Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (12)
- Physics (9)
- Power and Energy (9)
- Other Electrical and Computer Engineering (7)
- Materials Science and Engineering (6)
-
- Signal Processing (4)
- Systems and Communications (4)
- Electronic Devices and Semiconductor Manufacturing (3)
- Engineering Physics (3)
- Optics (3)
- Other Materials Science and Engineering (3)
- Semiconductor and Optical Materials (3)
- Chemistry (2)
- Computer Sciences (2)
- Condensed Matter Physics (2)
- Manufacturing (2)
- Mechanical Engineering (2)
- Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering (2)
- Plasma and Beam Physics (2)
- Applied Mathematics (1)
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (1)
- Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (1)
- Computational Engineering (1)
- Controls and Control Theory (1)
- Engineering Science and Materials (1)
- Industrial Technology (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Keyword
-
- 4-ethylenedioxythiophene); Polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) (1)
- 5G mobile communication system; Base station; Butler matrix; Multibeam array antenna; Single-layer (1)
- Aluminum nitride; Pulsed atomic-layer epitaxy; Dislocation density; Atomically-flat surface; Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- CMOS (1)
-
- CMOS; High linearity; IM3 cancellation; Front-end receiver; Wireless receivers (1)
- Cable Insulation (1)
- Cadence Virtuoso (1)
- Conduction charge mechanism (1)
- Crystal oscillator (XO) (1)
- Dark pulse (1)
- Distributed generation (1)
- Distribution network reconfiguration; Distributed generations; Artificial neural networks; Variable load; Voltage profile (1)
- Electric power systems (1)
- Electric transformers (1)
- Electrical cruiser board; Mechanical properties; Climate change; Electrical cruiser board (1)
- Energy injection (1)
- Fault-tolerant drives; Field-oriented control; Six-phase machines; Machine parameter; Voltage limit (1)
- Ferranti Effect (1)
- Few-mode FBG (FMFBG); Multi-parameter sensing; Polariscopic technique; Spatial-mode properties; Multiple reflection wavelength peaks (1)
- Fibre laser; Q-switching; Mode-locking; Metal saturable absorber; Biomedicine (1)
- Filamentary conduction (1)
- Fractional calculus (1)
- Frequency instability; Cascaded Blackout; Under frequency load Shedding; Load priority; Polynomial regression; Mixed-integer linear programming (1)
- High Voltage (HV) (1)
- Image recognition; Feature extraction; Classification; Smart manufacturing; Data analytics (1)
- Internet-of-Things (IoT) (1)
- Laser Discharge Scheme; Nitrogen Laser; Arc Array Amplifier; Short Wavelength Lasers; Electrical Discharge Pumping (1)
- Load Flow Study (1)
- Load variations (1)
Articles 1 - 27 of 27
Full-Text Articles in Electrical and Electronics
Design Of Fast Start-Up High-Q Oscillator For Wireless Sensor Nodes Transceiver Frequency Reference, Abdolraouf Rahmani
Design Of Fast Start-Up High-Q Oscillator For Wireless Sensor Nodes Transceiver Frequency Reference, Abdolraouf Rahmani
Student Works (2020-2029)
With the prevalence of wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), optimizing power in battery-powered wireless nodes is crucial due to the inconvenience and cost of replacing batteries in remote areas. Synchronized power modulation between "Sleep" and "Active" states, known as burst mode activation, allows nodes to conserve power. However, frequent transitions between these states consume significant energy, highlighting the need to reduce the start-up time of the slowest component, the high-Q crystal oscillator. Additionally, to ensure improved synchronization within the network and a cost-effective IoT device manufacturing, the device should be produced with low start-up time variations …
Bright And Dark Pulsed Fiber Lasers Based On Multimode Interference, Yu Chen
Bright And Dark Pulsed Fiber Lasers Based On Multimode Interference, Yu Chen
Student Works (2020-2029)
Pulsed lasers, particularly ultrashort pulsed lasers, find widespread application across various fields including telecommunications, bio-imaging, spectroscopy, atmospheric measurements, surgery, and material processing. This study focuses on harnessing the potential of the single mode-multimode-single mode (SMS) structure as a robust avenue for developing simple, compact, and cost-effective bright and dark pulsed erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs). The SMS configuration serves as an ingenious artificial saturable absorber (SA), facilitating the generation of ultrashort pulsed lasers through the Kerr Effect with nonlinear multimode interference. By precisely fusion-splicing single mode fibers to both ends of a designated length of multimode fiber, the SMS architecture is …
High Quality Single-Crystalline Aluminum Nitride Grown Using Pulsed Atomic-Layer Epitaxy Technique By Mocvd On Sapphire Substrate, Mohd Nazri Abd Rahman
High Quality Single-Crystalline Aluminum Nitride Grown Using Pulsed Atomic-Layer Epitaxy Technique By Mocvd On Sapphire Substrate, Mohd Nazri Abd Rahman
Student Works (2020-2029)
The unique structural properties and engineering characteristics of nitride-based materials have given them a special position in semiconductor applications. Alloys with a tuned energy bandgap from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths are possible to be deposited in maintaining the wurtzite crystal structure. However, the aluminum nitride / aluminum gallium nitride (AlN/AlGaN) based hetero-structures for deep-ultraviolet (DUV) emitters as well as AlN-based actuators and piezoelectric sensors are highly inefficient owing to the excessive mismatch in thermal and lattice features between these epilayers with flat c-plane sapphire substrates, resulting in crack formation and high dislocation densities. This thesis mainly focuses on the development …
A Pi Based Coordinated Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller For Grid Connected Photovoltaic System, Md Haidar Islam
A Pi Based Coordinated Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller For Grid Connected Photovoltaic System, Md Haidar Islam
Student Works (2020-2029)
The global demand for electric energy has continuously increased over the last few decades. Photovoltaic (PV) sources are predicted to become one of the biggest contributors to electricity generation among all renewable energy generation candidates by 2040. The photovoltaic system a renewable energy source that has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The power output of a photovoltaic system has a complex dependence on varying environmental conditions such as solar irradiation and ambient temperature which cannot be controlled, thereby making the current versus voltage (I-V) and power versus voltage (P-V) characteristics of photovoltaic arrays nonlinear. Therefore, maximum power …
Investigation Of The Interfacial Energy Level Within Organic Semiconducting Devices, Wong Wah Seng
Investigation Of The Interfacial Energy Level Within Organic Semiconducting Devices, Wong Wah Seng
Student Works (2020-2029)
This main goal of this research is investigating the interfacial energy level of organic semiconducting devices by correlated to the devices performance as well as physical/chemical change in the blended/mixed organic semiconductor system. The first project reported the high efficiency extra warm white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs) by blending tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TcTa) to poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK). The hole current for PVK:TcTa (60:40) increased by one order of magnitude in hole only device, but the current efficiency of WOLEDs improved only by 7% compared to pristine PVK. Using Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), it was discovered the hole injection barrier between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene …
Dual-Band Doherty Power Amplifier With The Improvement Of Reactance Compensation Technique For Lte Frequency Operations, Yu Li Ming
Student Works (2020-2029)
A dual-band selection of Doherty power amplifier employing a Reactance Compensation Technique (RCT) with Gallium Nitride High-Electron-Mobility-Transistor (GaN HEMT) technology is presented. In this dissertation, the focus has been given to the design power amplifier in Doherty configuration, where it can operate at dual-band frequency and enhanced performances at 6 dB back-off from saturation power. This project applied lossy matching circuit for the input matching network and incorporated the primary motivation of using RCT and third harmonic tuning for the output matching network. The DPA designed can achieve satisfying results for the frequency of 0.8 and 2.1 GHz. The implementation …
Characterization Of Spatial-Mode Properties In Few-Mode Fiber Bragg Gratings And Its Applications, Muhammad Khairol Annuar Zaini
Characterization Of Spatial-Mode Properties In Few-Mode Fiber Bragg Gratings And Its Applications, Muhammad Khairol Annuar Zaini
Student Works (2020-2029)
Recently, few-mode fiber (FMF) has gained much research attention compared to single mode fiber (SMF) due to its capability to overcome the capacity limit. FMF based fiber sensors have many distinctive advantages such as cost efficiency, great sensitivity, and have the ability to employ the spatial dimension for multi-parameter sensing with discrimination capability. In this work, an analytical model has been proposed to investigate the relationship of the resonant wavelength shift of a few-mode FBG (FMFBG) to the axial stress of the FMF. By applying the proposed model, the axial stress of an FMFs was determined. Besides, the polariscopic technique …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Perovskite-Based Materials For Memory Device Application, Gregory Thien Soon How
Synthesis And Characterization Of Perovskite-Based Materials For Memory Device Application, Gregory Thien Soon How
Student Works (2020-2029)
This project aims to study the resistive switching behaviour in memory devices using perovskites-based structures. A hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite was studied in this project, specifically methylammonium lead triiodide, CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3 perovskite. The effect of the various counter electrodes in MAPbI3 perovskite was investigated by fabricating MAPbI3 perovskite on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). Three commonly used electrodes which are Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), and Gold (Au) were thermally evaporated on top of the MAPbI3 perovskite layer. It was found that the ITO/MAPbI3/Al exhibits Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) behaviour with SET voltage (VSET) of 4.5 V and RESET …
Electronic Profiling Of Synthetic Dna Using Schottky Junctions, Souhad M.A Daraghma
Electronic Profiling Of Synthetic Dna Using Schottky Junctions, Souhad M.A Daraghma
Student Works (2020-2029)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has attracted a lot of attention lately owing to the discovery of its semiconducting property and is considered as an interesting material that could find applications in nanotechnology and electronic devices. In-depth understanding of its charge transfer mechanism is however required for effective development of DNA-based technology. This unfortunately remains still a non-trivial task despite the numerous theoretical and experimental studies that have been conducted to date. The complexity of the previously employed methods, and their lack of accuracy has made it difficult to grasp the clear understanding of the electronic behaviors of the DNA molecules under …
Multibeam Array Antenna For Base Station In The Fifth-Generation Mobile Communication System, Intan Izafina Idrus
Multibeam Array Antenna For Base Station In The Fifth-Generation Mobile Communication System, Intan Izafina Idrus
Student Works (2020-2029)
Research on the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system has been accelerated to meet the standardization of the International Telecommunications Union for higher data traffic and higher data rates. The main requirements of the 5G mobile communication systems are the utilization of millimeter waves, the deployment of small cells, and the use of multibeam array antennas for multiple-input multiple-output schemes. Multibeam array antennas play an important role in developing a new base station to enhance system capacity, improve network coverage, and reduce co-channel interference. The main objective of this thesis is to design a single-layer multibeam array antenna at 28 GHz …
Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties Of Malaysia Local Source Wood For Electric Cruiser Board Applications, Mohamad Rosman Othaman
Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties Of Malaysia Local Source Wood For Electric Cruiser Board Applications, Mohamad Rosman Othaman
Student Works (2020-2029)
This research project revolves around the idea to reduce the carbon emission in mitigating the issue of climate change. An idea to introduce the electrical cruiser board by Muhammad Fiqkri Ismail from Universiti Kuala Lumpur with his idea to promote carbon less form of multimodal transportation for users in urban city of Greater Kuala Lumpur leads this research to study the elastic properties of local source woods in Malaysia that could be proposed for this application. The wood is used for the construction of the deck of cruiser board which designed three layers with the cross-ply laminate. Three types of …
Design Of A Single-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation With Submodule Fault-Tolerant Capability For Modular Multilevel Converter, Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi
Design Of A Single-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation With Submodule Fault-Tolerant Capability For Modular Multilevel Converter, Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi
Student Works (2020-2029)
Multilevel converters are attracting a lot of attention and becoming one of the energy conversion choices for new topologies and control in industry applications and research fields. Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are considered very promising among converter topologies for future medium-voltage and high-power applications compared to NPC, FC and CHB topologies. The improved phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) technique control for MMCs, which has a fault-tolerant capability, is presented. This study presents two methods to distribute pulses into submodules (SMs) by using PDPWM which has drawback to distribute the power equally among the submodules (SMs). First method, this study …
Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme For Islanded Distribution System Based On Mixed Integer Linear Programming, Sohail Sarwar
Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme For Islanded Distribution System Based On Mixed Integer Linear Programming, Sohail Sarwar
Student Works (2020-2029)
In recent years, significant climate changes have pivoted the distribution system towards utilization of renewable energy, particularly through distributed generators (DGs). Although DGs offer many benefits, its integration affects the stability of the system, which could lead to blackout, when the grid is disconnected. The system frequency will drop drastically if DG’s generation capacity is less than the total load demand in the network. In order to sustain the system stability, Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) is a commonly used technique to minimize the difference in load demand and power generation. However, existing load shedding techniques are lack in accurate …
Fusion-Features And Visual-Dictionary Image Recognition Methods For Apple Classification In Smart Manufacturing, Ahsiah Ismail
Fusion-Features And Visual-Dictionary Image Recognition Methods For Apple Classification In Smart Manufacturing, Ahsiah Ismail
Student Works (2020-2029)
Smart manufacturing enables an efficient manufacturing process to optimize production. The optimization is performed through data analytics that requires reliable and informative data as input. Therefore, in this research, two image recognition feature extraction methods namely Curvelet Wavelet-Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (CWGLCM) and Fuzzy-Spatial Pyramid Matching (F-SPM) are proposed to provide reliable inputs for vision-based apple classification in smart manufacturing. Feature extraction is one of the major steps that could influent the efficiency of the manufacturing process. The CW-GLCM method is a feature extraction of fusion-features with Decision Tree classifier, while the F-SPM method uses a visual-dictionary based method to …
New Metal Based Saturable Absorber For Ultrashort Pulse Generation, Muhammad Taufiq Ahmad
New Metal Based Saturable Absorber For Ultrashort Pulse Generation, Muhammad Taufiq Ahmad
Student Works (2020-2029)
Cost-efficient, robust and flexible laser systems are vital for a wide-range of applications ranging from high-precision material processing to biomedicine. This thesis aims to explore pure silver and gold based saturable absorbers (SAs) as Q-switcher and mode-locker in various fibre laser cavities. The generations of Q-switched pulses in 1-,1.55-, and 2-micron regions have been successfully demonstrated using a pure gold, which was deposited using electron beam deposition onto a PVA thin-film as SA. For instance, a stable Q-switched thulium-doped fibre laser (TDFL) operating at 1949 nm was successfully demonstrated with the gold SA. The proposed laser generates Q switched pulses …
Optimal Distribution System Reconfiguration Incorporating Dg And Variable Load Profile Using Artificial Neural Network, Hesham Hanie Youssef
Optimal Distribution System Reconfiguration Incorporating Dg And Variable Load Profile Using Artificial Neural Network, Hesham Hanie Youssef
Student Works (2020-2029)
Optimal network reconfiguration is a common method used in distribution systems to ensure minimum power losses are always attained. This is very important task for achieving cost effective operation. Due to varying load demands, conventional network reconfiguration techniques have to be repeated whenever system loading changes to find a new configuration that has minimum power losses. This task is time consuming and ineffective approach for a real time application. Therefore, this research proposes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for optimal distribution network reconfiguration to overcome long processing time, mainly in load variation case. The proposed method involves; (1) Implement …
Modified Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control For Speed Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, Fardila Mohd Zaihidee
Modified Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control For Speed Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, Fardila Mohd Zaihidee
Student Works (2020-2029)
In recent years, energy saving research activities have focused on electric motors and their systems since they are the main consumer of electricity in the industrial sector. Permanent magnet synchronous motor is known as a high-efficiency motor and slowly replacing induction motors in the industries. For speed control of PMSM, the sliding mode controller (SMC) has been widely used due to its robustness, high accuracy, and simplicity. The main disadvantage of the SMC method is the chattering phenomenon, which should be reduced or eliminated without compromising the controller’s robustness. Fractional order sliding mode speed control (FOSMC) of PMSM is proposed …
Optimal Distribution System Reconfiguration Incorporating Distributed Generation Based On Simplified Network Approach, Mohammad Al Samman
Optimal Distribution System Reconfiguration Incorporating Distributed Generation Based On Simplified Network Approach, Mohammad Al Samman
Student Works (2020-2029)
Network Reconfiguration (NR) and Distributed Generation (DG) are well-accepted strategies to minimize power loss and voltage deviation in the Electrical Distribution Network (EDN). Since the NR problem contains a huge combinational search space, most researchers applied meta-heuristic methods to attain optimal NR solution. However, meta-heuristic methods do not always guarantee optimal solution and furthermore they consume huge processing time. This occurs mainly due to (1) random solution’s initialization and (2) the verification of solution in each iteration to fulfill the operation constraints during the optimization process. Besides, solving the NR problem simultaneously with DG placement and sizing increases the computational …
Schottky And Poole-Frenkel Conduction Mechanisms In Zron/Sic System, Lusus Vanessa
Schottky And Poole-Frenkel Conduction Mechanisms In Zron/Sic System, Lusus Vanessa
Student Works (2020-2029)
In this work, the conduction mechanisms of Schottky Emission (SE) and Poole–Frenkel (PF) Emission for the ZrON/SiC system with a temperature range between 400 oC to 900 oC were analyzed. Understanding of the conduction charge mechanisms will help to estimate leakage characteristics of the ZrON/SiC system. Based on the J-E plot measured at different temperatures for 15 minutes, the obtained r2 was ranged between 0.90–0.98, which confirmed the data obtained complied with the standard SE model. Furthermore, the data plotted from the Effective Barrier Height Extracted from the SE plot showed the highest values of
Optimized Transconductance Designs To Enhance The Linearity Performance Of Rf Front-End Receiver Circuits In 130 Nm Cmos Technology, Nandini Vitee
Optimized Transconductance Designs To Enhance The Linearity Performance Of Rf Front-End Receiver Circuits In 130 Nm Cmos Technology, Nandini Vitee
Student Works (2020-2029)
Highly linear front-end circuits are greatly desired for wireless receivers to improve the dynamic range. However, intermodulation distortions caused by the non-linear transconductor current limits the linearity of the front-end receiver circuit in CMOS technologies. In addition to the inherent nonlinear effect, the downscaling of CMOS further exacerbates the linearity of the circuit due to lower voltage headroom and high-field mobility. Thus, it is essential to develop effective circuit techniques that can aid linearity enhancement without jeopardizing other preferred performances such as low noise, high conversion gain, and low-power consumption. In this thesis, two different high linear transconductors are presented …
Fault-Tolerant Capability Of Star Connected Symmetrical Six-Phase Induction Machine With Single And Two Isolated Neutrals, Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Munim
Fault-Tolerant Capability Of Star Connected Symmetrical Six-Phase Induction Machine With Single And Two Isolated Neutrals, Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Munim
Student Works (2020-2029)
Traditionally, electrical machines have been designed to operate with single- or three phase power supplies. In the early stage of power electronics development, three-phase machine suffers problems such as high torque ripple due to low order harmonics during six-step switching and limited current handling capacity of the power switches. This has motivated the use of multiphase machines which is capable of mitigating the aforementioned issues. The revival of multiphase machine research is mainly motivated by the need for more reliable drive systems. The vector space decomposition (VSD) model is used for a healthy multiphase machine as the basis for control …
Power System Study For Oil And Gas Platform Connected To Onshore Grid, Taharim Rosshidi Hezrimi
Power System Study For Oil And Gas Platform Connected To Onshore Grid, Taharim Rosshidi Hezrimi
Student Works (2020-2029)
Normally for oil and gas offshore platform, the electrical power supply is generated from the generator either using gas turbine generator, gas engine generator and diesel engine generator. The main power supply is backup by diesel engine generator in case emergency or during black start of the platform. As the design of oil and gas platform become complex, the size of generator keeps increasing. A new concept is being explored to mitigate this problem. Oil and gas company is looking to provide power generation from onshore and supplying the electrical power to a substation platform offshore and then distributed it …
Partial Discharge Classification For Xlpe Cable Joints Using K Nearest Neighbors Algorithm, Mohd Salleh Muhammad Shairazi
Partial Discharge Classification For Xlpe Cable Joints Using K Nearest Neighbors Algorithm, Mohd Salleh Muhammad Shairazi
Student Works (2020-2029)
Due to excellent mechanical and electrical properties, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are commonly used in the power industry. However, cable joints are the weakest part of XLPE cables and are susceptible to insulation failures. Cable joint insulation breakup can cause large losses for power companies. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the consistency of the insulation for early detection of insulation failure. It is known that there is a link between the partial discharge (PD) and the quality of the insulation. PD analysis is an important tool for assessing the quality of insulation in cable joints. In this study, XLPE …
Ultra-Wideband Power Amplifier Design For Large Signal Application, Ragavan Krishnamoorthy
Ultra-Wideband Power Amplifier Design For Large Signal Application, Ragavan Krishnamoorthy
Student Works (2020-2029)
Broadband power amplifier design has become one of the most critical enabling block in today’s wireless communication technology. Numerous research efforts have been carried out throughout the years to establish high efficiency over wideband RF transmitter. This research work presents two approaches in achieving ultra-broadband power amplifier for RF transmitter. Firstly, a new technique for the design of ultra-broadband RF power amplifier is introduced, in which a combination of the reactance compensation and third-harmonic tuning are adopted. The design goal is to achieve 40 dBm (10W) output power across a wide frequency bandwidth operation. Theoretical design equations were developed to …
Low Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Algorithms In Numerical Relays., Babak Nim Taj
Low Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Algorithms In Numerical Relays., Babak Nim Taj
Student Works (2010-2019)
Low impedance restricted earth fault protection is one of the protection function to protect the transformer winding with earthed neutral point. The purpose of this study is to investigate low impedance restricted earth fault algorithm in numerical relays. Five restricted earth fault numerical algorithms from ABB, AREVA T&D, SIEMENS, SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC and GENERAL ELECTRIC are employed for restricted earth fault algorithms assessment.This dissertation is to find out advantages and disadvantages of selected algorithms. Moreover, this dissertation is to compare each algorithm with the other algorithms. Also, magnetizing inrush current, over excitation and CT saturation impression on restricted earth fault operation …
Optical Coherent Communication System Using Phase Shift Keying, Syed Javaid Iqbal
Optical Coherent Communication System Using Phase Shift Keying, Syed Javaid Iqbal
Student Works (2000-2009)
This thesis presents the experimental study and design of a coherent communication system by using phase shift keying (PSK). Systems are designed by using all passive elements, which make the system very easy to operate, and less maintenance is required. All the PSK designs are based on a single light source. In this thesis there are five different types of PSK with a single light source communication systems are designed. All designs are experimentally tested in free space. The systems are • All optical two-channel PSK communication system, by using single light source, "All optical single channel, two-way PSK communication, …
Optimisation Of Transverse Arc Array Laser, Albert Kok Foo Ng
Optimisation Of Transverse Arc Array Laser, Albert Kok Foo Ng
Student Works (2000-2009)
A novel discharge scheme is proposed for the pumping of short wavelen,gth lasers. This scheme had been tested to produce fast current pulse and a 5 kA current in 60 nsec is obtained. Lasing action has been observed by using nitrogen gas. The laser line is 337 nm from the strong transitions of nitrogen molecules. The new discharge scheme is based on the concept of an arc array amplifier. It essentially consists of 48 pairs of electrodes which are lined up to form an array of arc discharge. Its electrical circuitry allows each pair of the electrodes to be decoupled …