Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Energy Efficiency And Fault Tolerance In Open Ran And Future Internet, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN) repre- sent a promising technological advancement within the realm of the future internet. Research efforts are currently directed towards enhancing energy efficiency and fault tolerance, which are critical aspects for both Open RAN and the future internet landscape. In the context of energy saving in Open RAN, there exists a spectrum of methods for achieving energy efficiency. These methods include the toggling of on/off states for different hardware resources such as base station units, distributed units, and radio units. Conversely, for enhancing fault tolerance in Open RAN, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow based techniques …

Improving Energy Efficiency In Open Ran Through Dynamic Cpu Scheduling, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open RAN is a promising cellular technology that is currently undergoing extensive research for future wireless radio access networks. Achieving optimal energy efficiency in Open RAN poses a significant challenge. This paper introduces a CPU scheduling algorithm that specifically targets this chal- lenge by optimizing energy consumption at the base station while maintaining optimal performance levels. With the goal of minimizing energy consumption, the proposed algorithm dynamically adjusts the CPU core states, seamlessly switching between active and sleep modes based on the load conditions. To evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness in terms of energy saving and performance, experimental testing is conducted …

Round Trip Time Measurement Over Microgrid Power Network, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

A focus of the Power Systems and Networking communities is the design and deployment of Microgrid (MG) integration systems that ensure that quality of service targets are met for load sharing systems at different endpoints. This paper presents an integrated Microgrid testbed that allows Microgrids endpoints to share their current, voltage and power values using a Network Published Shared Variable (NPSV) approach. We present Round Trip Time (RTT) measurements for time sensitive Microgrid control traffic in the presence of varying background traffic as an example quality of service measurement. Numerical results are presented using a range of different background traffic …

Poster: Integrated Dc Microgrid Testbed For Quality Of Service Evaluation, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

This study demonstrates a testbed for evaluating the effects of background network traffic on the Round-Trip Times (RTTs) of community-based integrated Direct Current (DC) Microgrid (MG) testbed using real hardware and different networking topologies.

The effects of difference levels of background traffic on the RTT of control packets are demonstrated.

Pvpbc: Privacy- And Verifiability-Preserving E-Voting Based On Permissioned Blockchain, Muntadher Sallal, Ruairí De Fréin, Ali Malik

Articles

Privacy and verifiability are crucial security requirements in e-voting systems and combining them is considered to be a challenge given that they seem to be contradictory. On one hand, privacy means that cast votes cannot be traced to the corresponding voters. On the other hand, linkability of voters and their votes is a requirement of verifiability which has the consequence that a voter is able to check their vote in the election result. These two contradictory features can be addressed by adopting privacy-preserving cryptographic primitives, which at the same time as achieving privacy, achieve verifiability. Many end-to-end schemes that support …

Investigation Of Dielectric And Mechanical Properties Of Lignocellulosic Rice Husk Fibril For High And Medium Voltage Electrical Insulation Applications, T. Rajamanikandan, S. Banumathi, B. Karthikeyan, R. Palanisamy, Mohit Bajaj, Hossam Zawbaa, Salah Kamel

Articles

The insulating material is made from rice husk and epoxy resin which are ecologically friendly and incredibly durable. When coarse Rice husk is mechanically disintegrated, fibrils are formed. By weaving together fibrillated threads, and robust biodegradables, lightweight dielectric fibers are created. Then the Composites are examined utilizing a blend of agave Rice husk fibers (10–35%) and an epoxy resin solution. The Chemical treatment of the Rice husk fibers increases the composites’ mechanical strength and electrical insulating properties. The tensile strength of Rice husk in epoxy composites is increased from 37.84 MPa to 48.32 MPa. The experimental results are compared using …

Nipuna: A Novel Optimizer Activation Function For Deep Neural Networks, Golla Madhu, Sandeep Kautish, Khalid Abdulaziz Alnowibet, Hossam Zawbaa, Ali Wagdy Mohamed

Articles

In recent years, various deep neural networks with different learning paradigms have been widely employed in various applications, including medical diagnosis, image analysis, self-driving vehicles and others. The activation functions employed in deep neural networks have a huge impact on the training model and the reliability of the model. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) has recently emerged as the most popular and extensively utilized activation function. ReLU has some flaws, such as the fact that it is only active when the units are positive during back-propagation and zero otherwise. This causes neurons to die (dying ReLU) and a shift in …

Analysis Of Degradation Of Sb2se3 Thin Film Solar Cells Deploying A Time-Dependent Approach Linked With 1d-Amps Simulation, Ming-Lang Tseng, Malek Gassoumi, Nima Ghadiri

Articles

In this paper, we have developed a time-dependent model to study defect growth in the absorber layer of Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells. This model has been integrated with the AMPS-1D simulation platform to investigate the impact of increasing defect density at different positions within the Sb2Se3 layer on the electrical parameters of the solar cell. We adopted the Gloeckler standard model for thin films in AMPS to represent Sb2Se3 materials. The study focuses on tracking the degradation of device performance parameters as donor-like mid-gap states accumulate in the Sb2Se3 layer over time. We monitored the variation of key electrical …

Comparing The Iwl-Mvm-Rs And Minstrel-Ht Rate Adaptation Algorithms Under Different Local Error Conditions, Luhan Wang, Mark Davis

Conference papers

WLAN technology has grown rapidly and now provides increasingly reliable and fast wireless connectivity. A number of Rate Adaptation Algorithms (RAAs) which are designed to select the optimal line rate according to the channel conditions have been proposed. Iwl-Mvm-Rs RAA which is implemented in the Intel wireless chips and Minstrel-HT RAA which is implemented in the Linux kernels are two such well known algorithms. Many existing papers evaluate these two algorithms with regard to device mobility and signal fading. However, the causes of frame errors can be divided into two categories: weak signal reception and collisions. Therefore, in this paper, …

(3-Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane-Based Immobilization Of Pt/Wo3 On A Microfiber Sensor For High Sensitivity Hydrogen Sensing, Qiao Gao, Bin Liu, Juan Liu, Shengpeng Wan, Tao Wu, Xing-Dao He, Ping Lu, Jinhui Yuan, Renli Ma, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Gerald Farrell, Qiang Wu

Articles

A novel high stability hydrogen sensor based on a Pt/WO3 coated single-mode tapered-no-core single-mode (STNCS) fiber interferometer is proposed and experimentally studied. The STNCS structure is treated by (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and then coated with Pt/WO3 nanorods. Compared to the traditional method of using poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to adhere Pt/WO3 nanorods on the fiber surface, the APTES modified fiber forms strong covalent bonds with Pt/WO3 with stronger adhesion to the fiber surface, resulting in improved long-term stability. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor varies from -31.05 nm/% to -4.30 nm/% as the hydrogen concentration increases from 0 …

Pattern And Polarization Diversity Multisector Annular Antenna For Iot Applications, Abel Zandamela, Nicola Marchetti, Max Ammann, Adam Narbudowicz

Articles

This work proposes a small pattern and polarization diversity multisector annular antenna with electrical size and profile of ka = 1.2 and 0.018λ, respectively. The antenna is planar and comprises annular sectors that are fed using different ports to enable digital beamforming techniques, with efficiency and gain of up to 78% and 4.62 dBi, respectively. The cavity model analysis is used to describe the design concept and the antenna diversity. The proposed method can produce different polarization states (e.g., linearly and circularly polarized patterns) and pattern diversity characteristics covering the elevation plane. Owing to its small electrical size, low-profile and …

An Investigation Of 3.5 Μm Emission In Er3+-Doped Fluorozirconate Glasses Under 638 Nm Laser Excitation, Haiyan Zhao, Ke Tian, Xin Wang, Dejun Liu, Shunbin Wang, Gerald Farrell, Pengfei Wang

Articles

Intense 3.5 μm mid-infrared emission has been achieved in Er3+-doped ZBYA glasses, which is ascribed to the Er3+: 4F9/2→4I9/2 transition. Based on the absorption spectrum of Er3+ ions, a 638 nm laser was utilized to directly pump the upper level (Er3+: 4F9/2) to achieve 3.5 μm emission with enhanced quantum efficiency. Spectroscopic parameters were predicted by Judd-Ofelt theory. The maximum emission cross-section of the Er3+-doped ZBYA glass was estimated to be 5.5×10-22 cm2 at 3496 nm. Additionally, the fluorescence spectra and energy level lifetimes of ZBYA glass samples with different Er3+ ions doping concentrations were also measured. The theoretical and …

Performance Improvement Of Hybrid System Based Dfig-Wind/Pv/Batteries Connected To Dc And Ac Grid By Applying Intelligent Control, Younes Sahri, Salah Tamalouzt, Sofia Lalouni Belaid, Mohit Bajaj, Sherif S.M. Ghoneim, Hossam Zawbaa, Salah Kamel

Articles

One of the main causes of CO2 emissions is the production of electrical energy. Therefore, many researchers goal’s is to develop renewable power systems. This paper proposes a new intelligent control development of hybrid PV–Wind-Batteries. Neuro-Fuzzy Direct Power Control (NF-DPC) is invested in order to enhance system performance and generated currents quality. An improved MPPT algorithm based on Fuzzy Controller (FC) is invested for PV power optimization. In addition, a new Modified Fuzzy Direct Power Control (MF-DPC) is developed and applied to the grid side converter to control the active and reactive power by monitoring the involved active power flow …

H2020 Auto-Dan Project: Enhance The Participation Of The Community To Demand Response By Providing The State-Of-The-Art Technological And Policy Solution, Rene Peeren, Dharmesh Dabhi, John Dalton

Conference papers

The growing demand for electricity in Europe has increased the need for a more flexible and sustainable power system. In recent years, Demand Response (DR) has emerged as a promising solution to meet this need, by providing an opportunity for residential and smaller commercial consumers to actively participate in the electricity market. This research paper investigates the potential for DR among the residential community and small commercial electricity consumers in Europe and identifies the technological barriers and drivers that impact consumer engagement with DR programs in Europe. The different DR opportunities are identified and validated at the six different demo …

Energy-Aware Ai-Driven Framework For Edge-Computing-Based Iot Applications, Muhammad Zawish, Nouman Ashraf, Rafay Iqbal Ansari, Steven Davy

Conference papers

The significant growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has given impetus to the idea of edge computing for several applications. In addition, energy harvestable or wireless-powered wearable devices are envisioned to empower the edge intelligence in IoT applications. However, the intermittent energy supply and network connectivity of such devices in scenarios including remote areas and hard-to-reach regions such as in-body applications can limit the performance of edge computing-based IoT applications. Hence, deploying state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on such energy-constrained devices is not feasible due to their computational cost. Existing model compression methods, such as network …

Simultaneous Measurement Of Gas Pressure And Temperature Using A Microbubble Resonator Combined With An Fbg, Ketan Dong, Ke Tian, Chuanzhen Zhao, Huibin Li, Jibo Yu, Angzhen Li, Xiaoling Sun, Elfed Lewis, Gerald Farrell, Pengfei Wang

Conference Papers

We propose and demonstrate a microbubble resonator combined with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for simultaneous measurement of gas pressure and temperature. The approach used allows for very close proximity (<200 >μm) between the FBG and the microbubble resonator. The microbubble resonator is fabricated in a section of hollow-core fiber (HCF), spliced to a single-mode fiber (SMF) with a pre-inscribed FBG to form a single-ended open structure. Fresnel reflection from the HCF cleaved end means that broadband light is reflected backwards in the same direction as the Bragg wavelength from the FBG. A tapered fiber couples the reflected broadband light …

Development Of Holographic Recording Material For Fabrication Of Solar Concentrators For Micro Satellites, Brian Rogers

Doctoral

Holographic solar concentration has been a topic of increasing interest over recent years because of the lightweight and physically compact nature of holograms, which gives them an advantage over other, conventional concentration methods. As holographic recording materials develop further, their characteristics prove to meet the demands required of them to make more effective holographic solar concentrators. The development of photovoltaics in tandem with holographic materials has led to a host of solar concentrating device designs that take advantage of the unique properties of diffractive optics. Compared to refractive optics, holographic devices are more lightweight and compact. This makes holographic devices …

Quantum Classifiers For Video Quality Delivery, Tautvydas Lisas, Ruairí De Fréin

Conference papers

Classical classifiers such as the Support Vector Classifier (SVC) struggle to accurately classify video Quality of Delivery (QoD) time-series due to the challenge in constructing suitable decision boundaries using small amounts of training data. We develop a technique that takes advantage of a quantum-classical hybrid infrastructure called Quantum-Enhanced Codecs (QEC). We evaluate a (1) purely classical, (2) hybrid kernel, and (3) purely quantum classifier for video QoD congestion classification, where congestion is either low, medium or high, using QoD measurements from a real networking test-bed. Findings show that the SVC performs the classification task 4% better in the low congestion …

Optimising Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure In Dublin Using Geecharge, Alexander Mutua Mutiso, Ruairí De Fréin, Ali Malik, Eliel Kibanza, Marco Sahbane, Maxime Pantel

Conference papers

Range anxiety poses a hurdle to the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs), as drivers worry about running out of charge without timely access to a Charging Point (CP). We present novel methods for optimising the distribution of CPs, namely, EV portacharge and GEECharge. These solutions distribute CPs in Dublin, in this paper, by considering the population density and Points Of Interest (POIs) or road traffic. The object of this paper is to (1) develop and evaluate methods to distribute CPs in Dublin city; (2) optimise CP allocation; (3) visualise paths in the graph network to show the most used roads …

Adaptive Fuzzy Supplementary Controller For Ssr Damping In A Series-Compensated Dfig-Based Wind Farm, Mohamed Abdeen, Sayed Hosny Ahmed El-Banna, Sara Elgohary, Hend Mostafa, Nora Ghaly, Nourhan Adel, Zeinab Elkhwas, Mohamed Alahmady, Hossam Zawbaa, Salah Kamel

Articles

Although using a series compensation technique in a long transmission line effectively increases the transmittable power; it may cause a sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) phenomenon. Gate-controlled series capacitor (GCSC) is an effective method for SSR damping by controlling the turn-off angle. In the previous studies, a constant supplementary damping controller (SDC) was used for controlling the turn-off angle, which can mitigate the SSR phenomenon. However, these methods can not capture the maximum transmittable power at different operating points. In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed to compute the gain of SDC based on the wind speed and the …

An Adaptive Vector Control Method For Inverter-Based Stand-Alone Microgrids Considering Voltage Reduction And Load Shedding Schemes, Sumit Kumar Jha, Deepak Kumar, Prabhat Ranjan Tripathi, Bhargav Appasani, Hossam Zawbaa, Salah Kamel

Articles

The droop mechanism is widely utilized in a stand-alone microgrid (MG) to regulate power-sharing among distributed generators (DG). However, over the years, the droop phenomena are continually modified to lessen the deviation in voltage and frequency parameters caused due to classical droop. This study suggests computing the droop coefficient for voltage–current (V–I) droop to take into account for proportional power distribution among DGs. In grid utility networks, the conservation voltage reduction (CVR) strategy is widely used to curtail the use of energy. Hence, this paper investigates the CVR's performance for stand-alone MG by performing the adaptive vector control scheme in …

Metaheuristic Optimization Techniques Used In Controlling Of An Active Magnetic Bearing System For High-Speed Machining Application, Suraj Suraj, Pabitra Kumar Biswas Pabitra Kumar Biswas, Sukanta Debnath, Anumoy Ghosh, Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu, Hossam Zawbaa, Salah Kemal

Articles

Smart control tactics, wider stability region, rapid reaction time, and high-speed performance are essential requirements for any controller to provide a smooth, vibrationless, and efficient performance of an in-house fabricated active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. In this manuscript, three pre-eminent population-based metaheuristic optimization techniques: Genetic algorithm (GA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), and Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) are implemented one by one, to calculate optimized gain parameters of PID controller for the proposed closed-loop active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. Performance indices or, objective functions on which these optimization techniques are executed are integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), integral …

Lightnet: A Novel Lightweight Convolutional Network For Brain Tumor Segmentation In Healthcare, Dongyuan Wu, Junyi Tao, Zhen Qin, Rao Asad Mumtaz, Jin Qin, Linfang Yu, Jane Courtney

Articles

Diagnosis, treatment planning, surveillance, and the monitoring of clinical trials for brain diseases all benefit greatly from neuroimaging-based tumor segmentation. Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated promising results in enhancing the efficiency of image-based brain tumor segmentation. Most current work on CNNs, however, is devoted to creating increasingly complicated convolution modules to improve performance, which in turn raises the computing cost of the model. This work proposes a simple and effective feed-forward CNN, LightNet (Light Network). Based on multi-path and multi-level, it replaces traditional convolutional methods with light operations, which reduces network parameters and redundant feature maps. In the …

Household Electricity Consumption: A Study On The Role Of Micro-Renewable Energy Systems In Vietnam, Luong Vinh Quoc Duy, Damien Cassells, Jim Hanly

Articles

Although nearly all households in Vietnam have connected to the national grid, electricity shortage in the residential sector is still an issue. One measure of residential electricity shortage is the micro-renewable energy system (micro-RES), but little is known about the drivers for household adoption of such system and whether the presence of a micro-RES can help to reduce household energy consumption. This paper examines the characteristics of households that have adopted a micro-RES and investigates whether the presence of micro-RES would result in a decrease in energy demand by using fixed-effects models. Analysis was carried out on the 2016 and …

The Role Of Soc In Ensuring The Security Of Iot Devices: A Review Of Current Challenges And Future Directions, Hajar Bennouri, Abdiaziz Abdi, Iqbal Hossain, Alexandre Pujol

Conference papers

The growing popularity and deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to serious security concerns. The integration of a security operations center (SOC) becomes increasingly important in this situation to ensure the security of IoT devices. In this article, we will present a summary of IoT device security issues, their vulnerabilities, a review of current challenges to keep these devices secure, and discuss the role that SOC can bring in protecting IoT devices while considering the challenges encountered and the directions to consider when implementing a reliable SOC for IoT monitoring.

Wind Energy Harvesting And Conversion Systems: A Technical Review, Sinhara M. H. D. Perera, Ghanim Putrus, Michael Conlon, Mahinsasa Narayana, Keith Sunderland

Articles

Wind energy harvesting for electricity generation has a significant role in overcoming the challenges involved with climate change and the energy resource implications involved with population growth and political unrest. Indeed, there has been significant growth in wind energy capacity worldwide with turbine capacity growing significantly over the last two decades. This confidence is echoed in the wind power market and global wind energy statistics. However, wind energy capture and utilisation has always been challenging. Appreciation of the wind as a resource makes for difficulties in modelling and the sensitivities of how the wind resource maps to energy production results …

Embedded Ai For Wheat Yellow Rust Infection Type Classification, Uferah Shafi, Rafia Mumtaz, Muhammad Deedahwar Mazhar Qureshi, Zahid Mahmood, Sikander Khan Tanveer, Ihsan Ul Haq, Syed Mohammad Hassan Zaidi

Articles

Wheat is the most important and dominating crop in Pakistan in terms of production and acreage, which is grown on 37% of the cultivated area, accounting for 70% of the total production. However, wheat yield is highly affected by stripe rust, which is considered the most devastating fungal disease, causing 5.5 million tonnes of loss per year globally. In order to minimize this loss, the accurate and timely detection of rust disease is crucial instead of manual inspection. Towards this end, we propose a system to detect wheat rust disease and classify its infection types into four classes, including healthy, …

Design And Implementation Of A New Adaptive Mppt Controller For Solar Pv Systems, Saibal Manna, Deepak Kumar Singh, Ashok Kumar Akella, Hossam Kotb, Kareem M. Aboras, Hossam Zawbaa, Salah Kamel

Articles

This research provides an adaptive control design in a photovoltaic system (PV) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In the PV system, MPPT strategies are used to deliver the maximum available power to the load under solar radiation and atmospheric temperature changes. This article presents a new adaptive control framework to enhance the performance of MPPT, which will minimize the complexity in system control and efficiently manage uncertainties and disruptions in the environment and PV system. Here, the MPPT algorithm is decoupled with model reference adaptive control (MRAC) techniques, and the system gains MPPT with overall system stability. The simulation …

Local Electricity Market Operation In Presence Of Residential Energy Storage In Low Voltage Distribution Network: Role Of Retail Market Pricing, Aziz Saif, Shafi K. Khadem Shafi K. Khadem, Michael Conlon, Brian Norton

Articles

Local Electricity Market (LEM) appears as a promising consumer-centric market-based approach that extends the self-consumption method, widely implemented in residential households, to collective self-consumption in the local energy communities, enabled through peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions. To facilitate the integration of LEM in the wholesale electricity market (WEM), it is paramount to comprehend the synergy of retail electricity pricing on the LEM operation hosted in the low-voltage distribution network (LVDN). The paper presents a co-simulation framework consisting of a local electricity market model coupled with a three-phase distribution network simulator to perform a holistic case study for a smart energy community in …

Interpreting Energy Utilisation With Shapley Additive Explanations By Defining A Synthetic Data Generator For Plausible Charging Sessions Of Electric Vehicles, Prasant Kumar Mohanty, Gayadhar Panda, Malabika Basu, Diptendu Sinha Roy

Articles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are an effective solution for reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources. However, the lack of charging infrastructure and concerns over their range are some of the biggest hurdles to adopting EVs. Charging infrastructure for EVs is, however, on the rise. Proper planning of charging stations vis-`a-vis road networks and related points of interest such as transportation hubs, schools, shopping centres, etc., alongside such roads become vital to laying out a plan for such infrastructure, particularly for developing countries like India where EV adoption is relatively in a nascent stage. Synthetic datasets can help overcome these hurdles and …