Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Sustainability Of Utilizing Renewable And Nuclear Energy In Saudi Arabia Using Different Types Of Life Cycle Assessment, Kamel Almutairi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Evaluating the global environmental impacts of the current and future energy policies in Saudi Arabia using Life cycle assessment (LCA) method was the main objective of this dissertation. First, the attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA) framework was used to evaluate the Saudi’s air conditioning systems, as they are responsible for about 70% of the total Saudi residential electricity consumption. The ALCA’s results showed that the AC use phase produces the largest share of the environmental impact and the magnitude of the environmental impacts is influenced by the type of primary fuel used for electricity generation.

Emerging non-fossil sources of electricity …

Efficacy Of Multi-Threshold Null Convention Logic In Low-Power Applications, Brent Bell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In order for an asynchronous design paradigm such as Multi-Threshold NULL Convention Logic (MTNCL) to be adopted by industry, it is important for circuit designers to be aware of its advantages and drawbacks especially with respect to power usage. The power tradeoff between MTNCL and synchronous designs depends on many different factors including design type, circuit size, process node, and pipeline granularity. Each of these design dimensions influences the active power and the leakage power comparisons. This dissertation analyzes the effects of different design dimensions on power consumption and the associated rational for these effects. Results show that while MTNCL …

Design And Control Of Series Resonant Converters For Dc Current Power Distribution Applications, Hongjie Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With the growth of renewable energy usage and energy storage adoption in recent decades, people have started to reevaluate the possible roles of dc systems in current and future electrical systems. The dc voltage distribution has been applied in various applications, such as data centers and aircraft industry, for high efficiency and power density. However, for some applications such as subsea gas and oil fields, and ocean observatory systems, the dc current distribution is preferred over dc voltage distribution for its low cost and robustness against cable faults. Design and control of dc power distribution systems for different applications is …

Micron/Nano Structure Creation Through Dual Pulse Femtosecond Laser Surface Processing, Nicholas Roth

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A new technique has been developed for creating multiscale micro/nanoscale surfaces on metals. This technique is based on past work in femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP) and dual pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Using a femtosecond laser, pulse pairs were created with varying pulse separations between 0 ps to 500 ps. The creation of surface structures with dual pulse FLSP was studied on Ag, Cu, Ti, Al, Ni, and 304 stainless steel in relation to pulse separation.

Using dual pulse FLSP micro/nano structures have been created for the first time on silver. The silver structures are multiscale in nature …

Hybrid Perovskite Characterization And Device Applications., Kasun Fernando

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hybrid perovskites are a group of materials that has shown a great impact in the field of scientific research in the past decade due to the efficiency gain within a short period of time. Hot casting is one technique that has been producing high efficient and stable solar cells. Electrical transportation of lateral device structure by such film is explored to understand basic properties and predict possible device applications using it. Under dark, memristive ability of the film was explored using various experiments. Unique uni-polar memristor ability was observed. Using the experimental results, a model is hypothesized using the concepts …

High Dynamic Range Optical Devices And Applications., Elijah Robert Jensen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Much of what we know about fundamental physical law and the universe derives from observations and measurements using optical methods. The passive use of the electromagnetic spectrum can be the best way of studying physical phenomenon in general with minimal disturbance of the system in the process. While for many applications ambient visible light is sufficient, light outside of the visible range may convey more information. The signals of interest are also often a small fraction of the background, and their changes occur on time scales so quickly that they are visually imperceptible. This thesis reports techniques and technologies developed …

A Method For Characterization Of Single-Event Latchup Technologies As A Function Of Geometric Variation, Matt Joplin

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology is the dominant integrated circuit (IC) technology in modern electronics systems. As CMOS comprises of p-channel and n-channel transistors, there are parasitic PNPN paths that act as cross-coupled bipolar transistors capable of creating low-impedance paths between the power supply rails known as the “latchup” state. Latchup is destructive and requires a power cycle to restore operation. Latchup can be stimulated by ionizing radiation such as a high-energy proton or heavy-ions from deep space, resulting in a significant vulnerability in CMOS space systems. The sensitivity of an IC to single-event latchup (SEL) depends on various process parameters …

Demand-Aware Charger Planning For Electric Vehicle Sharing, Bowen Du, Yongxin Tong, Zimu Zhou, Qian Tao, Wenjun Zhou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Cars of the future have been predicted as shared and electric. There has been a rapid growth in electric vehicle (EV) sharing services worldwide in recent years. For EV-sharing platforms to excel, it is essential for them to offer private charging infrastructure for exclusive use that meets the charging demand of their clients. Particularly, they need to plan not only the places to build charging stations, but also the amounts of chargers per station, to maximally satisfy the requirements on global charging coverage and local charging demand. Existing research efforts are either inapplicable for their different problem formulations or are …

Smart Adaptive Beam-Forming Antenna Design For Next Generation Communication Systems, Ahmed Umar Kausar

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Adaptive beamforming antennas open a new venue for research to achieve high data rates. Such antennas are of interest at higher frequencies, especially at millimeter-waves. Millimeter-wave band ranges from 30 GHz - 300 GHz. There is an ample bandwidth available in this spectrum. However, due to the significant path loss at high frequencies, there is a need for better error correction schemes and adaptive beam-forming antennas for this frequency band.

The goal of our research is to design a novel adaptive beamforming smart antenna that is low cost, compact, power-efficient and less complex. Based on our recently awarded US patent, …

Secure Device And Knowledge Discovery In Internet Of Things, Shahab Taregh Tayeb

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

With the ever-growing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT), there is continued development and deployment of new nodes with various capabilities and services. Such heterogeneity introduces complexity and a significant need for neighbor service discovery frameworks. Because the types of services available are orders of magnitude more than pre-IoT era, researchers need new techniques to accurately discover not only the topologies and adjacencies but also the capability of other nodes and neighbors. Device discovery is usually the first task to be performed, immediately after deployment, as it enables communications, scheduling, and channel estimation. The existing discovery mechanisms do not consider …

Finite-Time Anti-Synchronization Of Memristive Stochastic Bam Neural Networks With Probabilistic Time-Varying Delays, Manman Yuan, Weiping Wang, Xiong Luo, Linlin Liu, Wenbing Zhao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper investigates the drive-response finite-time anti-synchronization for memristive bidirectional associative memory neural networks (MBAMNNs). Firstly, a class of MBAMNNs with mixed probabilistic time-varying delays and stochastic perturbations is first formulated and analyzed in this paper. Secondly, an nonlinear control law is constructed and utilized to guarantee drive-response finite-time anti-synchronization of the neural networks. Thirdly, by employing some inequality technique and constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function, some anti-synchronization criteria are derived. Finally, a number simulation is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.

Efficacy Of Smart Pv Inverter As A Strategic Mitigator Of Network Harmonic Resonance And A Suppressor Of Temporary Overvoltage Phenomenon In Distribution Systems, Shriram Srinivasarangan Rangarajan

All Dissertations

The research work explores the design of Smart PV inverters in terms of modelling and investigates the efficacy of a Smart PV inverter as a strategic mitigator of network harmonic resonance phenomenon and a suppressor of Temporary Overvoltage (TOV) in distribution systems. The new application and the control strategy of Smart PV inverters can also be extended to SmartPark-Plug in Electric Vehicles as the grid becomes smarter.

As the grid is becoming smarter, more challenges are encountered with the integration of PV plants in distribution systems. Smart PV inverters nowadays are equipped with specialized controllers for exchanging reactive power with …

Conformal Inkjet Printed Antennas For Small Spacecraft, Muhammadeziz Tursunniyaz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although small spacecraft are small in size and light in weight compared to the conventional satellites, they can offer lots of possibilities for space exploration, scientific observation, data collection and telecommunication. Also, they cost a lot less money than the conventional satellites, and the scientific missions can be planned in a relatively short period of time by using the COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) materials. However, there is a big challenge for the small spacecraft that is the limited surface area of the small spacecraft and the outnumbered components to be mounted on the surface of the small spacecraft. The most obvious …

Efficient Algorithms For Reconfigurable Antenna Systems, Mehedi Hasan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The main goal of this research is to develop algorithms to facilitate the use of a new type of antenna, called multifunctional reconfigurable antenna (MRA). Traditional antennas have fixed radiation properties which cannot be changed to adapt to different environments. To solve this problem, MRAs, which can dynamically change its operation frequency, radiation patter, and polarization, has gained a significant interest recently. Such antennas can support multiple radio access technologies with different sets of operational requirements. Reconfigurable antennas are considered smart antennas. The efficient use of smart antennas requires efficient and smart underlying algorithms. This dissertation focuses on developing efficient …

Application Aware Reconfigurable Antennas And Arrays For 5g And Beyond Wireless Communication Systems, Md Asaduzzaman Towfiq

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Antennas enable wireless communication by transmission and reception of electromagnetic (EM) signals, which carry information in space. Signal reception and hence the quality of service depends significantly on the antenna properties, e.g. radiation pattern, operational frequency, and polarization. Legacy antennas, with their fixed properties, fail to adapt to the changing environment and degrade signal quality. Reconfigurable antennas (RAs) capable of changing their properties dynamically increase the capacity and data rate of wireless systems while offering a compact design. However, these advantages come at the cost of increased complexity compared to legacy antennas. Therefore it is important to design RAs with …

A Practical Incremental Learning Framework For Sparse Entity Extraction, Hussein Al-Olimat, Steven Gustafson, Jason Mackay, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Amit Sheth

Publications

This work addresses challenges arising from extracting entities from textual data, including the high cost of data annotation, model accuracy, selecting appropriate evaluation criteria, and the overall quality of annotation. We present a framework that integrates Entity Set Expansion (ESE) and Active Learning (AL) to reduce the annotation cost of sparse data and provide an online evaluation method as feedback. This incremental and interactive learning framework allows for rapid annotation and subsequent extraction of sparse data while maintaining high accuracy. We evaluate our framework on three publicly available datasets and show that it drastically reduces the cost of sparse entity …

Power System Spoof Detection With A Hybrid Hardware/Software Benchmarking Framework, Keaton Dieter, Ben Mccamish, Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez, Robert B. Bass, Scott Wallace, Xinghui Zhao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The integration of monitoring and control networks at different voltage levels and across utility boundaries has made it harder to maintain and assess the resilience of power systems due to increasing cyber attacks. On the software side, a variety of research efforts pursue cyber protection algorithms, such as spoof detection techniques. On the hardware and firmware side, research has demonstrated the feasibility of adversarial attacks by providing an entry point at the device level. This work proposes and evaluates two detection performance metrics for a variety of cyber spoofing attacks introduced in a realistic Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) network for …

Event Detection Using Correlation Within Arrays Of Streaming Pmu Data, Rich Meier, Ben Mccamish, Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez, Jordan Landford, Robert B. Bass, David Chiu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Phasor measurement units provide real-time power system monitoring. We present a data analysis method that leverages statistical correlation and analysis methods to identify power system events. This research uses archived phasor measurement unit data to show that the method is useful for detecting power system events. Results from a lighting strike case study are presented. A monitoring stratagem based on PMU clustering is discussed, and the viability of monitoring pertinent statistical parameters over various clustering schemes is demonstrated.

Machine Learning For Internet Of Things Data Analysis: A Survey, Mohammad Saeid Mahdavinejad, Mohammadreza Rezvan, Mohammadamin Barekatain, Peyman Adibi, Payam Barnaghi, Amit Sheth

Publications

Rapid developments in hardware, software, and communication technologies have facilitated the emergence of Internet-connected sensory devices that provide observations and data measurements from the physical world. By 2020, it is estimated that the total number of Internet-connected devices being used will be between 25 and 50 billion. As these numbers grow and technologies become more mature, the volume of data being published will increase. The technology of Internet-connected devices, referred to as Internet of Things (IoT), continues to extend the current Internet by providing connectivity and interactions between the physical and cyber worlds. In addition to an increased volume, the …

Using Multifactor Inputs Bp Neural Network To Make Power Consumption Prediction, Hao Song

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

With the development of modern information and technology (IT), smart grids became one of the major components of smart cities, to take full advantage of the smart grid, the capability of intelligent scheduling and planning of electricity delivery is essential. For this purpose, researchers have investigated methodologies for power consumption prediction and demand side management (DSM). In addition, conducting a comprehensive analysis and obtaining an accurate evaluation of power consumption are the premise and basis for a more robust and efficient power grid design and transformation. Therefore, it is meaningful to explore forecasting models that are able to reflect the …

High-Sn-Content Gesn Alloy Towards Room-Temperature Mid Infrared Laser, Wei Dou

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Si photonics is a rapidly expanding technology that integrates photonic circuits onto a Si substrate. The integration of Si electronics and photonics has been a successful technology for a wide range of applications. Group-IV alloy GeSn has drawn great attentions as a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible optoelectronic material for Si photonics. The devices based on GeSn alloy could be monolithically integrated into well-established and high-yield Si integrated circuits, which is favorable for chip-scale Si photonics featuring smaller size, lower cost, and higher reliability.

The relaxed GeSn with high material quality and high Sn composition is highly desirable to cover mid-infrared wavelength. …

Opto-Thermal Characterization Of Plasmon And Coupled Lattice Resonances In 2-D Metamaterial Arrays, Vinith Bejugam

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Growing population and climate change inevitably requires longstanding dependency on sustainable sources of energy that are conducive to ecological balance, economies of scale and reduction of waste heat. Plasmonic-photonic systems are at the forefront of offering a promising path towards efficient light harvesting for enhanced optoelectronics, sensing, and chemical separations. Two-dimensional (2-D) metamaterial arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles arranged in polymer lattices developed herein support thermoplasmonic heating at off-resonances (near infrared, NIR) in addition to regular plasmonic resonances (visible), which extends their applicability compared to random dispersions. Especially, thermal responses of 2-D arrays at coupled lattice resonance (CLR) wavelengths were comparable …

Si-Based Germanium Tin Photodetectors For Short-Wave And Mid-Wave Infrared Detections, Thach Pham

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The demand of light-weight and inexpensive imaging system working in the infrared range keeps increasing for the last decade, especially for civil applications. Although several group IV materials such as silicon and germanium are used to realize detectors in the visible and near infrared region, they are not the efficient approach for imaging system in the short-wave infrared detection range and beyond due to bandgap limit. On the other hand, this market is heavily relied upon mature technology from III-V and II-VI elements over years, which are costly to growth and incompatible with available Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundries. This …

Asic Design Of Rf Energy Harvester Using 0.13um Cmos Technology, Jainish K. Zaveri

Master's Theses

Recent advances in wireless sensor nodes, data acquisition devices, wearable and implantable medical devices have paved way for low power (sub 50uW) devices. These devices generally use small solid state or thin film batteries for power supply which need replacement or need to be removed for charging. RF energy harvesting technology can be used to charge these batteries without the need to remove the battery from the device, thus providing a sustainable power supply. In other cases, a battery can become unnecessary altogether. This enables us to deploy wireless network nodes in places where regular physical access to the nodes …

Iris Biometric Identification Using Artificial Neural Networks, Kevin Joseph Haskett

Master's Theses

A biometric method is a more secure way of personal identification than passwords. This thesis examines the iris as a personal identifier with the use of neural networks as the classifier. A comparison of different feature extraction methods that include the Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform, the eigen analysis method, and the wavelet transform, is performed. The robustness of each method, with respect to distortion and noise, is also studied.

Gps Denied Localization Using Ultra-Wideband Radios, Joshua P. Vanfleet

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

GPS denied environments cause each unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) in an autonomous convoy to lose positional accuracy which can lead to inoperability, or even damage. In order for autonomous convoy systems to fill the needs of any particular field, a well-performing system must be designed such that a convoy can operate in any environment. Ultra-wideband (UWB) radios are a proposed solution to GPS denied localization. The main objective of this research is to use UWB radios to localize a leader vehicle within a convoy situation while in a GPS denied environment.

Generation Of Orbital Angular Momentum By A Point Defect In Photonic Crystals, Menglin L.N. Chen, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Wei E.I. Sha

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As an attractive degree of freedom in electromagnetic (EM) waves, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) enables infinite communication channels for both classical and quantum communications. The exploration of OAM generation inspires various designs involving spiral phase plates, antenna arrays, metasurfaces, and computer-generated holograms. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate an approach to producing OAM carrying EM waves by a point defect in three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PCs). Simultaneous excitation of two vibrational-defect states with an elaborately engineered phase retardation generates a rotational state carrying OAM. Through converting guided waves in a line defect to localized waves in a …

Characterization Of Gallium Nitride Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches In The Nonlinear Regime, Joseph D. Teague

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The energy demands of an increasingly electrified world have caused a renewed interest in once dormant fields of research. Photoconductive Semiconductor switches (PCSS) are one of these fields. They theoretically offer high voltage, high current switching in sub cm³ packaging, without the shot to shot variation and bulk of current high-power DC switches such as spark gaps. PCSS are capable of power densities of 10⁹-10¹⁰ W/cm³, with electric fields ranging from 10⁵-10⁶ V/cm and current densities from 10⁴-10⁶ A/cm² [1].

Most PCSS make a trade-off between voltage, …

Hand Movement Detection In Collaborative Learning Environment Videos, Callie J. Darsey

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Human activity detection in digital videos is currently attracting significant research interest. This problem is especially challenging for video datasets that have a lot of human activity, illumination noise, and structural noise. The video dataset associated with the Advancing Out of School Learning in Mathematics and Engineering (AOLME) project has these challenges. ALOME videos have been used in the study of human activities “in the wild”.

This thesis explores detection of hand movement using color and optical flow. Exploratory analysis considered the problem component wise on components created from thresholds applied to motion and color. The proposed approach uses patch …

Tunneling In Si Mos Nanostructures, Amir Shirkhorshidian

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

In this dissertation, split-gate tunnel barriers in enhancement-mode silicon metal- oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device structures are characterized electrically at liquid helium temperatures (T = 4.2 K) using transport spectroscopy. Tunnel barriers with different gate geometries and barriers implanted with a small number of antimony donor atoms are characterized. Low disorder MOS tunnel barriers are demonstrated and compared to the implanted cases. The ”clean” MOS tunnel barriers are an important proof of principle that disorder free tunnel barriers can be achieved in MOS. The implanted cases provide an important reference for the effects of donors and shallow traps on a MOS tunnel …