Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Automated Instrumentation System To Monitor Behavioral Experiments, Dilip S. Gokhale

Theses

An instrumentation system has been designed to monitor behavioral experiments on monkeys. This instrumentation system is capable of performing these experiments in an automated manner without any human intervention. It is capable of monitoring these experiments concurrently in six boxes. It exhibits several features that make it more versatile than previous instrumentation systems. It is also capable of storing the data generated on to a floppy disk and later transmitting it to the mainframe.

Another feature that makes it more versatile is the flexibility of the system. Presently it is configured to run experiments with variable interval schedules. However with …

Microcomputer Controlled Instrumentation System For Studies Of Metabolic Changes In Rats, Murat Dertlioglu

Theses

The system measures the respiratory exchange in rats in a controlled experiment. An interface unit provides data, received from several measurement instruments such as gas analyzers, an electronic flowmeters, electronic thermometer and an electronic hygrometer, to the computer. The data is gathered from different chambers in a multiplexed mode.

The computer samples the chambers sequentially and prints out the results and stores them on the disk. The sampling duration of each chamber and the number of the rats to be tested can be programmed. The system can perform experiments with twelve animals, in the following arrangments, either one group of …

Computer Based Instrumentation System For Measurement Of Cardiac Output In Small Animals, Prasad L. Gavaskar

Theses

The task of the instrumentation system is to measure cardiac output in animals like rats, dogs, etc. A thermal-dilution method is used for this purpose. The temperature change due to injection of saline is picked up by thermo-couple microprobes implanted in the blood-vessel. The signal after conditioning is fed to a data acquisition system controlled by a computer.

With the help of a computer it is thus possible to monitor and control an experiment on several animals. The computer can sample the chambers sequentially. The sampling cycle duration and frequency are programmable. The data is collected and processed to determine …

Performance Modeling And Simulation Of Multiple Microcomputer Systems, Moorthy Narayana Hariharan

Theses

Multiple processor systems are the logical choice for applications demanding high computing power, throughput and reliability. Moderately coupled Multiple Microprocessor systems can be applied to a variety of applications demanding high performance. The structure of Multiple Microprocessor systems is examined. Various interconnection structures are analysed for performance comparisons.

Queueing theory is a powerful tool in modeling and analysing Computer systems. Queueing models are developed for popular Multiple processor interconnection topolog es like the Shared memory, Shared bus, Star and Loop configurations.

The usefulness of Digital computer Simulation techniques in estimating the performance of Multiple processor systems is demonstrated through a …

Decision Rules Applied To Spread Spectrum Signal Detection, Richard Jae Kim

Theses

Decision rules for detection of spread spectrum signals were investigated. For each decision rule, error and erasure probabilities were analyzed. The obtained data was used to plot PE vs Pe for constant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). With the use of the probability of a word error curves the optimum threshold setting was found for a given SNR.

FSK (orthogonal signalling) and PSK (antipodal signalling) were considered for modulating the chips. When the PE vs Pe plots for FSK and PSK were compared, PSK performed better than FSK by a ratio of 6 dB.

Finally, analog and digital correlation of the received …

Reliability Studies On Solid Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors, Hamed Nassar

Theses

The primary objective of this thesis is to determine and analyze the failure mechanisms of solid tantalum capacitors, pinpoint the causes, and suggest the precautionary measures that prevent the occurrence of these failures. To achieve this goal, the study went in two directions, theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part-is a comprehensive review of the work -done on tantalum capacitors since 1960 up to date.

The experimental part of the study is a life test (1000 hours) of solid tantalum capacitors under humidity and high temperature. To avoid the misconception that could happen by investigating a particular manufacturer's product, units from …

The Detection Of Partial Discharges In Transformer Oil, Gerald J. Fitzpatrick

Theses

The level, meaning the number and the intensity Of partial discharges that occur in transformer oil per time period of applied pulse when a high voltage is applied can be used as a measure of the quality and remaining life of the oil. The level of partial discharges at a given applied voltage can be correlated with the degree of contamination of the oil by impurities such as water and conductive particles and can be used as an indicator of the proximity of the oil to breakdown. There are several approaches to the detection of partial discharges, e.g., acoustic measurements, …

Decentralized Optimal Control With Application To Dynamic Routing In Computer Communication Networks, Ning Wang

Dissertations

This research considers the dynamic routing problem of computer communication networks in the framework of decentralized control theory. The routing dynamics are modeled in terms of a state equation with multiple controllers. Routing, or control of message flow, is formulated as an optimal control problem with multiple decision makers. Each decision maker may have access to different set of information and work cooperatively to optimize a common system performance index.

Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality are derived for a system with a deterministic and a stochastic traffic patterns under a linear information structure and a quadratic performance index. The …

Spectral Analysis Of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses, Amir Hossein Massumkhani

Theses

In this study, the power spectrum density of the brainstem auditory evoked responses is estimated by the method of periodogram. Several techniques for reducing the leakage due to the finite length of data, smoothing the spectrum and reducing the ambiguity in the spectrum due to the resolution are studied. It is shown that a Hamming window reduces the leakage considerably and zero extention of the data to 512 points produces sufficient spectrum bandwidth. Three major peaks are observed at 100, 500, and 1000 Hz which are stable for different evoked responses. In one case with a delayed wave V, the …

Optimization Of A New Linear Fm Detector Using Digital Signal Processing Techniques, Edward J.A. Kratt

Dissertations

This dissertation describes and synthesizes a new member of the family of FM detectors introduced earlier by Klapper and Kratt. A salient property of these detectors is low delay with excellent sensitivity. The emphasis in the new detector is on the ease of digital implementation. In addition, the new detector is also extremely linear. In congruence with the other Klapper-Kratt detectors, it makes use of zero group delay elements, balance at RF, quasi-synchronous detection and carrier cancellation. The Performance of the detector is mathematically analyzed under the conditions of a modulated input wave, sinewave [sic] interference, and noise. The results …

Application Of Fuzzy Theory To Pattern Recognition, David Usechak

Dissertations

Piecewise curve approximation is used to describe boundaries of objects in pictures and waveforms. The method consists of linear and quadratic piecewise polynomial approximations in which the error must not exceed a predetermined cost threshold. A fuzzy Bayes model is used to determine if a breakpoint exists within an interval I_n or between intervals I_n and I_n+1 and to determine whether these intervals can be merged for data compaction reasons. In order to achieve these objectives a new fast algorithm has been proposed which gives good curve/object fitting. This algorithm uses a technique for generating generalized inverse …

An Experimental System For Observation Of The Rat Coronary Microcirculation Using Digital Image Processing, Wolfgang Braun

Theses

A system was constructed which allows direct observation of the coronary microcirculation of the beating rat heart. An EKG triggered strobe is used on the microscope light source to "stop" the action of the beating heart so the surface microvessels can be observed di rectly under the microscope. Experimental results are recorded on videotape and played back for frame-by-frame analysis of the data using digital Image processing techniques such as digital filtering, image extraction, image enhancement and edge detection.

The application of image enhancement techniques (high order and low order enhancement methods ) as well as edge detection using a …

Gallium Nitride Film Deposition By Ionized Cluster Beam Epitaxy, Ghulum Bakiri

Theses

An experimental Ionized Cluster Beam System similar in design to the one developed at Kyoto University in Japan was. designed and constructed in the Microelectronics Laboratory at NJIT. This involved making the working drawings, having the parts machined and then assembling the system in a vacuum system together with the necessary variable power supplies, meters, controls, gas inlets, cooling water connections, etc.

Eleven deposition runs were then attempted to grow gallium nitride utilizing the system constructed. In a typical deposition run, gallium was vaporized from a boron nitride crucible at 1000° C and allowed to expand through a 0.5 mm …

The Role Of Electrical Noise In Screening Transformers Prone To Failure, Rajeev D. Shirodkar

Theses

Insulation used as a barrier between the high voltage and low voltage windings of a transformer has sites of in- homogeneities like pinholes, cracks or voids, developed during the manufacturing process. Thus, these minute air pockets are stressed much more than the solid dielectric, on the application of a voltage stress, because the dielectric constant of the solid insulation is many times that of the air dielectric. As a result, excitation or ionization takes place in the air (gases). The amount of excited or ionized molecules is proportional to the volume of the inhomogenei- ties within the insulation.

Therefore, experiments …

A Parameter Identification System For The Human Visual Evoked Response, Robert Kalle Michaels

Theses

The Human Visual Evoked Response (VER) provides a useful tool for analyzing an individual's visual system. However, mere inspection of the signal may not always be the best way to make a diagnosis of the patient. To aid in this diagnosis a parameter identification system has been developed which fits the response to an analog model. The development of the model was based on the results of a survey of previous work in the field. Data were acquired from a data acquisition/processing system developed at the New Jersey University of Medicine and Dentistry and the Eye Institute of New Jersey. …

Broadband Base Isolated Asymetrically Fed Vhf Antenna, Peter Edward Cunningham

Dissertations

Antennas presently being used for vehicular military VHF communications are narrowband. New generation frequency hopping radios, however, require broadband antennas. The antenna must be base isolated in order to reduce undesirable pattern nulls and impedance variations caused by currents induced on the support structure. Physical constraints limit the antenna length to three meters while operating from a frequency of 30 MHz to 88 MHz.

To satisfy the above requirements a model of a broadband, base isolated, cylindrical antenna less than three meters long was analyzed and built. Equations for the current distribution as a function of the physical parameters were …

Moment Method Solution Of The Time-Dependent Transport Equation To Describe The Scattering Of Gaussian Plane Wave Pulses By A Forest, Nack Yang Cho

Theses

The time dependent transport equation is used to study the transmission of periodic pulses through a forest. The forest is assumed to occupy a half-space region, to be statistically homogeneous and to scatter energy isotropically A periodic sequence of Gaussian plane wave pulses is assumed to enter the forest normally from free space. The transport equation is solved by the moment method using triangular expansion functions. Numerical results indicate the dependence of the incoherent intensity on penetration depth, observation angle, albedo and pulse repetition rate.

Error Detection For Data Communication Systems, John Biancamano

Theses

A description of the problems encountered in the data communications field and the various solutions can be found in a number of diverse, and often theoretical sources. My intention in writing this thesis is to bring together, in a practical and understandable manner, the theory and the application of a method of error detection used extensively in data communication systems known as the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

To provide some background on the subject, a description of a data communication system is presented, and the possible sources of error are explored in some detail. Data transmission formats are described, and …

Adaptive Delta Modulation, Aliuddin Ahmad

Theses

The objective of this thesis is the study of the performance of instantaneously companded adaptive delta modulation (ADM) systems in comparison with linear delta modulation (LDM) in terms of signal to quantization noise ratio (SNR). Various schemes for ADM are discussed and their advantages and disadvantages are indicated. SNRs are calculated by simulation, with IBM's continuous system modeling programming (CSMP) language being used as a tool for simulation. LDM, first and second order constant factor delta modulation (CFDM), has been simulated and responses for different types of input signals are presented.

Remote Attitude Measurement Techniques, Frank John Elmer

Dissertations

A method has been developed for solving practical problems which can be expressed in terms of physical geometry. These problems often involve combining directional information observed by remotely located sensors reported in their own respective local coordinate systems. To transform this information into a common coordinate system, the attitude of the sensors must be measured with respect to this common coordinate system.

Physical geometry is a generalization of mathematical -geometry where objects define the endpoints of figures composed of ensembles of lines. A probabilistic approach has been taken which is based on the fundamental assumption that the objects can be …

Pattern Generation And Fault Detection In Digital Circuits Using A Microprocessor, Syed Riffat Ali

Theses

The main object of this Professional Project was to establish a microcomputer based system which could detect faults in digital circuits. Hardware and software for the Motorola 6800 microcomputer system was fully developed. Node level diagnostic programs were then used to pump known "Bit Patterns" into digital circuits and responses recorded via Pseudorandom binary sequence generator using CRC code. This method also known as "Signature Analysis" was then applied to detect faults successfully in Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter or UART Circuits.

Study Of Compositional Changes (Altered Layer) In (Hg,Cd)Te Targets Sputtered With Hg Vapor, Robert Granville Bourne

Theses

Six mercury cadmium telluride targets (5.74 cm diameter) with six polycrystalline (Hg_0.8 Cd_0.2 )Te ingots (1 x 3 x 0.7 cm ± 20%) epoxied on them, were r.f. sputtered in an MRC-8800 triode system for 1, 2, 3, and 5 minutes. The six sputtering runs were made with 3 different Hg pressures of 1.0, 1.25, and 1.6μm while the uniform target power density was kept constant at 7.7W/cm². After sputtering a target, Br₂ +CH₃OH was used to chemically etch the sputtered ingots to different depths. The surface composition of the etched ingots was …

Analysis Of Oscillations In Nonlinear Systems Using Multiple Input Describing Functions, Frederic Lee Swern

Dissertations

Sufficient conditions for oscillation as well as absence of oscillations are presented for a class of systems containing one lumped linear element and a differentiable nonlinearity. The results are obtained by estimating the error inherent in using a describing function analysis. Contraction type arguments are used to show common topological properties of the describing function solution and the balance of first harmonic terms of the system.

After discussing the describing function method, two theorems are presented regarding existence or nonexistence of oscillations from homotopic considerations. A graphical method for examining systems with power law nonlinearities is given using a parameter …

Investigations Of Gate Turn-Off Structures, Hans Werner Becke

Dissertations

Research and Development was done on gate turn-off devices. The aim was i) to improve turn-off capability without compromise of turn-on, on-state, and useful temperature range, ii) to implement "safe" turn-off.

A) The dependence of the electrical device characteristics on cathode width for an optimized vertical structure was determined. Fall times of 100 to 200 nsec and risetimes of <400 nsec were simultaneously obtained for average current densities of 53 A/cm² @ T_j = 125°C. From spreading resistance analysis the fast t_r and t_f response is shown to be a consequence of proper Au-distribution in the active device volume.

From transient analysis it is concluded that for safe …

Statistical Averaging In Position Determination By Holography Under Turbulence Conditions, Paul Aloysius Mcgovern

Dissertations

An investigation of several, disparate phenomena is conducted with the aim of developing a novel surveying system capable of overcoming the limitations imposed by turbulence in modern surveying. This method incorporates standard holographic techniques and time domain statistical averaging of survey data.

Some pertinent characteristics of atmospheric turbulence are reviewed, and the restrictions imposed on standard surveying practices by such turbulence are identified. A model for the turbulent medium is proposed on the basis of previous work and several theoretical results are summarized and extended.

On this basis the technical characteristics of the proposed technique are developed and each step …

The Minimum Maximal-Cube Covering Approach To Switching Theory, Yu-Tsang Gene Hwang

Dissertations

This dissertation is devoted to the construction of a new algebraic structure for the K-map so that algorithms and theorems can be derived for the minimization of Boolean functions and at the same time provide for the manipulation of Boolean functions as freely as one could on the K-map.

Computer programs have been included to demonstrate the theory and numerous examples of various complexity have been worked out in the appendices.

A Microprocessor Based Digital Logic Simulator, Kevin Dresher

Theses

It is the intent of this thesis to acquaint the reader with a tool which is available for use in the digital circuit design field. The reader is now able to totally simulate via DLS the digital logic design he creates on paper before it ever takes a hardware form. The computer program accepts a detailed description of the schematic and creates timing diagrams, loading statistics, cross references, and various lists for future documentation.

The user needs no programming knowledge and will find the requirements to run a simulation with DLS extremely user oriented. The simulation descriptions and command language …

Theory And Design Of Cyclotron-Wave Traveling-Wave Amplifiers, Arthur H. Gottfried

Dissertations

A theory and design procedure for traveling-wave tubes using cyclotron-wave interactions is developed. An analysis is presented of the energy exchange mechanism and the axial beam velocity spread induced by the r.f. interactions. The analysis of the energy spread in a realistic model of the beam with nonzero size and nonzero space-charge density shows that higher maximum efficiencies at higher power is attainable (with collector depression) in cyclotron-wave amplifiers than in synchronous-wave amplifiers.

A one-watt, and a ten-watt cyclotron-wave amplifier at 3 GHz, utilizing bifilar helix circuits, scaled from a 2 kW, 5 GHz design, were constructed. A computer was …

Noise Performance Of The Klapper-Kratt Low Delay Fm Detector, Allan Brown Tarbell

Dissertations

In this dissertation the dual differentiator version of the Klapper-Kratt FM detector family is investigated with additive Gaussian noise. Prior analysis of this new detector family has been limited to the noiseless case.

The investigation was conducted both analytically and experimentally. First, the dual differentiator version of the Klapper-Kratt detector was mathematically analyzed, assuming an unmodulated carrier plus additive Gaussian noise. This analysis was verified by assembling the detector and measuring its performance in the laboratory.

It was discovered that the Klapper-Kratt detector without limiter performs identically to the conventional limiter discriminator in the linear improvement region. When compared to …

Signal Processing Techniques For Analysis Of Heart Sounds And Electrocardiograms, Alan D. Bernstein

Dissertations

Audible heart sounds represent less than 5% of the vibrational energy associated with the cardiac cycle. In this study, experiments have been conducted to explore the feasibility of examining cardiac vibration by means of a single display encompassing the entire bandwidth of the oscillations and relating components at different frequencies. Zero-phase-shift digital filtering is shown to be required in producing such displays, which extend from a recognizable phonocardiogram at one frequency extreme to a recognizable apexcardiogram at the other. Certain features in mid-systole and early diastole, observed by means of this technique, appear not to have been previously described.

Frequency …