Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

2 Micron Fiber Lasers: Power Scaling Concepts And Limitations, Alex Sincore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Thulium- and holmium-doped fiber lasers (TDF and HDF) emitting at 2 micron offer unique benefits and applications compared to common ytterbium-doped 1 micron lasers. This dissertation details the concepts, limitations, design, and performance of four 2 micron fiber laser systems. While these lasers were developed for various end-uses, they also provide further insight into two major power scaling limitations. The first limitation is optical nonlinearities: specifically stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and modulation instability (MI). The second limitation is thermal failure due to inefficient pump conversion. First, a 21.5 W single-frequency, single-mode laser with adjustable output from continuous-wave to nanosecond pulses …

Dual-Stub Ka-Band Vivaldi Antenna With Integrated Bandpass Filter, Kansheng Yang, Manh-Ha Hoang, Xiulong Bao, Patrick Mcevoy, Max Ammann

Articles

A dual-stub coplanar Vivaldi antenna with a parasitic element is presented. The dual-stub is coupled between the parasitic element and two tapered slots. The parasitic element shape and size is optimised. The use of slits on the outer edge of the ground plane is shown to provide control of beamwidth and maximum gain. A bandpass filter is used for performance control and sub-harmonic suppression.

Video Quality Prediction Under Time-Varying Loads, Obinna Izima, Ruairí De Fréin, Mark Davis

Conference papers

We are on the cusp of an era where we can responsively and adaptively predict future network performance from network device statistics in the Cloud. To make this happen, regression-based models have been applied to learn mappings between the kernel metrics of a machine in a service cluster and service quality metrics on a client machine. The path ahead requires the ability to adaptively parametrize learning algorithms for arbitrary problems and to increase computation speed. We consider methods to adaptively parametrize regularization penalties, coupled with methods for compensating for the effects of the time-varying loads present in the system, namely …

The Silver Lining: A Novel, Inkjet-Printed Mesh Coplanar-Slot Antenna For The Uhf Band, Anastasios C. Karles

Undergraduate Research Posters

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is opening up frequencies within the television range (400MHz to 700MHz) of the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band for use in emerging technologies, such as cognitive radio networks and machine-to-machine communication. In order for manufacturers to produce affordable antennas that can be used in these emerging technologies, inexpensive antennas are required that meet these new spectrum needs. This paper presents a mesh coplanar-slot bowtie patch antenna fabricated using commercially available inkjet-printing technology. Two antennas were fabricated: a 27x21cm copper FR4 antenna with .25mm lines and a 27x21cm silver antenna with 2mm lines fabricated using inkjet-printing. …

How Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Recognize Facial Expressions Displayed By A Rear-Projection Humanoid Robot, Farzaneh Askari, Huanghao Feng, Anibal Gutierrez, Timothy Sweeny, Mohammad H. Mahoor

Electrical and Computer Engineering: Graduate Student Scholarship

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience reduced ability to perceive crucial nonverbal communication cues such as eye gaze, gestures, and facial expressions. Recent studies suggest that social robots can be used as effective tools to improve communication and social skills in children with ASD. One explanation has been put forward by several studies that children with ASD feel more contented and motivated in systemized and predictable environment, like interacting with robots.

Objectives: There have been few research studies evaluating how children with ASD perceive facial expression in humanoid robots but no research evaluating facial expression perception …

A Pilot Study On Facial Expression Recognition Ability Of Autistic Children Using Ryan, A Rear-Projected Humanoid Robot, Farzaneh Askari, Huanghao Feng, Timothy D. Sweeny, Mohammad H. Mahoor

Electrical and Computer Engineering: Graduate Student Scholarship

Rear-projected robots use computer graphics technology to create facial animations and project them on a mask to show the robot’s facial cues and expressions. These types of robots are becoming commercially available, though more research is required to understand how they can be effectively used as a socially assistive robotic agent. This paper presents the results of a pilot study on comparing the facial expression recognition abilities of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with typically developing (TD) children using a rear-projected humanoid robot called Ryan. Six children with ASD and six TD children participated in this research, where Ryan …

On The Feasibility Of Utilizing Commercial 4g Lte Systems For Misson-Critical Iot Applications, Alfred Rezk

Dissertations and Theses

Emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services including e-healthcare, intelligent transportation systems, smart grid, and smart homes to smart cities to smart workplace, are poised to become part of every aspect of our daily lives. The IoT will enable billions of sensors, actuators, and smart devices to be interconnected and managed remotely via the Internet. Cellular-based Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications is one of the key IoT enabling technologies with huge market potential for cellular service providers deploying Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. There is an emerging consensus that Fourth Generation (4G) and 5G cellular technologies will enable and support these …

Testing Of Recursive And Non-Recursive Algorithms For Real-Time Phasor And Frequency Estimations In Power Systems, Dhruv Sharma

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Steady-state performance of various recursive and non-recursive algorithms are tested in this report according to the test signals given in the IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011. Phase magnitude and phase angle of the power grid signals have been estimated using Discrete Fourier Transform (non-recursive), Discrete Fourier Transform (recursive), Least Square, and Wavelet Transform Algorithms. Frequency estimation is performed using Discrete Fourier Transform, Weighted Least Square, and Zero Crossing methods. These algorithms are evaluated in LabView software and tested by generating test signals in a Simulink model. Furthermore, Total Vector Error (TVE) is calculated using dynamic test signals as per the IEEE Standard …

Resource Optimization In Wireless Sensor Networks For An Improved Field Coverage And Cooperative Target Tracking, Husam Sweidan

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

There are various challenges that face a wireless sensor network (WSN) that mainly originate from the limited resources a sensor node usually has. A sensor node often relies on a battery as a power supply which, due to its limited capacity, tends to shorten the life-time of the node and the network as a whole. Other challenges arise from the limited capabilities of the sensors/actuators a node is equipped with, leading to complication like a poor coverage of the event, or limited mobility in the environment. This dissertation deals with the coverage problem as well as the limited power and …

Video Frame Reduction In Autonomous Vehicles, Gaurav R. Bagwe

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Camera sensors are emerging in many applications such as Smart Buildings and autonomous driving. The Data generated by multiple cameras in a smart building and autonomous driving applications is usually transmitted through an edge box to a cloud terminal. This transmitted information requires a considerable channel bandwidth, which is not available through current communication standards. The report proposes a Camera Sensor Frame Reduction method to decrease the required channel bandwidth for applications such as autonomous driving.

Here, we propose a method that incorporates cross frame similarity measurement method to reduce the redundant frames and decrease the data rate of each …

Design And Optimization Of An Electromagnetic Railgun, Nihar S. Brahmbhatt

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Railgun is a future weapon for shooting long-range targets with high accuracy. Railgun is an economical weapon as it does not use any kind of propellant for shooting a projectile. It uses high impulsive current to generate the necessary force required to hit the target. The US Navy has been planning to implement railgun system on ships as their long-range shooting weapon. Railgun needs to be charged up to a certain voltage level to generate the necessary force to shoot the projectile to achieve the specified target location. It is very important that minimal voltage is required for shooting the …

Electrical And Computer Engineering Annual Report 2018, Department Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Annual Reports

• Welcome New President and Dean
• Faculty Directory
• Faculty Highlights
• Exciting Challenges for Expert Teacher
• Mobility Research: Sumit Paudyal
• Mobility Research: Chee-Wooi Ten
• Mobility Research: Bruce Mork
• Faculty Profile and Department Award
• Faculty Publications
• Staff Profile and Directory
• Graduate Student Awards and Degrees
• Student Highlights
• Senior Design
• Enterprise
• Enterprise and Undergraduate Student Awards
• ECE Academy Class of 2018
• External Advisory Committee
• Contracts and Grants
• Department Statistics

Study Of Obstacle Effect On The Gpsr Protocol And A Novel Intelligent Greedy Routing Protocol For Vanets, Ravikumar Chilmula

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In recent years, connected vehicle technologies have been developed by automotive companies, academia, and researchers as part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This group of stakeholders continue to work on these technologies to make them as reliable and cost-effective as possible. This attention is because of the increasing connected vehicles safety-related, entertainment, and traffic management applications, which have the potential to decrease the number of road accidents, save fuel and time for millions of daily commuters worldwide.

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), which is a subgroup of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET), is being developed and implemented in vehicles as the critical …

Development Of Open Source Software And Hardware Tool-Chains For Novel Electronics, Shane Oberloier

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

3-D printing technologies have become widely adopted and have spurred innovation and efficiency across many markets. A large contributor to the success of 3-D printing are open source, low cost electronics. On-site circuit manufacturing, however, has not become as widely utilized as 3-D printing. This project attempts to address this problem by proposing and demonstrating an open source circuit board milling machine which is inexpensive, easily manufactured, and accurate. In three interdependent sub-projects, this thesis defines a standard method for designing open source hardware, the design of the bespoke circuit mill, and explores an application of the mill for novel …

Offline And Online Density Estimation For Large High-Dimensional Data, Aref Majdara

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Density estimation has wide applications in machine learning and data analysis techniques including clustering, classification, multimodality analysis, bump hunting and anomaly detection. In high-dimensional space, sparsity of data in local neighborhood makes many of parametric and nonparametric density estimation methods mostly inefficient.

This work presents development of computationally efficient algorithms for high-dimensional density estimation, based on Bayesian sequential partitioning (BSP). Copula transform is used to separate the estimation of marginal and joint densities, with the purpose of reducing the computational complexity and estimation error. Using this separation, a parallel implementation of the density estimation algorithm on a 4-core CPU is …

Target Detection, Tracking, And Localization Using Multi-Spectral Image Fusion And Rf Doppler Differentials, Casey D. Demars

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

It is critical for defense and security applications to have a high probability of detection and low false alarm rate while operating over a wide variety of conditions. Sensor fusion, which is the the process of combining data from two or more sensors, has been utilized to improve the performance of a system by exploiting the strengths of each sensor. This dissertation presents algorithms to fuse multi-sensor data that improves system performance by increasing detection rates, lowering false alarms, and improving track performance. Furthermore, this dissertation presents a framework for comparing algorithm error for image registration which is a critical …

Generalizable Modeling Of Charge Transport In Single Electron Transistor Devices: Application To Thermal Sensitivity In Semiconducting Island Systems, Paniz Khanmohammadi Hazaveh

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Electronic devices, especially MOSFETs, have been dimensionally scaled down to enhance operation of integrated circuits, addressing challenges such as current leakage, fluctuation of intrinsic semiconductor properties, and power dissipation. Reaching dimensions below 20 nm, there are fundamental limitations that are difficult to overcome, driving alternative device paradigms to be sought utilizing the quantum mechanical behavior of electrons. Single electron transistor (SET) devices are examples of a new generation of low-power transistors designed to transport information via single electron tunneling through one or more islands separated by tunnel junctions. Experimentally explored SET devices have shown that there are advantages to using …

Active And Reactive Power Control Of Flexible Loads For Distribution-Level Grid Services, Jingyuan Wang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Electric vehicle (EV) charging/discharging can take place in any P-Q quadrants, which means EVs could provide reactive power at any state-of-charge (SOC). This dissertation shows four-quadrant operation of EVs and aggregation of EVs for support of grid operations.

First, this work develops hierarchical coordination frameworks to optimally manage active and reactive power dispatch of number of spatially distributed EVs incorporating distribution grid level constraints. This work demonstrates benefits of coordinated dispatch of active and reactive power from EVs using a 33-node distribution feeder with large number of EVs (more than 5,000). Case studies demonstrate that, in constrained distribution grids, coordinated …

Cyber-Based Contingency Analysis And Insurance Implications Of Power Grid, Zhiyuan Yang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cybersecurity for power communication infrastructure is a serious subject that has been discussed for a decade since the first North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) critical infrastructure protection (CIP) initiative in 2006. Its credibility on plausibility has been evidenced by attack events in the recent past. Although this is a "very high impact, rare probability" event, the establishment of quantitative measures would help asset owners in making a series of investment decisions. First, this dissertation tackles attackers' strategies based on the current communication architecture between remote IP-based (unmanned) power substations and energy control centers. Hypothetically, the identification of intrusion paths …

Energy Storage Control And Requirements For Inverter-Based Microgrids, Mehrzad Mohammadi Bijaieh

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The intermittent nature of distributed renewable sources such as wind or solar requires integration of energy storage systems. In this dissertation a distributed form of the Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) method is used to determine the energy storage requirements of three-phase inverter-based microgrids. The overall control is appropriate to be integrated into a hierarchical control system. As the primary control, a novel dq droop control sets the local references and is supported by a level-zero Hamiltonian controller which includes energy storage feed-forward and feedback, and an inverter feed-forward controls. Here, the energy storage element performs as …

Evaluating The Role Of Energy Demand Prediction And Renewable Energy Utilization On Energy Dependency Management: A Generic System Dynamics Model, Emad Rabiei Hosseinabad

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Supplying energy has become one of the biggest concerns of developed countries due to the growing energy needs in the last decades. Security of energy supply has forced countries to rely more on energy imports from external sources, and become energy dependent to a greater extent. Utilizing available renewable energy resources has been characterized as a reliable indicator to mitigate energy dependency in countries as well as securing the supplying of energy-based needs in the future. This research explores the impact of renewable energies as trustful resources in mitigating energy imports form external sources with investigation of its viability with …

Particle Filters For State Estimation Of Confined Aquifers, Graeme Field

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Mathematical models are used in engineering and the sciences to estimate properties of systems of interest, increasing our understanding of the surrounding world and driving technological innovation. Unfortunately, as the systems of interest grow in complexity, so to do the models necessary to accurately describe them. Analytic solutions for problems with such models are provably intractable, motivating the use of approximate yet still accurate estimation techniques. Particle filtering methods have emerged as a popular tool in the presence of such models, spreading from its origins in signal processing to a diverse set of fields throughout engineering and the sciences including …

Assessing Ratio-Based Fatigue Indexes Using A Single Channel Eeg, Lucas B. Coffey

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Driver fatigue is a state of reduced mental alertness which impairs the performance of a range of cognitive and psychomotor tasks, including driving. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, driver fatigue was responsible for 72,000 accidents that lead to more than 800 deaths in 2015. A reliable method of driver fatigue detection is needed to prevent such accidents. There has been a great deal of research into studying driver fatigue via electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze brain wave data. These research works have produced three competing EEG data-based ratios that have the potential to detect driver fatigue.

Research has …

Designing And Testing 3-D Printed Wafer-Box With Embedded Pzt Sensors To Identify The Shape Effect On Energy Harvesting, Ahmad Jami Safayet

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Piezoelectric energy has been recently paid attention in the field of alternative energy. Day by day the traditional energy sources including Coal tar and oils are becoming scarce. People are heading to an alternative energy source to meet the future energy demand. Piezoelectric energy is one of the competitive energy sources compared to the conventional renewable energy sources including solar, wind, and geothermal power and so on. This energy production method bears enormous research potential because it can be used as the roadway for a new method of power generation. This research project aimed to identify which shaped wafer-box produced …

Data Analytics For Stochastic Control And Prognostics In Cyber-Physical Systems, Shanshan Bi

Doctoral Dissertations

"In this dissertation, several novel cyber fault diagnosis and prognosis and defense methodologies for cyber-physical systems have been proposed. First, a novel routing scheme for wireless mesh network is proposed. An effective capacity estimation for P2P and E2E path is designed to guarantee the vital transmission safety. This scheme can ensure a high quality of service (QoS) under imperfect network condition, even cyber attacks. Then, the imperfection, uncertainties, and dynamics in the cyberspace are considered both in system model and controller design. A PDF identifier is proposed to capture the time-varying delays and its distribution. With the modification of traditional …

Data Fusion Techniques For Biomedical Informatics And Clinical Decision Support, Peng Guo

Doctoral Dissertations

"Data fusion can be used to combine multiple data sources or modalities to facilitate enhanced visualization, analysis, detection, estimation, or classification. Data fusion can be applied at the raw-data, feature-based, and decision-based levels. Data fusion applications of different sorts have been built up in areas such as statistics, computer vision and other machine learning aspects. It has been employed in a variety of realistic scenarios such as medical diagnosis, clinical decision support, and structural health monitoring. This dissertation includes investigation and development of methods to perform data fusion for cervical cancer intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and a clinical decision support system. …

On-Die Transient Event Sensors And System-Level Esd Testing, Abhishek Patnaik

Doctoral Dissertations

"System level electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing of electronic products is a critical part of product certification. Test methods were investigated to develop system level ESD simulation models to predict soft-failures in a system with multiple sensors. These methods rely completely on measurements. The model developed was valid only for the linear operation range of devices within the system. These methods were applied to a commercial product and used to rapidly determine when a soft failure would occur. Attaching cables and probes to determine stress voltages and currents within a system, as in the previous study, is time-consuming and can alter …

Characterization Of Triboelectric Charging In Data Centers/Display Panel Manufactures, And Emi Visualization Based On Energy Parcels Method In High Speed Interconnections, Atieh Talebzadehghahroudi

Doctoral Dissertations

"This dissertation is composed of five papers. In the first three papers, triboelectric charging, which is the underlying cause of most electrostatic discharge (ESD), during daily human activities in data centers such as well-defined pattern walking, random walking, standing up from a chair, and taking off a sweater is investigated. Further, the effect of environmental condition (temperature and relative humidity), the footwear, and flooring material in building the static voltage and the discharge process are studied.

In the fourth paper, triboelectric charge generation on the glass is investigated during the glass transportation by roller conveyor systems in display manufacturing. The …

A Multiple Scattering Method To Study The Cable Harness Inside A Vehicle Shell, Yansheng Wang

Doctoral Dissertations

"This dissertation contains three major parts. In the first part, a generalized multi-conductor transmission line (GMTL) method is proposed to model a cable harness. In the GMTL method, all wires of the cable harness take the infinity as the reference. In such a way, the GMTL method takes into account not only the transmission-line mode but also the antenna-mode current on the cable harness. Further, by employing the GMTL method and the mixed-potential integral equations (MPIE) method in a multiple scattering (MS) procedure, it enables an efficient and accurate approach to evaluate the current distribution on a cable harness with …

Learning-Based Short-Time Prediction Of Photovoltaic Resources For Pre-Emptive Excursion Cancellation, Huaiqi Xie

Doctoral Dissertations

"There is a growing interest in using renewable energy resources (RES) such as wind, solar, geothermal and biomass in power systems. The main incentives for using renewable energy resources include the growing interest in sustainable and clean generation as well as reduced fuel cost. However, the challenge with using wind and solar resources is their indeterminacy which leads to voltage and frequency excursions. In this dissertation, first, the economic dispatch (ED) problem for a community microgrid is studied which explores a community energy market. As a result of this work, the importance of modeling and predicting renewable resources is understood. …