Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Re-Envisioning Electric Railway Power Systems In Dense Urban Regions, Rohama Ahmad

Dissertations and Theses

Grid decarbonization and modernization are key requisites to combat global warming. Decarbonization entails the deployment of renewable energy sources, improving the energy efficiency of major consumers, and the electrification of the transportation and building sectors. Various US states and cities have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (e.g., the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) in New York aims to reduce emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 and then to 85% below 1990 levels by 2050) via a set of targets in terms of renewable energy, energy storage system (ESS) capacity, and the number of electric …

Design And Characterization Of 2.4ghz Antennas For Wireless Sensor Applications, Luis Zogby Brennan

Dissertations and Theses

Wireless sensor networks benefit greatly from advances in circuit integration and miniaturization. However, antennas are bound to specific geometries both in terms of fundamental limits and their response to immediate surroundings. As such, various successful techniques for antenna miniaturization must still be carefully tested and characterized as part of the design process of a sensor system. The work presented here fully characterizes a number of miniaturized 2.4GHz antennas and successfully integrates designs into a sensor system using the highly integrated Single Chip Micro Mote (SCµM), which uses a crystal-less radio design resulting in the requirement of only a …

Blockchain Framework For Secured On-Demand Patient Health Records Sharing, Meryem Abouali

Dissertations and Theses

As the healthcare industry continues to digitize and share patient data for a better understanding of patient health history, cybersecurity must remain a top priority. However, patient health record (PHR) data is extremely sensitive and faces significant challenges due to its distributed nature across various healthcare facilities and providers, which creates a lack of interoperability among healthcare systems. Most patient health record systems adopt a centralized management structure and deploy PHRs to the cloud, which raises privacy concerns when sharing patient information over a network. Thus, there is a need for a framework that considers patient privacy and data security …

Lidar Remote Sensing Of Aerosol And Ozone Profiles And Application To Air Quality Studies In New York City Area, Dingdong Li

Dissertations and Theses

Ozone (O₃) and PM2.5 (Particulate Matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) are the main pollutants in New York City (NYC) due to high levels of anthropogenic emissions, complex urban meteorology, and regional transport. However, vertical distribution observations are still lacking. This thesis utilizes lidar remote sensing techniques to retrieve the vertical distribution of O₃ and aerosols and study air pollution episodes in the NYC metropolitan area.

The thesis includes three parts. The first part analyzes continuous ceilometer observations of aerosols and atmospheric mixed-layer height (ML). We investigate the vertical, diurnal, and seasonal characteristics of the …

Battery Energy Storage Systems Applications And Deployment In Dense Urban Areas, Mohamed K. Kamaludeen

Dissertations and Theses

Energy Storage has emerged as an important focus of the U.S. federal government, which has established the goal of developing global leadership in energy storage and has a near-term focus on strengthening the supply chain, manufacturing, and funding streams available to achieve the overarching objectives. At the state level, similar efforts are underway in which policy objectives have set aggressive targets around energy storage deployment. New York State, through its landmark climate act “CLCPA” and subsequent Energy Storage roadmap 2.0, has set one of the most aggressive goals in the Country targeting 6,000MW of energy storage by 2030. While much …

Use Of Battery Systems For Var Support In Con Edison’S Distribution Network/Substation, Elihu Nyemah

Dissertations and Theses

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can facilitate the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and help create a more reliable grid by providing multiple services including reactive power (VAR) support. This research will investigate the use of smart inverters to provide VAR support, assess the impact it has on the lifetime of a BESS and determine how the adverse effects (if any) can be mitigated/eliminated. To achieved this, a 7.5MW/30MWh grid connected BESS located at Con Edison substations have been modeled in MATLAB/Simulink. Preliminary assessment of the system showed that DC current to/from the battery is oscillating (non-zero) during reactive …

Wave Engineering In Time Modulated, Nonlinear, And Anisotropic Metamaterials, Ahmed Mekawy

Dissertations and Theses

Leveraging wave matter interactions is central to a myriad of electromagnetic wave-based applications. During the past decades, research on extreme wave manipulation has been revolutionized by artificially engineered materials (metamaterials) and by adding new aspects to the wave-matter interactions that showed intriguing results inaccessible in conventional linear, time invariant (LTI), passive and isotropic media. In this work, I will explore, numerically and experimentally, the possibility of realizing devices that perform beyond or close to their fundamental LTI limitations by adding periodic modulation, nonlinearity, and gain. I will demonstrate these concepts at radio frequencies (RF) and at optical frequencies. Specifically, at …

Coordinated Control For Dc Energy Hubs Involving Ders, Evs, And Subway Systems, Rohama Ahmad

Dissertations and Theses

No abstract provided.

Voltage Security Optimization For Power Transmission Systems, Tamer Ibrahim

Dissertations and Theses

This project proposes an optimization approach for day-ahead reactive power planning to ensure voltage security in transmission networks. The problem is formulated as a voltage-secure multi-period optimal reactive power dispatch (MP-ORPD) problem. The optimization approach searches for optimal set-points of dynamic and static reactive power (var) resources. Specifically, the output includes set-points for switching shunts, transformer taps, and voltage magnitudes at the regulated buses. The primary goal is to maximize the dynamic reactive power reserve of the system, by minimizing the reactive power supplied by synchronous generators. The secondary goal is to minimize changes in the settings of switching shunts …

Ict-Enabled Control And Energy Management Of Community Microgrids For Resilient Smart Grid Operation, Mahmoud Saleh

Dissertations and Theses

Our research has focused on developing novel controllers and algorithms to enhance the resilience of the power grid and increase its readiness level against major disturbances.

The U.S. power grid currently encounters two main challenges: (1) the massive and extended blackouts caused by natural disasters, such as hurricane Sandy. These blackouts have raised a national call to explore innovative approaches for enhanced grid resiliency. Scrutinizing how previous blackouts initiated and propagated throughout the power grid, the major reasons are lack of situational awareness, lack of real-time monitoring and control, underdeveloped controllers at both the transmission and distribution levels, and lack …

Software Defined Radio For Hybrid Beamforming Applications, Jianyet Lee

Dissertations and Theses

Beamforming techniques have been deployed in both licensed networks such as LTE network and unlicensed network such as IEEE802.11ac WiFi. The scope of work for this thesis is to leverage the benefits of beamforming techniques and software defined radio platform in developing a fully functioning LTE testbed. The testbed can be further developed to specific application for drone-to-drone or D2D communication independent of intervention from base stations. Applying beamforming techniques to devices such as drones can solve poor quality signal detection at the receivers due to the interference signals generated by other devices in the attempt to communicate with the …

A Case Study On Grid Impacts Of Electric Vehicles On New York City Power Grid, Amir Abbas Rizvi

Dissertations and Theses

The U.S. electric power industry is anticipating a huge increase in electricity demand in the future due to reformation of the transportation industry. In this work, we focus on electric cars and their impact on the transportation industry as well as the electric grid. The increase in number of electric cars over the years and their growing number indicates that in the future, transportation means are going to largely depend upon electricity to achieve cost and environmental benefits. In other words, in future, the transportation will be impacting the electric grid and vice versa.

The surge in electric vehicles on …

A Quantification Analysis On Potential Use Of Recuperated Regenerative Braking Energy From Nyct Subways Into Charging Electric Buses, Ahmed S. Rahman

Dissertations and Theses

The New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is one of the biggest consumers of electricity in east coast of the United States. According to a report published by Dayton T. Brown in 2013, MTA consumes approximately 2150 GWh electrical energy per year for traction power, where the New York City Transit (NYCT) alone is a consumer of about 80% of the total annual MTA energy consumption. This continuous high demand for electricity from a single organization opens research opportunities to search for alternative ways to reduce the needs. NYCT Subways has an existing total rolling stock of 6,418 train cars …

Data Driven Approach For Increasing Power Grid Situational Awareness And Mitigating Cascaded Failures, Yassine Mhandi

Dissertations and Theses

The main purpose of this thesis is to use Artificial Neural network as a tool to monitor system health and performance. In other word Using ANN can increase the system awareness and can be used as a tool to mitigate cascade failure in power grid due to loss of communication in a critical power node and as a result avoid catastrophic phenomena like electric blackout. In this thesis, a modified IEEE 30 bus system is used as a system under study. Modified IEE 30 bus system is IEEE 30 bus system in which 2 sets of its synchronous condensers changed …

Understanding Adversarial Training: Improve Image Recognition Accuracy Of Convolution Neural Network, Naoki Ishibashi

Dissertations and Theses

Traditional methods of computer vision and machine learning cannot match human performance on tasks such as the recognition of handwritten digits. Recently many researchers work on Convolution Neural Network for image recognition, and get results as good as human being. Additionally, Image recognition task is getting more popular and high demand to apply to other fields, but also there are still many problems to utilize in everyday life. One of these problems is that several machine learning models, including neural networks, consistently misclassify adversarial examples—inputs formed by applying small but intentionally worst-case perturbations to examples from the dataset, such that …

Assessing Performance Of Ncep Rapid Refresh Model To Predict Boundary Layer Properties, David Daniel

Dissertations and Theses

There is a need to be able to estimate the relative humidity in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) since relative humidity can affect aerosol retrieval. Satellite retrievals of Relative Humidity are extremely complicated since they need to resolve 1km vertical resolution for temperature and water vapor. The AIRS hyperspectral sensor may be able to retrieve relative humidity with 20% RMSE but low correlations with R² – 0.4. The alternative is to explore meteorological forecasts (i.e. Rapid Refresh) to see if we can use them in the processing stream for aerosols. While the state of delay zero is assimilated, the …

Material Characterization Of Zinc Oxide In Bulk And Nanowire Form At Terahertz Frequencies, Forest Emerson Kernan

Dissertations and Theses

Many new applications are being proposed and developed for use in the terahertz (THz) frequency region. Similarly, many new materials are being characterized for possible use in this area. Nanostructured forms are of particular interest since they may yield desirable properties, but they remain especially challenging to characterize. This work focuses on the characterization of zinc oxide (ZnO) in bulk and nanowire form. A method for characterizing nanostructures at THz by use of a parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) is presented. This method is novel in that it is simple, both in theory and practice, and does not require the use of …

Measurement And Modeling Of Passive Surface Mount Devices On Fr4 Substrates, Rahulkumar Sadanand Koche

Dissertations and Theses

Passive components like resistors, capacitors and inductors are used in every electronic system. These are the very basic components which affect the system performance at higher frequencies and it is necessary to understand and model the behavior of these components in a very accurate manner. This work focuses on utilizing Printed Circuit Board (PCB) test boards, or fixtures, made of FR4 for characterizing Surface Mount Device (SMD) components. Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS) microwave circuit simulation software was used for designing the microstrip transmission lines as well as for generating the layout for manufacturing of the PCB. SMD resistors, capacitors …

Memristor-Based Reservoir Computing, Manjari S. Kulkarni

Dissertations and Theses

In today's nanoscale era, scaling down to even smaller feature sizes poses a significant challenge in the device fabrication, the circuit, and the system design and integration. On the other hand, nanoscale technology has also led to novel materials and devices with unique properties. The memristor is one such emergent nanoscale device that exhibits non-linear current-voltage characteristics and has an inherent memory property, i.e., its current state depends on the past. Both the non-linear and the memory property of memristors have the potential to enable solving spatial and temporal pattern recognition tasks in radically different ways from traditional binary transistor-based …

Demodulation Of Narrowband Radio Frequency Signals By Aliasing Sampling, Chun-Ching Lin

Dissertations and Theses

The objective of this thesis is to study the demodulation of narrowband radio frequency signals by aliasing sampling in order to reduce the sampling rate. The spectrum can be recreated at the lower frequency position by aliasing sampling. However, if the sampling rate is deviated from the desired one, error will occur. The sensitivity to the frequency error of aliasing sampling is studied.

One main reason of the deviation of the sampling rate is the frequency drifting of the local oscillator. Being able to compensate the oscillator drifting errors inexpensively, automatic frequency control (AFC) loops are important at receivers. Two …

Adaptive Color Correlation Of Knots In Wood Images And Weighted-Value Product Selection Methods In A Machine Vision System, John Robert Goulding

Dissertations and Theses

The biggest obstacle to robust color image processing of wood is in developing a color model that represents all possible defect colors. When the color model is too general or too specific, defect recognition fails because too many or too few non-defect pixels match the model, respectively. Because a color image of wood contains far more clear and clear-grain colored pixels than grain-knot and knot colored pixels, it is beneficial to first statistically identify and remove the clear and clear-grain colors and to use the accumulated data to simultaneously enhance and normalize the remaining grainknot and knot colored pixels. This …

Seasonal Hidden Markov Models For Stochastic Time Series With Periodically Varying Characteristics, Arthur M. Lewis

Dissertations and Theses

Novel seasonal hidden Markov models (SHMMs) for stochastic time series with periodically varying characteristics are developed. Nonlinear interactions among SHMM parameters prevent the use of the forward-backward algorithms which are usually used to fit hidden Markov models to a data sequence. Instead, Powell's direction set method for optimizing a function is repeatedly applied to adjust SHMM parameters to fit a data sequence. SHMMs are applied to a set of meteorological data consisting of 9 years of daily rain gauge readings from four sites. The fitted models capture both the annual patterns and the short term persistence of rainfall patterns across …

Automatic Synthesis Of Vlsi Layout For Analog Continuous-Time Filters, David Lyle Robinson

Dissertations and Theses

Automatic synthesis of digital VLSI layout has been available for many years. It has become a necessary part of the design industry as the window of time from conception to production shrinks with ever increasing competition. However, automatic synthesis of analog VLSI layout remains rare.

With digital circuits, there is often room for signal drift. In a digital circuit, a signal can drift within a range before hitting the threshold which triggers a change in logic state. The effect of parasitic capacitances for the most part, hinders the timing margins of the signal, but not its functionality. The logic functionality …

Erp Analysis Using Matched Filtering And Wavelet Transform, Xueming Lin

Dissertations and Theses

Event related potentials (ERP's) carry very important information that relates to the performance of the brain functions of the human being. Further studies have identified that one component, in particular, P₃₀₀, is affected by the memory process. Matched filter is used to improved the SNR of signal ERP's. We use the output of the matched filter to distinguish the difference of the waveforms between normal subjects and memory-impaired subjects. In our study, we found that the peak values of the matched filtering output were different between normal subjects and memoryimpaired subjects. Also, as an application, wavelet transform is …

Logic Synthesis With High Testability For Cellular Arrays, Andisheh Sarabi

Dissertations and Theses

The new Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies and their structures have opened up new approaches to logic design and synthesis. The main feature of an FPGA is an array of logic blocks surrounded by a programmable interconnection structure. Cellular FPGAs are a special class of FPGAs which are distinguished by their fine granularity and their emphasis on local cell interconnects. While these characteristics call for specialized synthesis tools, the availability of logic gates other than Boolean AND, OR and NOT in these architectures opens up new possibilities for synthesis. Among the possible realizations of Boolean functions, XOR logic is …

Modeling And Simulation Of Bipolar Transistor At Low Temperature, Swarupa Madhav Nerurkar

Dissertations and Theses

The BICMOS technology which integrates the CMOS technology with bipolar technology has drawn considerable attention as an attractive VLSI technology because of the high speed performance and low power consumption of the BICMOS. However, continued down scaling of CMOS devices has caused increased concerns with problems such as latch up, hot carriers and short channel effect. Most of the above mentioned problems can be avoided by operating the CMOS at liquid-nitrogen temperature(LNT). At low-temperatures, the CMOS exhibits lower sub threshold leakage, higher carrier mobility (which yields improved speed performance), and a steeper logarithmic currentvoltage slope. On the other hand, the …

Pattern Recognition And Erp Waveform Analysis Using Wavelet Transform, Hong Qi

Dissertations and Theses

Wavelet transform provides an alternative to the classical Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). In contrast to the STFT, which uses a single analysis window, the Wavelet Transform uses shorter windows at higher frequencies and longer windows at lower frequencies. For some particular wavelet functions, the local maxima of the wavelet transform correspond to the sharp variation points of the signal. As an application, wavelet transform is introduced to the character recognition. Local maximum of wavelet transform is used as a local feature to describe character boundary. The wavelet method performs well in the presence of noise. The maximum of wavelet transform …

Automatic Tuning Of Integrated Filters Using Neural Networks, Lutz Henning Lenz

Dissertations and Theses

Component values of integrated filters vary considerably due to· manufacturing tolerances and environmental changes. Thus it is of major importance that the components of an integrated filter be electronically tunable. The method explored in this thesis is the transconductance-C-method.

A method of realizing higher-order filters is to use a cascade structure of second-order filters. In this context, a method of tuning second-order filters becomes important.

The research objective of this thesis is to determine if the Neural Network methodology can be used to facilitate the filter tuning process for a second-order filter (realized via the transconductance-C-method). Since this thesis is, …

Unified Bias Analysis Of Subspace-Based Doa Estimation Algorithms, Yang Lu

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis presents the unified bias analysis of subspace-based DOA estimation algorithms in terms of physical parameters such as source separation, signal coherence, number of senors and snapshots. The analysis reveals the direct relationship between the performance of the DOA algorithms and signal measurement conditions. Insights into different algorithms are provided. Based upon previous first-order subspace perturbations, second-order subspace perturbations are developed which provide basis for bias analysis and unification. Simulations verifying the theoretical bias analysis are presented.

Waveform Estimation With Jitter Noise By Pseudo Symmetrical Probability Density Function, Wei-Da Hao

Dissertations and Theses

A new method for solving jitter noise in estimating high frequency waveform is proposed. It reduces the bias of the estimation in those points where all the other methods fail to achieve. It provides preliminary models for estimating percentiles in Normal, Exponential probability density function. Based on the model for Normal probability density function, a model for any probability density function is derived. The resulting percentiles, in turn, are used as estimates for the amplitude of the waveform. Simulation results show us with satisfactory accuracy.