Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Monoclinic Optical Constants, Birefringence, And Dichroism Of Slanted Titanium Nanocolumns Determined By Generalized Ellipsometry, Daniel Schmidt, Benjamin Booso, Tino Hofmann, Eva Schubert, Andrew Sarangan, Mathias Schubert

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry determines the principal monoclinic optical constants of thin films consisting of slanted titanium nanocolumns deposited by glancing angle deposition under 85° incidence and tilted from the surface normal by 47°. Form birefringence measured for wavelengths from 500 to 1000 nm renders the Ti nanocolumns monoclinic absorbing crystals with c-axis along the nanocolumns, b-axis parallel to the film interface, and 67.5° monoclinic angle between the aand c-axes. The columnar thin film reveals anomalous optical dispersion, extreme birefringence, strong dichroism, and differs completely from bulk titanium. Characteristic bulk interband transitions are absent in the spectral range investigated.

Inhibition Of Linear Absorption In Opaque Materials Using Phase-Locked Harmonic Generation, Marco Centini, Vito Roppo, Eugenio Fazio, Federico Pettazzi, Concita Sibilia, Joseph W. Haus, John V. Foreman, Neset Akozbek, Mark J. Bloemer, Michael Scalora

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate inhibition of linear absorption for phase and group velocity mismatched second- and third-harmonic generation in strongly absorbing materials, GaAs, in particular, at frequencies above the absorption edge.

A 100-fs pump pulse tuned to 1300 nm generates 650 and 435 nm second- and third-harmonic pulses that propagate across a 450−μm-thick GaAs substrate without being absorbed.

We attribute this to a phase-locking mechanism that causes the pump to trap the harmonics and to impress on them its dispersive properties.

Modeling And Characterization Of Adaptive Lanthanum-Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate (Plzt) Microlenses, Yasser A. Abdelaziez, Partha P. Banerjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We report the modeling and characterization of adaptive voltage controlled electro-optic microlenses. First, we utilize finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate the induced electro-optic effect in lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT). FEA simulation provides microlens parameters such as phase and focal length. A simple z-scan method is developed to fully characterize the adaptive voltage controlled linear lens. Experimental z-scan results are shown to match the theoretical predictions from FEA.

Tailoring Metallodielectric Structures For Superresolution And Superguiding Applications In The Visible And Near-Ir Ranges, Domenico De Ceglia, Maria Antonietta Vincenti, M. G. Cappeddu, Marco Centini, Neset Akozbek, Antonella D'Orazio, Joseph W. Haus, Mark J. Bloemer, Michael Scalora

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We discuss propagation effects in realistic, transparent, metallodielectric photonic band gap structures in the context of negative refraction and super-resolution in the visible and near infrared ranges. In the resonance tunneling regime, we find that for transverse-magnetic incident polarization, field localization effects contribute to a waveguiding phenomenon that makes it possible for the light to remain confined within a small fraction of a wavelength, without any transverse boundaries, due to the suppression of diffraction. This effect is related to negative refraction of the Poynting vector inside each metal layer, balanced by normal refraction inside the adjacent dielectric layer: The degree …

A Nondestructive Technique For Determining Complex Permittivity And Permeability Of Magnetic Sheet Materials Using Two Flanged Rectangular Waveguides, Milo W. Hyde Iv, Michael J. Havrilla

Faculty Publications

In this paper, a nondestructive technique for determining the complex permittivity and permeability of magnetic sheet materials using two flanged rectangular waveguides is presented. The technique extends existing single probe methods by its ability to simultaneously measure reflection and transmission coefficients imperative for extracting both permittivity and permeability over all frequencies. Using Love’s Equivalence Principle, a system of coupled magnetic field integral equations (MFIEs) is formed. Evaluation of one of the two resulting spectral domain integrals via complex plane integration is discussed. The system, solved via the Method of Moments (MoM),yields theoretical values for the reflection and transmission coefficients. These …

Examination Of Energy And Group Velocities In Positive And Negative Index Chiral Materials With And Without Dispersion, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Partha P. Banerjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Concepts of energy and group velocities, Poynting and propagation vectors are examined for both positive and negative index materials. Known definitions for these entities are explored in terms of the interplay of chirality and dispersion.

Analysis Of Beam Propagation In 90-Degree Holographic Recording And Readout Using Transfer Functions And Numerical 2-D-Laplace Inversion, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Partha P. Banerjee, George Nehmetallah

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Recently, 2-D-Laplace analysis of recording and readout of edge-holograms was reported. Numerical Laplace inversion was examined for simple test cases. Inversion algorithms are applied to examine beam shaping and distortion in photovoltaic and photorefractive materials.

Propagation Of Ultrashort Laser Pulses Through Water, Jianchao Li, Dennis R. Alexander, Haifeng Zhang, Ufuk Parali, David Doerr, John Clark Bruce Iii, Hao Wang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this paper, propagation of ultrashort pulses through a long 3.5 meter water channel was studied. Of particular interest was the attenuation of the beam at various lengths along the variable path length and to find an explanation of why the attenuation deviates from typical Beer Lambert law around 3 meters for ultrashort laser pulse transmission. Laser pulses of 10 fs at 75 MHz, 100 fs at 80 MHz and 300 fs at 1 KHz were employed to investigate the effects of pulse duration, spectrum and repetition rate on the attenuation after propagating through water up to 3 meters. Stretched …

Study Of Soliton Stabilization In D+1 Dimensions Using Novel Analytical And Numerical Techniques, George Nehmetallah, Partha P. Banerjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this Chapter, we provide a brief review of the underlying nonlinear Schrödinger and associated equations that model spatio-temporal propagation in one and higher dimensions in a nonlinear dispersive environment. Particular attention is given to fast adaptive numerical techniques to solve such equations, and in the presence of dispersion and nonlinearity management, saturating nonlinearity and nonparaxiality. A unique variational approach is also outlined which helps in determining the ranges of nonlinearity and dispersion parameters to ensure stable solutions of the nonlinear equations. The propagation of 3+1 dimensional spatio-temporal pulses, or optical bullets is also modeled using a fast adaptive split-step …

Atmospheric Turbulence Compensation Of Point Source Images Using Asynchronous Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Technique On Amos 3.6 M Telescope, Mikhail Vorontsov, Jim F. Riker, Gary W. Carhart, Venkata S. Rao Gudimetla, Leonid A. Beresnev, Thomas Weyrauch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Technique-based Adaptive Optics (SPGD-AO) system described in this presentation does not use a conventional wavefront sensor. It uses a metric signal collected by a single pixel detector placed behind a pinhole in the image plane to drive three deformable mirrors (DMs). The system is designed to compensate the image for turbulence effects. The theory behind this method is described in detail in [1]. However this technique, while widely simulated and tested in the laboratory, was not yet verified in astronomical field site experiments. During the month of May 2007, a series of experiments with SPGD-AO …

Adaptive Optics Performance Over Long Horizontal Paths: Aperture Effects In Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optical Systems, Miao Yu, Mikhail Vorontsov, Svetlana Lachinova, Jim F. Riker, Venkata S. Rao Gudimetla

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We analyze various scenarios of the aperture effects in adaptive optical receiver-type systems when inhomogeneities of the wave propagation medium are distributed over long horizontal propagation path, or localized in a few thin layers remotely located from the receiver telescope pupil. Phase aberration compensation is performed using closed-loop control architectures based on phase conjugation and decoupled stochastic parallel gradient descent (DSPGD) control algorithms. Both receiver system aperture diffraction effects and the impact of wave-front corrector position on phase aberration compensation efficiency are analyzed for adaptive systems with single or multiple wave-front correctors.

Macrobending Fiber Loss Filter, Ratiometric Wavelength Measurement And Application, Qian Wang, Ginu Rajan, Gerald Farrell, Pengfei Wang, Yuliya Semenova, Thomas Freir

Articles

A macrobending standard single-mode fibre (SMF28) is optimized as an edge filter, with the optimal bending radius and length determined according to the bend loss and polarization sensitivity of the bending fibre. An all-fibre ratiometric wavelength system is built and calibrated. The system's accuracy and resolution is discussed with the influence of noise of input signal and photodetectors. Finally, the ratiometric system is employed for the demodulation of FBG strain sensing.

Investigation Of Negative Refractive Index In Reciprocal Chiral Materials, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Partha P. Banerjee, Pradeep R. Anugula

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

It is well known that there exist both natural materials (such as milk or sugar solution) possessing chiral (or handed) properties, as well as an increasing list of man-made materials (such as sodium bromate) that exhibit chirality. One of the principal properties of chirality is that light of any arbitrary polarization, when propagating through a chiral material, splits up into two circular polarizations propagating in different directions. In the past decade or longer, researchers have investigated electromagnetic transverse (plane) wave propagation across a non-chiral/chiral interface, and determined the electromagnetic Fresnel coefficients for such propagation. Traditionally, such coefficients are derived under …

Pocket Deformable Mirror For Adaptive Optics Applications, Leonid A. Beresnev, Mikhail Vorontsov, Peter Wangsness

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Adaptive/active optical elements are designed to improve optical system performance in the presence of phase aberrations. For atmospheric optics and astronomical applications, an ideal deformable mirror should have sufficient frequency bandwidth for compensation of fast changing wave front aberrations induced by either atmospheric turbulences or by turbulent air flows surrounding a flying object (air optical effects). In many applications, such as atmospheric target tracking, remote sensing from flying aircraft, boundary layer imaging, laser communication and laser beam projection over near horizontal propagation paths the phase aberration frequency bandwidth can exceed several kHz. These fast-changing aberrations are currently compensated using relatively …

Adaptive Beam Director For A Tiled Fiber Array, Mikhail Vorontsov, Jim F. Riker, Ernst Polnau, Svetlana Lachinova, Venkata S. Rao Gudimetla

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We present the concept development of a novel atmospheric compensation system based on adaptive tiled fiber array architecture operating with target-in-the-loop scenarios for directed beam applications. The adaptive tiled fiber array system is integrated with adaptive beam director (ABD). Wavefront control and sensing functions are performed directly on the beam director telescope primary mirror. The beam control of the adaptive tiled fiber array aims to compensate atmospheric turbulence-induced dynamic phase aberrations and results in a corresponding brightness increase on the illuminated extended object. The system is specifically designed for tiled fiber system architectures operating in strong intensity scintillation and speckle-modulation …

Effects Of Piconet Saturation On A Bluetooth Streaming Audio Channel, Theodore L. Josue

Theses and Dissertations

Bluetooth is a technology for wireless personal area networks (WPAN) that eliminates the need for cables, standardizes interfaces, and can automate many standard office processes such as sending and receiving email, synchronizing schedules, or exchanging business cards. With each workstation creating its own Bluetooth network, called a piconet, different Air Force environments have the potential, in some cases, to create more than 50 overlapping piconets, which significantly increases the potential for inter-piconet interference. This research investigates the effects of inter-piconet interference on a Bluetooth channel, streaming audio, offered at 24, 40, and 64 Kbps. It shows that as the number …

Design And Implementation Of One And Two-Degree-Of-Freedom Magnetic Suspension And Balance Systems, Mark W. Adams

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The main objectives of this research were to design and implement one and two-degree-of-freedom (1 DOF and 2-DOF) magnetic levitation systems to levitate permanent magnet cores contained in PVC pipes, 8.4 cm and 76.2 cm in length, respectively. This project used the components of a Magnetic Suspension and Balance System (MSBS) that is being built to provide obstruction free positioning of test models in six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) inside the Princeton University/Office of Naval Research High Reynolds Number Test Facility (HRTF). The HRTF, a specialized wind tunnel designed to simulate undersea conditions by creating a low-speed, 3500 PSI air …

Signal Flow Analysis, Partha P. Banerjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Signal flow graphs are a viable alternative to block diagrammatic representation of a system. What makes signal flow graphs attractive is that certain features from graph theory can be applied to the simplification and the synthesis of complex systems.

Functional Nanoparticles In Thin Films As Sensing Media, Elena A. Guliants, Ryan Schwarb, Hope Bearbower, James R. Gord, Christopher E. Bunker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The combination of unique properties offered by materials on the nanoscale with the increased role of surface chemistry in nanostructured solids makes core-shell nanoparticles extremely attractive for application to "smart" thin-film coatings. Sensing properties of nanoparticle-based thin films were studied in several systems containing organic-coated semiconductor and metallic particles. In semiconductors, the interaction of organic shell and/or thin-film "matrix" with the environment results in changes in the nanoparticle's surface states, altering the optical properties of the thin film. Measuring the electrical properties of thin films composed of metallic cores with hydrocarbon shells offers another mechanism to monitor the local environment …

Volume Holographic Recording And Readout For 90-Deg Geometry, Partha P. Banerjee, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Nickolai Kukhtarev, Tatiana Kukhtareva

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

When a prerecorded cross-beam hologram is reconstructed (so-called edge-lit readout) with a uniform plane wave and a point source, the resulting exact solutions reveal Bessel-function-type diffracted beam profiles, which are fundamentally modified under weak propagational diffraction. The case of a profiled beam readout with propagational diffraction may be analyzed using a transfer function approach based on 2-D Laplace transforms. In a second series of investigations, dynamic readout from a cross-beam volume hologram recorded with two orthogonal uniform plane waves is considered for various dependences of the refractive index modulation with intensity. Typically, refractive index profiles that are proportional to the …

Volume Holographic Optical Elements, Ching-Cherng Sun, Partha P. Banerjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The final two papers are concerned with the analysis of novel holograms. Banerjee et al. investigate holographic recording and reconstruction for edge-lit holograms recorded in a 90-degree geometry. Various cases of recording and readout that incorporate propagational diffraction have been modeled. It is shown that the 90-degree geometry can result in beam shaping, as evidenced through preliminary experimental results with photorefractive lithium niobate. Nguyen et al. propose a new approach for designing computer-generated holograms. An artificial neural network is used to initiate the genetic algorithm so that the high computation cost of genetic algorithms for synthesizing holograms is significantly reduced …

Fuzzy Modeling Of Electromagnetic Emissions From Portable Electronic Devices Onboard Commercial Aircraft, Madiha Jamil Jafri

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The use of Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) is prohibited during take-off and landing of an aircraft because PEDs may emit signals that can interfere with the aircraft's navigation and communication systems. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) on the aircraft's electronics due to PEDs emissions is examined for Boeing 737 and 747 aircraft. This work, funded by the NASA Graduate Researchers Program, uses Interference Path Loss (IPL) data, collected by researchers from NASA Langley Research Center, Eagles Wings Inc. and United Airlines on several out-of-service United B737 and B747 airplanes.

B737 and B747 IPL data has been analyzed using a graphical analysis …

Examination Of Focused Beam Propagation Through A Finite Non-Reciprocal Planar Chiral Slab Using Complex Fresnel Coefficients And Dual Transforms, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Sumit Nema, Partha P. Banerjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Recently, uniform plane wave propagation across a nonchiral-chiral interface was examined via the development of appropriate Fresnel coefficients. In this extension, propagation of focused uniform and profiled beams through a finite, planar nonreciprocal chiral slab is investigated using complex Fresnel coefficients via angular plane wave decomposition and dual transforms.

Revisiting The Fresnel Coefficients For Uniform Plane Wave Propagation Across A Nonchiral, Reciprocal And Chiral, Nonreciprocal Interface, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Sumit Nema

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The problem of EM wave propagation in non-reciprocal chiral media has been studied by several investigators. In a recent approach, a dual-transform technique has been developed to study the problem of such propagation under paraxial and slow-envelope variation conditions.

In this paper, we first outline some of the results obtained using the dual transform technique for arbitrary boundary conditions within the left boundary of a semi-infinite, non-reciprocal chiral medium for a uniform plane wave, and a fundamental Gaussian-profiled beam. Next, we explore the problem of a uniform EM wave incident at an oblique angle at an interface between a reciprocal, …

Implementation Of A Si/Sic Hybrid Optically Controlled High-Power Switching Device, Prashant Bhadri, Kuntao Ye, Elena A. Guliants, Fred R. Beyette Jr.

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The ever-increasing performance and economy of operation requirements placed on commercial and military transport aircraft are resulting in very complex systems. As a result, the use of fiber optic component technology has lead to high data throughput, immunity to EMI, reduced certification and maintenance costs and reduced weight features. In particular, in avionic systems, data integrity and high data rates are necessary for stable flight control. Fly-by-Light systems that use optical signals to actuate the flight control surfaces of an aircraft have been suggested as a solution to the EMI problem in avionic systems. Current fly-by-light systems are limited by …

Translation Of 'Balika Badhu: A Selected Anthology Of Bengali Short Stories', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This project, which began with the desire to render into English a rather long tale by Bimal Kar about five years ago, eventually grew into a considerably more extended compilation of Bengali short stories by 10 of the most well-known practitioners of that art since the heyday of Rabindranath Tagore. The collection is limited in many ways, not the least of which being that no woman writer has been included, and that it contains only a baker's dozen stories (if we count Bonophool's micro-stories collectively as one ) — a number pitifully small considering the vast and prolific field of …

A 0.5 Μm Thick Polysilicon Schottky Diode With Rectification Ratio Of 10^6, Elena A. Guliants, Chunhai Ji, Young J. Song, Wayne A. Anderson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Polycrystalline Si films, 0.5-mm thick, were obtained as a result of metal-induced growth by sputtering from a Si target on 25 nm thick Ni prelayers at 525 °C. Silicon grew heteroepitaxially on the NiSi2 layer formed due to the reaction between the sputtered Si atoms and Ni. Schottky diodes were fabricated on the Si films by deposition of a Schottky metal on the front surface of the film while Ni disilicide provided an intimate ohmic contact at the back. A Pd/n-Si diode using an n-Si film annealed for 2 h at 700 °C in forming gas demonstrated a rectification ratio …

Self-Assembly Of Spatially Separated Silicon Structures By Si Heteroepitaxy On Ni Disilicide, Elena A. Guliants, Chunhai Ji, Wayne A. Anderson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A nonlithographic approach to produce self-assembled spatially separated Si structures for nanoelectronic applications was developed, employing the metal-induced silicon growth. Densely packed Si whiskers, 500–800 nm thick and up to 2500 nm long, were obtained by magnetron sputtering of Si on a 25 nm thick Ni prelayer at 575 °C. The nucleation of the NiSi2 compound at the Ni–Si interface followed by the Si heteroepitaxy on the lattice-matched NiSi2 is suggested to be the driving force for the whisker formation.

Feedback Correction Of Angular Error In Grating Readout, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Sundaram Ramachandran

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Angular and wavelength READ beam errors in holographic interconnection systems are often a recurrent problem. Several strategies have been proposed to minimize or eliminate such READOUT misalignments.

Some years ago, Chatterjee and co-workers proposed a method involving READ beam wavelength tuning to correct output angular errors. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using an acousto-optic (A-O) Bragg cell with optoelectronic feedback to dynamically correct the scattered beam for deviations in the incidence direction of the READ beam of a hologram. The concept here is based on an acoustic frequency feedback strategy used recently by Balakshy and Kazaryan for …

Overview Of Acousto-Optic Bistability, Chaos, And Logical Applications, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Erol Sonmez

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

An overview is presented of the key results in the field of acousto-optic bistability in the past two decades. It is shown that the basic acousto-optic bistable device may be described as a nonlinear dynamical system which satisfies a quadratic map. Thereafter, details are presented of several analytical methods, computer modeling approaches, including the SPICE circuit modeling technique, and experiments that have been used to understand the phenomenon.

Extensions to logical and digital applications are also discussed.