Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

An Adaptive Fusion Model For Distributed Detection Systems With Unequiprobable Sources, Yuzheng Zhang

Theses

In a traditional communication system, a single sensor such as a radar or a sonar is used to detect targets. Since the reliability of a single sensor is limited, distributed detection systems in which several sensors are employed simultaneously have received increasing attention in recent years. We consider a distributed detection system which consists of a number of independent local detectors and a fusion center. Chair and Varshney have derived an optimal decision rule for fusing decisions based on. the Baysian criterion. To implement such a rule, the probability of detection P_D and the probability of false alarm …

Fast Point Pattern Matching By Heuristic And Stochastic Optimization Techniques, Ashish Agrawal

Theses

This work is concerned with one of the methodologies used in the final stages of machine vision: the matching of model point patterns to observed point patterns. Conventional search methods not only fail to arrive at the optimal match, but are also computationally expensive and time consuming. To arrive at the optimal pattern match, stochastic and heuristic optimization as the search technique, exploiting Simulated Annealing (SA), Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Mean Field Annealing (MFA), are explored in detail. A comparison of results obtained using SA versus "hill-climbing" and "exhaustive search" techniques, and results of EP are presented. The relative effectiveness …

Fabrication Of Micron-Sized Mirror/Cantilever Silicon Devices For Crosspoint Switching Arrays, Yasser A. Abdel-Aziez

Theses

This thesis describes the fabrication of micron-sized vertical mirrors at the end of horizontal cantilevers, that are electrostatically controlled. The mirrors, 40x 40 μm with thicknesses of 1.5-6 μm, were made by using the etch resistance to 40% KOH etchant of <111> planes and oxide stripes. The cantilever beams, 100 to 350 μm long and 0.44 to 0.81 μm thick, were fabricated using the etch resistance of heavily doped boron layers to 10% KOH at 50 °C. Two technologies to introduce the boron layers were investigated. The ion implantation approach was based on thick oxide/photoresist masking. A maximum doping of 2.5 …

An On-Line Approach For Evaluating Trigonometric Functions, Rajesh Amin

Theses

This thesis investigates the evaluation of trigonometric functions based on an on-line arithmetic approach. On-line algorithms have been developed to evaluate the sine and cosine functions. Error analysis and heuristics are carried out to arrive at a minimal error algorithm based on the series expansion of the sine and cosine function.

A logical design based on the algorithm is presented where the unit is designed as a set of basic modules. A detailed bit slice design of each module is also presented. A simulator was designed as an experimental tool for synthesis of the on-line algorithms, and a tool for …

Performance Of National Research And Education Network While Transmitting Healthcare Information Data, Bhavesh Mahendra Shukla

Theses

National Research and Education Network(NREN) is a first step in the process of building a National Information Infrastructure(NII). NII will ultimately lead to Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network(B-ISDN), a network which will support global exchange of voice, data, images and video.

NREN will evolve out of present National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET), also known as Interim NREN. At present NSFNET operates at 45 MBits/sec. By 1996, there are plans to boost the data rate to 155 MBits/sec and to 620 MBits/sec by the turn of century.

In this thesis, present actual NSFNET is simulated using software simulation tool Networkll.5. The …

Performance Modeling Of High Data Rate Ring Networks Using Stochastic Petri Nets, Le Zhong

Theses

This thesis has proposed a performance analysis method for Carrier Sensing Multiple Access Ring Network (CSMA) based on Petri net methodologies. The method can offer more accurate results than traditional queuing methods, but less than simulation results. In the CSMA network access protocol is studied in this thesis, when a passing message is detected by a station, it stops transmitting immediately in order to avoid a collision.

A generalized stochastic Petri nets model is made first, then the SPNP package is used to do the analysis. The analysis results show that even at a very heavy load fraction of near …

A Hybrid Low Bit-Rate Video Codec Using Subbands And Statistical Modeling, Ferhat Cakrak

Theses

A hybrid low bit-rate video codes using subbands and statistical modeling is proposed in this thesis. The redundancy within adjacent video frames is exploited by motion estimation and compensation. The Motion Compensated Frame Difference (MCFD) signals are decomposed into 7 subbands using 2-D dyadic tree structure and separable filters. Some of the subband signals are statistically modeled by using the 2-D AR(1) technique. The model parameters provide a representation of these subbands at the receiver side with a. certain level of error. The remaining subbands are compressed employing a classical waveform coding technique, namely vector quantization (VQ).

It is shown …

A Multi-Dimensional Model Of Passive Mesfets For Use In Non-Linear Microwave Signal Processing, Roger Dorval

Theses

A multi-dimensional model which accurately predicts device non-linearities over frequency and power has been developed for MESFETs used in a passive configuration in microwave signal processing applications.

Historically, MESFETs have been used in linear control applications as passive microwave switches and attenuators. More recently, MESFETs operated as passive elements have been employed as power-sensitive non-linear transfer function generators to produce limiters, phase shifters, and linearizers. These devices offer simplicity, high performance, and the opportunity for application in MMIC technology.

This thesis deals with a mapping of passive MESFET non-linear characteristics, and provides insight into the causes of non-linearity in MESFETs …

Investigation Of Cebus Traffic Across A Router, With And Without Acknowledgment, Wannakuwattawaduge Lalith Fernando

Theses

A power line and twisted pair implementation of the Consumer Electronic Bus(CEBus) has great potential toward inexpensive home automation. Since the introduction of the CEBus Standard, there has been increasing efforts on evaluating its performance. However, most of the work has been performed for unacknowledged networks. Pan[18] was able to implement an acknowledged network for PL CEBus. In this thesis, the acknowledgment process has been taken one step further. The effect of acknowledgment on a Power Line and Twisted Pair CEBus network interconnected by a router is studied. CEBus network performance parameters such as message and packet delays, message throughput, …

Polarimetric Fiber Optic Weigh-In-Motion Sensor, Jieping Wang

Theses

During the past decade, the demand for new methods of measuring the weight of moving vehicles has grown substantially. In the 1980's, several techniques for weighing vehicles in motion were developed. However, they often suffer from high installation and maintenance costs as well as low accuracy. This thesis describes a new technique based on polarization preserving optical fibers. A fibercore HB600 Bow-Tie fiber with an initial beat length of 1.16 mm was employed in the present study. Sensor response is discussed in terms of the effects of force amplitudes and velocities on the calibration parameter T_f. T_{f …}

On Generalized Adaptive Neural Filter, Zhiqiang Zhang

Dissertations

Linear filters have historically been used in the past as the most useful tools for suppressing noise in signal processing. It has been shown that the optimal filter which minimizes the mean square error (MSE) between the filter output and the desired output is a linear filter provided that the noise is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). However, in most signal processing applications, the noise in the channel through which a signal is transmitted is not AWGN; it is not stationary, and it may have unknown characteristics.

To overcome the shortcomings of linear filters, nonlinear filters ranging from the median …

Design, Fabrication And Characterization Of Infrared Filters, Samiul Amin

Theses

In-situ temperature monitoring, mapping, and control have become significant in semiconductor processes. Temperature of these processes can be measured by making use of the thermal emission from substrates in the infrared region. Various methods have been proposed to provide multicolor infrared detection. One such method involves placing segmented infrared filters close to the focal plane. The present study aims at gaining an insight into the design, fabrication and characterization of infrared filters. Filters were designed and fabricated with peak transmission at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 m. Extensive spectroscopic studies, using FTIR spectroscopy, have been performed in the infrared region, on …

Traffic Management Of A Satellite Communication Network Using Stochastic Optimization, Ambalavanar Arulambalam

Theses

The performance of nonhierachial circuit switched networks at moderate load conditions is improved when alternate routes are made available. However, alternate routes introduce instability under heavy and overloaded conditions, and under these load conditions network performance is found to deteriorate. To alleviate this problem, a control mechanism is used where, a fraction of the capacity of each link is reserved for direct routed calls.

In this work, a traffic management scheme is developed to enhance the performance of a mesh-connected, circuit-switched satellite communication network. The network load is measured and the network is continually adapted by reconfiguring the map to …

An Efficient Guaranteed Bandwidth And Balancing Mechanism For High Speed Mans, Venediktos Hadjisavvas

Theses

The Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) has become the IEEE 802.6 stan-dard for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). The main advantage of DQDB is that its throughput performance is not affected by the network parameters such as size, number of connected stations, or channel bandwidth. Its main drawback is that the location of the stations on the bus strongly affects their performance. For this reason a Bandwidth Balancing Mechanism (BBM_DQDB) has been proposed and included in the 802.6 standard that can provide the requested bandwidth by the lightly loaded stations and evenly distribute the remaining bandwidth among the overloaded stations. The …

Model Parameter Identification Of The Oscillatory Potential In The Electroretinogram, Sung Hoon Jang

Theses

A mathematical model of the oscillatory potential which may be a useful clinical tool to diagnose the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The model has been investigated by compressing from oscillatory potential into three parameters which contain most of the information for the oscillatory potential data.

About thirty subjects including both normal and diabetic subjects were investigated in this study. Comparing normal and diabetic subjects, we found amplitude parameter was most important factor to classify subjects by normal and diabetic.

Since modeling of the oscillatory potential and the estimation of the model parameters were our final goal, we haven't proposed to …

Object Oriented Design Of Petri Net Simulator, Himanshu Juneja

Theses

Petri nets are highly useful for modeling discrete event dynamic systems. The objective of this effort is to develop a tool for drawing, editing and simulating Petri nets using object oriented programming on a standard platform. The object oriented approach was chosen because of its code reuse and extendability features which simplify the task of adding features to the tool as the model evolves. The design stresses on modeling of the problem by objects which closely relate the system design with the implementation.

C++ is used for implementing the object oriented design, and the XView toolkit is used for building …

Simplification Of The Generalized Adaptive Neural Filter And Comparative Studies With Other Nonlinear Filters, Henry Steven Hanek

Theses

Recently, a new class of adaptive filters called Generalized Adaptive Neural Filters (GANFs) has emerged. They share many characteristics in common with stack filters, include all stack filters as a subset. The GANFs allow a very efficient hardware implementation once they are trained. However, there are some problems associated with GANFs. Three of these arc slow training speeds and the difficulty in choosing a filter structure and neural operator.

This thesis begins with a tutorial on filtering and traces the GANF development up through its origin -- the stack filter. After the GANF is covered in reasonable depth, its use …

Magnetohydrodynamic Behavior Under Current Impulse Excitation, Shi Wu

Theses

The effects of magnetic field on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel flow between two parallel plates of infinite extent are investigated. The applied magnetic field is due to an infinite impulse current-carrying conductor located a small distance below the lower channel wall. Influence of the induced magnetic field, such that the magnetic Reynolds number (R_m) is less than unity but greater than zero, is included. The solution is obtained using the perturbation theory in the expansion of the field components in a double-power series in R_m and I. Calculations for the magneto-fluid components were carried out using personal computer. …

Investigation Of The Pl Cebus Performance With And Without Acknowledgment, Menghan Pan

Theses

The power line implementation of the consumer electronic bus (PL CEBUS) is a promising and inexpensive approach for home automation. Since the intro¬duction of the PL CEBUS standards, there has been increasing efforts on evaluating its performance. However, all the works have been performed for unacknowledged networks. This thesis presents the first successful evaluation of the PL CEBUS with acknowledment. Three different cases, namely, 600, 300 and 100 bits packet sizes, have been considered. The evaluation included the simulation of performance parameters such as message and packet delays, message throughput, and channel throughput. Acknowledged network performance has been confirmed to …

Linear Ccd Motion Detection System, Thekepat J. Sudesh

Theses

The mechanical response to electrical stimuli of the human membrane represents an important area of research in medicine. A linear sensing system was designed and fabricated to measure the displacements (along a specified direction) and the frequency response of a ear membrane, the Outer Hair Cell (OHC). The output of this system was a voltage proportional to the instantaneous position of the bimorph and could be displayed on an oscilloscope.

The system consisted of optics to project the image of the vibrating membrane onto a Linear CCD Camera and electronic analog and digital circuitry which produced an instantaneous voltage proportional …

Design Of Mask For Striped Filters And Thin-Film Multi-Layer Emissivity Modeling For Multi-Wavelength Imaging Pyrometer, Jitesh Navinchandra Shah

Theses

Multi-Wavelength Imaging Pyrometry (M-WIP) measures thermal radiation of any target (color or gray) in multiple narrow-spectral-regions and can simultaneously determine target temperature and emissivity. One approach for measuring radiation at multiple wavelengths using a 320X244 element Pt-Si SBD infrared camera is to use narrow-band striped filters deposited on a transparent substrate with proper alignment. The major focus of this thesis was the design of a four layer mask for investigating the feasibility of defining three-wavelength striped filters compatible with focal plane array. This mask design allows twelve distinct narrow band striped filter geometries and four test-patterns on a 4-inch silicon …

Real Time Control Of A Dual Resonator System, Penghuai Shen

Theses

An experimental multi-resonator system has been developed to study modelling and robust control of such systems in a real-time environment. The plant to be controlled consists of a pair of interconnected resonators whose resonant frequency and plant structure are known. The control objectives are to provide closed loop stability and asymptotic regulation of the frequency, gain and phase of each of the resonators. Furthermore, it is desired to use a minimal controller configuration so as to reduce implementational complexity.

The theoretical results follow directly the paper " Decentralized Robust Control of Interconnected Resonators" written by my advisor Dr. Timothy N. …

Comparison Between Stimulated Emg And Natural Emg, Zak Belfki

Theses

The electromyograph (EMG) signal generated from a cat's jaw muscle in movement, is analyzed. After a series of experiments at UMDNJ, three major categories of EMG were recorded: rest EMG, biting EMG and hissing EMG.

The biting files contained a series of EMG collected in successive episodes. Power spectrum and statistical analysis were applied to the episodes. Each episode had approximately 43,000 samples. Results showed that these episodes had a similar spectrum with statistically the same mean and variance.

The hissing files were produced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus and contained EMG embedded in a stimulus artifact. The problem …

A High-Temperature Pressure Sensor Utilizing Linear Voltage Differential Transformer (Lvdt) And Silicon Wafer-To-Wafer Fusion Bonding Technologies, Robert Sylvester Okojie

Theses

A novel high-temperature pressure sensor was designed based on the principle of magnetic induction. The device is meant to correct the problems inherent in conventional Solid-State pressure transducers such as piezoresistive and capacitive at temperatures above 300°C. Prominent among these problems are increased leakage current, reduced absolute sensitivity, redistributed impurity concentration profile, and thermal mismatch.

This thesis combined the Biot Savart magnetostatic principle and the theory of deflecting clamped circular plates to obtain the microelectromechanical relationship. The problem of thermal mismatch was resolved by the symmetrical layering of a Si₃N₄/TaSi₂/Si₃N₄ sandwich, …

A Parallel Processing Architecture For Dqdb Protocol Implementation, Nilesh Vinubhai Gandhi

Theses

The high bandwidth transmission links, which have been provided by the advances of Fiber Optics Technology, reduce drastically the packet transmission times and place new demands on the nodal protocol processing. Segmentation and reassembly of packets, computation of checksums, introduction of source and destination addresses, etc., must be performed extremely fast in order to prevent node processing from becoming the bottleneck of the transmission. Parallel processing enables the execution of the previous tasks on multiple packets simultaneously and therefore has the potential of addressing the issue of fast node processing successfully. In this thesis we focus on the Medium Access …

Modeling Of Rapid Thermal Processing System By Finite Element Method, Helen Martynov

Theses

A finite element model for the Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) system at NJIT was developed based on the software package MSC/NASTRAN. Based on this model, a thermal analysis of the 9" chamber, 3 zones (37 lamps) RTP system was conducted for various modes of system operation with the 6" silicon wafer temperature varying from 300°K to 1100°K. An open-loop control algorithm was developed in order to study the dependence of wafer temperature on time, position, and applied radiant heat distribution. It was shown that the non-uniformity in the radial temperature profile can be less than 3°C during wafer heating at …

Radiation From A Tapered Dielectric Rod Antenna, Anil Prabhakar

Theses

The radiation fields from a cylindrical dielectric taper is studied. The numerical results of a theoretical model for a taper excited by the dominant HEn mode is compared with experimental measurements. A theoretical mode] for the next propa¬gating mode in the structure. the TE01 mode. is investigated and numerical results based on this proposed model are generated. The theoretical models are based upon the combination of the exact modal field solutions for a step profile cylindrical dielectric rod waveguide. local mode Hum-T. and the equivalence principle for the determination of equivalent current densities.

The far-zone radiation field is considered to …

Rigorous Te Solution To The Staircase Model Of The Dielectric Wedge Antenna, Wan-Yu Chen

Theses

The rigorous TE solution to the staircase model of the dielectric wedge antenna is presented. The fundamental, even TE surface wave mode of the dielectric slab waveguide is taken to excite a dielectric wedge which is formed by symmetrically tapering the slab. The method of solution is based on Marcuse's step-transition method. Radiation patterns of power gain are presented which show increased maximum power gains and narrower main lobe beamwidths for longer wedges. For higher dielectric constant material, the main lobe beamwidth is increased. In all cases examined, negligible sidelobes were obtained.

Hardware Design For Jpeg And A Comparative Study Of Jpeg And Mpeg Image Compression Algorithms, Aravind Soundararajan

Theses

The complete PC-based hardware design along with the initialization and control software of the JPEG algorithm is presented in this thesis. The hardware could run in real-time to compress, decompress and display still frame images. LSI Logic JPEG chipset was used in the design. This is a dedicated chipset for the JPEG compression algorithm.

A simulation software was used for studying the performance of MPEG video compression algorithm. Various video test sequences were compressed through the codec simulation software and the resulting rate-distortion performance was calculated. These are compared with the performance of JPEG based image sequence compressor.

It is …

Minimum Redundancy Array Structure For Interference Cancellation, Wan-Ling Chen

Dissertations

Adaptive antenna arrays are widely used in many advanced radar, sonar, and communication systems because of their effectiveness in cancelling intentional or unintentional interferers. A uniformly spaced linear array, referred to as a Uniform Regular Array (URA), is the usual structure used for interference cancellation. The Minimum Redundancy Array (MRA) structure proposed in this work is a special kind of thinned array whose application was limited in the past to direction finding. MRAs with the same number of array elements can resolve directions of much more closely spaced signals than URAs.

The URA structure is customarily utilized for interference cancellation, …