dynamic range but lower linearity compared to the cascaded configuration. Additionally, the current amplifier configuration exhibited advantages in power consumption …

Performance Analysis Of Pem Fuel Cells Via Puma Optimizer With The Aid Of Practical Verifications, Hossamm Ashraf, Sameh O. Abdellatif, Mahmoud M. Elkholy \, Attia A. El-Fergany

Electrical Engineering

This manuscript presents a novel application of the recently developed Puma Optimizer (PO) for identifying the unknown parameters in Mann’s model, which is widely used for characterizing the behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The proposed PO-based methodology is rigorously evaluated using three test cases. One test case involves experimental I–V measurements under various operating conditions from a commercial PEMFC stack, the Horizon H-100 (100 W), which was assembled and tested in the laboratory. The other two cases are established benchmark PEMFC systems, the Ballard Mark V 5 kW and BCS 500 W units. Comprehensive statistical analyses over …

Measurement Of Moisture Levels In Oils And Lubricants Using A Novel Moisture Sensor, Aaron Swartz, Ronak Ali

Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Research

It is very challenging to measure moisture levels in oils. There is not a good method to measure it. Using the novel moisture sensor invented by Dr. Zhi David Chen, we tried various methods to measure the moisture levels in oils. The initial trials are to immerse the sensor chip into the oils to see any sensor reading changes with the change of moisture levels in oils. It was observed that the sensor reading was unstable even after immersion into the oil for two weeks. The idea for immersion of the sensor chip into the oils failed due to the …

Development Of A Cost-Effective Daq For Measuring Brake Performance In Race Cars, Adrin Alias

2025 Spring Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

This project explores the feasibility of creating a cost-effective data acquisition (DAQ) system for high-speed, real-time brake performance testing of Formula SAE racecars. The research addresses the limitations of the current MoTeC DAQ system currently employed by the team, which is costly and time-consuming to set up for on-car testing. The team will use a brake dynamometer for steady-state comparisons of different brake pad compounds (senior design project), but evaluating real-world performance requires on-car testing. By systematically comparing various hardware platforms, sensors, communication protocols, and storage solutions, this project aims to balance cost-efficiency with reliability and performance. The research evaluates …

Finding Groundwater With Electricity: Research And Testing Of An Electro-Resistive Ground-Surveying Device For Use In Well-Drilling Applications, Samuel L. Heath

Senior Honors Theses

A custom-built electro-resistive water detection device is tested under various conditions to evaluate its overall performance and sensitivity to changing variables. The tests, designed to assess accuracy and precision, revealed that the prototype exhibits high reliability (~ 99%) for both Schlumberger and Wenner arrays across different electrode spacings and soil conditions. Moreover, the measured resistivity values from the soil tests aligned with established literature ranges for each soil type. The device also showed the ability to consistently detect changes in soil water content by producing measurable variations in resistivity. At a total cost of $181, this prototype can serve as …

Utilizing Machine Learning To Predict The Charge Storage Capability Of Lithium-Ion Battery Materials, Manoj Chhetri, Karen S. Martirosyan

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

With the increasing demand for high-performance batteries in applications such as electric vehicles and portable electronics, accurately predicting the charge storage capacity of battery materials is crucial for developing more efficient and reliable energy storage systems. Machine Learning (ML) and data-driven approaches, plays a vital role in enhancing our understanding of Li-ion battery performance, guiding materials design, optimizing system efficiency, and accelerating innovation in energy storage technologies. In this study, an ML-based approach was applied to a dataset of 2345 rechargeable Li-ion battery materials, obtained from the Materials Project online portal, to predict gravimetric charge storage capacity ─ a key …

Determining The Transient Electric Field And The Effect Of Pulse Repetition Frequency On The Field In A Repetitive 10-Ns Pulsed Discharge In A Quiescent Ch₄-Air Mixture, Chunqi Jiang

Bioelectrics Publications

The goal of this research is to understand the underlying physics enabled by nanosecond pulsed power in a discharge initiation and the following physicochemical processes that favor lean-fuel plasma ignition for combustion. The hypothesis of this project is that pulsed power waveforms such as the pulse repetition frequency (PRF), voltage amplitude, and dielectric surface alter the reduced electric field during the initiation of the discharge, resulting in different plasma properties, which will vary the physicochemical processes for efficient and selective radical productions. This is especially important for lean-burn combustion and reducing emission.

Rheology Of Alumina Suspensions Subjected To Alternating Current Electric Fields For Freeze-Casting, Sivakumar Chithamallu, Ruksana Baby, Jacob L. Jones, Dipankar Ghosh

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Alternating current (AC) electric field can extrinsically tune freeze‐cast microstructure, originating from field‐induced increase in viscosity of ceramic suspensions. However, the changes that occur in a ceramic suspension and rheological behavior, ultimately affecting freeze‐cast microstructure, are not well understood. Moreover, the effects of AC electrokinetic forces and temperature on viscosity need to be decoupled. The viscosity and temperature of ceramic suspensions subjected to AC field and direct heating were measured, revealing that the increase in viscosity is due to AC dielectrophoretic forces rather than field‐induced heating of suspension. The shear thinning behavior of suspensions characterized using a power‐law model reveals …

Solid Loading Effects On The Assembly Of Alumina Particles In Aqueous Suspensions Due To The Dielectrophoretic Forces, Sivakumar Chithamallu, Rohan Kiran Parai, Dipankar Ghosh

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Current work in situ investigated the mechanisms of the interparticle interactions that evolve in dilute aqueous alumina suspensions subjected to alternating current (AC) electric field and the effects of solid loading of suspensions. The interactions were investigated for alumina suspension compositions in the 0.005‒0.04 vol.% solid loading range. Field‐induced interactions evolved via particle motion and dynamic assembly, chain formation parallel to the direction of the applied field and chain growth, chain cross‐linking, and chain thickening. The evolution time of each of those events was rapidly accelerated with solid loading. While chain cross‐linking was negligible in low solid loading suspensions, a …

Identification Of Π-Stacking Motifs In Naphthalene Diimides Via Solid-State Nmr, Jennifer E. Mejia, Hannah E. Butler-Au, Nalaya E. Thompson, Karcher D. Goodman, Elizabeth R. Zengel, Robert D. Pike, Jingdong Mao, Craig A. Bayse

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Organic electronics, featuring π-conjugated small molecules and polymers, have gained significant attention for their potential in flexible, lightweight devices. However, characterization of the ordered, π-stacking domains within these materials using microscopy or X-ray diffraction (XRD) is challenging with complex systems or when crystallography is impractical. This study applied 1D ¹³C multiple cross-polarization magic angle spinning (multiCP/MAS) and 2D ¹H-¹³C heteronuclear correlation (HetCor) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to systematically characterize π-stacking motifs in a series of N,N'-dialkyl naphthalene diimides (NDIs). These techniques were shown to distinguish between the electronic environments attributed to different π-stacking motifs adopted in these NDIs, such …

The Effect Of Electrode Geometry On Excited Species Production In Atmospheric Pressure Air-Hydrogen Streamer Discharge, Shirshak Kumar Dhali, Stuart Reyes

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

When a gas is overvolted at or near atmospheric pressure, it results in a streamer discharge formation. Electrode geometries exert significant impact on the electrical breakdown of gases by altering the spatial profile of the electric field. In many applications the efficient generation of radicals is critical and is determined by the characteristics of the streamer discharge. We examine the effect of electrode geometry on the streamer characteristics and the production of radicals. This is performed for three different electrode geometries: plane–plane, pin–plane, and pin–pin. A two-dimensional rotationally symmetric fluid model is used for the streamer discharge simulation in the …

The Effect Of Electrode Geometry On Excited Species Production In Atmospheric Pressure Air–Hydrogen Streamer Discharge, Shirshak Kumar Dhali, Stuart Reyes

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

When a gas is overvolted at or near atmospheric pressure, it results in a streamer discharge formation. Electrode geometries exert significant impact on the electrical breakdown of gases by altering the spatial profile of the electric field. In many applications the efficient generation of radicals is critical and is determined by the characteristics of the streamer discharge. We examine the effect of electrode geometry on the streamer characteristics and the production of radicals. This is performed for three different electrode geometries: plane–plane, pin–plane, and pin–pin. A two-dimensional rotationally symmetric fluid model is used for the streamer discharge simulation in the …