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2015

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Articles 1291 - 1320 of 1393

Full-Text Articles in Electrical and Computer Engineering

A Reconfigurable Spice-Based Cmos Lna Design In 90 Nm Technology Using Ads Rfic Dynamic Link, Pushpak Vasanth Rayudu Arja Jan 2015

A Reconfigurable Spice-Based Cmos Lna Design In 90 Nm Technology Using Ads Rfic Dynamic Link, Pushpak Vasanth Rayudu Arja

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, a reconfigurable dual band CMOS LNA with a switching-type circuit topology is proposed. The reconfigurable dual-band LNA can be tuned to operating fre- quency of either 1.575 GHz for global positioning system (GPS) or 2.4GHz for WLAN 802.11b standards. The simulated results performed power gain of 11.2 dB and 12.4 dB, noise figure of 3.4 dB and 2.9 dB, input return loss(S11) of -25.26 dB and-21.4 dB, third- order input intercept point of -3.12 dBm and -2.137 dBm and the design dissipates 8.9 mW and 4.68 mW of power at 1.2 V power supply at the two …


High Frequency Resolution Adaptive Thresholding Wideband Receiver System, Feiran Liu Jan 2015

High Frequency Resolution Adaptive Thresholding Wideband Receiver System, Feiran Liu

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is widely used in wideband digital receivers to detect multiple signals. To achieve high dynamic range, the receiver has to increase analog-to-digital (ADC) resolution bits, which requires significant computation time and therefore increases receiver time resolution. The other challenge of FFT approach is two signals with a small frequency difference (i.e., less than five FFT frequency bins in most cases) cannot be detected simultaneous. This thesis presents an adaptive thresholding wideband digital receiver to accurately detect two simultaneous high dynamic range signals even when they are close to one FFT frequency bin. The receiver can perform …


Wide Tuning Range I/Q Dco Vco And A High Resolution Pfd Implementation In Cmos 90 Nm Technology, Eswar Raju Suraparaju Jan 2015

Wide Tuning Range I/Q Dco Vco And A High Resolution Pfd Implementation In Cmos 90 Nm Technology, Eswar Raju Suraparaju

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents wide tuning range in-phase and quad-phase (I/Q) output digital control oscillator (DCO) and voltage control oscillator (VCO) and a simple high performance phase frequency detector (PFD) in 90 nm CMOS technology with 1.2 V power supply. The designed I/Q output DCO has an operating frequency range from 1.1-8.2 GHz with high resolution and wide linearity by using a novel skew delay structure. At 2.02GHz oscillation frequency, the measured phase noise of I/Q output DCO is -90.43dBc/Hz at an offset of 1 MHz offset and has 5 mW of power dissipation. A complementary series coupled quadrature VCO (S-QVCO) …


Verification And Validation Of A Transient Heat Exchanger Model, Jayme Lee Carper Jan 2015

Verification And Validation Of A Transient Heat Exchanger Model, Jayme Lee Carper

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

A statistical based verification and validation process is applied to the transient modeling of a shell and tube heat exchanger. A generic model of a heat exchanger was developed based on first principles as a sub-system of a larger thermal system model. This model was originally created without any experimental data, as it was not readily available. To provide the data necessary to apply the validation process, a thermal emulator was designed and built that allowed control of all system inputs to the heat exchanger, while also providing the instrumentation to record all required data. A wide test matrix was …


Short Wave Infrared Imaging System For Night And Day Long Range Facial Recognition And Surveillance, Robert B. Martin Jan 2015

Short Wave Infrared Imaging System For Night And Day Long Range Facial Recognition And Surveillance, Robert B. Martin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The capability to detect, observe, and positively identify people at a distance is important to numerous security and defense applications. Traditional solutions for human detection and observation include long-range visible imagers for daytime and thermal infrared imagers for night-time use. Positive identification, through computer face recognition, requires facial imagery that can be repeatably matched to a database of visible spectrum facial mug shots. Nighttime identification at large distances is not possible with visible imagers due to lack of light, or with thermal infrared imagers due to poor correlation with visible facial imagery. An active-SWIR imaging system was developed that is …


Tunable Absorption Based On Plasmonic Nanostructures Loaded With Graphene, Christos Argyropoulos Jan 2015

Tunable Absorption Based On Plasmonic Nanostructures Loaded With Graphene, Christos Argyropoulos

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

We present simulations of a hybrid graphene-plasmonic device constituted by periodic metallic nanowires placed over a dielectric spacer layer and a metallic film. The spacer layer is composed of a thin silica layer combined with an one-atom-thick graphene sheet. An electrically controlled ultra-compact absorption modulator can be realized based on the proposed theoretical device.


Robust Optimization For Bidirectional Dispatch Coordination Of Large-Scale V2g, Xiaoqing Bai, Wei Qiao Jan 2015

Robust Optimization For Bidirectional Dispatch Coordination Of Large-Scale V2g, Xiaoqing Bai, Wei Qiao

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

This paper proposes a robust optimization (RO) model for bidirectional dispatch coordination of large-scale plugin electric vehicles (PEVs) in a power grid in which the PEVs are aggregated to manage. The PEV aggregators are considered as a type of dispatchable demand response and energy storage resource with stochastic behaviors, and can supply load or provide ancillary services such as regulation reserve to the grid. The proposed RO model is then reformulated as a mixedinteger quadratic programming model, which can be solved efficiently. Computer simulations are performed for a power grid with ten generators and three PEV aggregators to validate the …


Optimal Bidding Strategy Of A Strategic Wind Power Producer In The Short-Term Market, Ting Dai, Wei Qiao Jan 2015

Optimal Bidding Strategy Of A Strategic Wind Power Producer In The Short-Term Market, Ting Dai, Wei Qiao

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Wind energy is a clean and renewable energy source which is rapidly growing globally. As the penetration level of wind power grows, the system operators need to consider wind power producers as strategic producers whose bidding behaviors will have an impact on the locational marginal prices. This paper proposes a bilevel stochastic optimization model to obtain the optimal bidding strategy for a strategic wind power producer in the short-term electricity market. The upper level problem of the model maximizes the profit of the wind power producer, while the lower level problem represents the market clearing processes of both day-ahead and …


Multiobjective Optimization Of Switched Reluctance Motors Based On Design Of Experiments And Particle Swarm Optimization, Cong Ma, Liyan Qu Jan 2015

Multiobjective Optimization Of Switched Reluctance Motors Based On Design Of Experiments And Particle Swarm Optimization, Cong Ma, Liyan Qu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for multiobjective design optimization of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) based on a combination of the design of experiments and particle swarm optimization (PSO) approaches. First, the definitive screening design was employed to perform sensitivity analyses to identify significant design variables without bias of interaction effects between design variables. Next, optimal third-order response surface (RS) models were constructed based on the Audze–Eglais Latin hypercube design using the selected significant design variables. The constructed optimal RS models consist of only significant regression terms, which were selected by using PSO. Then, a PSO-based multiobjective optimization coupled with …


A Survey On Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring And Fault Diagnosis−Part I: Components And Subsystems, Deli Qiao, Dingguo Lu Jan 2015

A Survey On Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring And Fault Diagnosis−Part I: Components And Subsystems, Deli Qiao, Dingguo Lu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art condition monitoring and fault diagnostic technologies for wind turbines. The Part I of this survey briefly reviews the existing literature surveys on the subject, discusses the common failure modes in the major wind turbine components and subsystems, briefly reviews the condition monitoring and fault diagnostic techniques for these components and subsystems, and specifically discusses the issues of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for offshore wind turbines.


A Survey On Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring And Fault Diagnosis−Part Ii: Signals And Signal Processing Methods, Wei Qiao, Dingguo Lu Jan 2015

A Survey On Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring And Fault Diagnosis−Part Ii: Signals And Signal Processing Methods, Wei Qiao, Dingguo Lu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art condition monitoring and fault diagnostic technologies for wind turbines. The Part II of this survey focuses on the signals and signal processing methods used for wind turbine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.


A Real-Time Information Based Demand-Side Management System In Smart Grid, Feng Ye, Yi Qian, Rose Qingyang Hu Jan 2015

A Real-Time Information Based Demand-Side Management System In Smart Grid, Feng Ye, Yi Qian, Rose Qingyang Hu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this paper, we study a real-time information based demand-side management (DSM) system with advanced communication networks in smart grid. DSM can smooth peakto- average ratio (PAR) of power usage in the grid, which in turn reduces the waste of fuel and the emission of greenhouse gas. We first target to minimize PAR with a centralized scheme. To motivate power suppliers, we further propose another centralized scheme targeting minimum power generation cost. However, customers may not be motivated by a centralized scheme since such a scheme requires total control and privacy from them. A centralized scheme also requires too much …


An Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter For Photovoltaic Systems With Energy Storage, Jianwu Zeng, Wei Qiao, Liyan Qu Jan 2015

An Isolated Three-Port Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter For Photovoltaic Systems With Energy Storage, Jianwu Zeng, Wei Qiao, Liyan Qu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

This paper proposes a new isolated, three-port, bidirectional, DC-DC converter for simultaneous power management of multiple energy sources. The proposed converter has the advantage of using the least number of switches and soft switching for the main switch, which is realized by using a LCL-resonant circuit. The converter is capable of interfacing sources of different voltage-current characteristics with a load and/or a DC microgrid. The proposed converter is constructed for simultaneous power management of a photovoltaic (PV) panel, a rechargeable battery, and a load. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed converter is capable of maximum power point tracking …


Modeling And Control Of A Three-Port Dc-Dc Converter For Pv-Battery Systems, Jianwu Zeng, Wei Qiao, Liyan Qu Jan 2015

Modeling And Control Of A Three-Port Dc-Dc Converter For Pv-Battery Systems, Jianwu Zeng, Wei Qiao, Liyan Qu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

This paper presents modeling and decoupled control design for an isolated three-port DC-DC converter (TPC), which interfaces a photovoltaic (PV) panel, a rechargeable battery, and an isolated load. A small signal model is derived from the state-space equations of the TPC. Based on the model, two decoupled controllers are designed to control the power flows of the two sources and the load voltage independently. Experimental studies are performed to verify that the two controllers are capable of regulating the power flows of the PV panel and the battery while maintaining a constant output voltage for the TPC.


Optimal Joint Transmission And Harvested Energy Scheduling For Renewable Energy Harvesting Enabled Cellular Network Under Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission, Zejue Wang, Hongjia Li, Dan Hu, Song Ci Jan 2015

Optimal Joint Transmission And Harvested Energy Scheduling For Renewable Energy Harvesting Enabled Cellular Network Under Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission, Zejue Wang, Hongjia Li, Dan Hu, Song Ci

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

On-grid energy consumption of base stations (BSs) contributes up a significant fraction of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of cellular networks, among which remote radio units (RRUs) absorb most of the energy consumption. To eliminate the on-grid energy consumption and the corresponding CO2 emission, we propose a new transmission framework, in which all RRUs and associated power amplifiers (PAs) are powered by hybrid energy sources including on-grid energy source and off-grid renewable energy source. Based on the framework, we pursue a systematic study on the joint transmission and harvested energy scheduling algorithm for the hybrid energy …


Cmi Analysis And Precoding Designs For Correlated Multi-Hop Mimo Channels, Nguyen N. Tran, Song Ci, Ha X. Nguyen Jan 2015

Cmi Analysis And Precoding Designs For Correlated Multi-Hop Mimo Channels, Nguyen N. Tran, Song Ci, Ha X. Nguyen

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Conditional mutual information (CMI) analysis and precoding design for generally correlated wireless multi-hop multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels are presented in this paper. Although some particular scenarios have been examined in existing publications, this paper investigates a generally correlated transmission system having spatially correlated channel, mutually correlated source symbols, and additive colored Gaussian noise (ACGN). First, without precoding techniques, we derive the optimized source symbol covariances upon mutual information maximization. Secondly, we apply a precoding technique and then design the precoder in two cases: maximizing the mutual information and minimizing the detection error. Since the optimal design for the end-to-end system …


Integral Equation Analysis Of Em Scattering From Multilayered Metallic Photonic Crystal Accelerated With Adaptive Cross Approximation, Jianxun Su, Zengrui Li, Xujin Yuan, Yaoqing (Lamar) Yang, Junhong Wang Jan 2015

Integral Equation Analysis Of Em Scattering From Multilayered Metallic Photonic Crystal Accelerated With Adaptive Cross Approximation, Jianxun Su, Zengrui Li, Xujin Yuan, Yaoqing (Lamar) Yang, Junhong Wang

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A space-domain integral equation method accelerated with adaptive cross approximation (ACA) is presented for the fast and accurate analysis of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from multilayered metallic photonic crystal (MPC). The method directly solves for the electric field in order to easily enable the periodic boundary condition (PBC) in the spatial domain. The ACA is a purely algebraic method allowing the compression of fully populated matrices; hence, its formulation and implementation are independent of integral equation kernel (Green’s function).Therefore, the ACA is very well suited for accelerating integral equation analysis of periodic structure with the integral kernel of the periodic Green’s …


Drive Systems Including Sliding Mode Observers And Methods Of Controlling The Same, Long Wu, Yue Zhao, Wei Qiao Jan 2015

Drive Systems Including Sliding Mode Observers And Methods Of Controlling The Same, Long Wu, Yue Zhao, Wei Qiao

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

At least one example embodiment discloses a drive system including a motor including a rotor, the motor configured to receive a measured current, a controller configured to generate a Voltage command for the motor, a sliding mode observer configured to determine an estimated current for the motor based on the Voltage command, determine a difference between the measured current and the estimated current, and determine a Switching control vector and an estimator con figured to estimate a rotor position based on the Switching control vector, the Switching control vector being determined based on the difference and adaptive parameters of the …


Probes For Multidimensional Nanospectroscopic Imaging And Methods Of Fabrication Thereof, Alexander Weber-Bargionii, Stefano Cabrini, Wei Bao, Mauro Melli, Eli Yablonovitch, Peter J. Schuck Jan 2015

Probes For Multidimensional Nanospectroscopic Imaging And Methods Of Fabrication Thereof, Alexander Weber-Bargionii, Stefano Cabrini, Wei Bao, Mauro Melli, Eli Yablonovitch, Peter J. Schuck

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to probes for multidimenisonal nanospectroscopic imaging. In one aspect, a method includes providing a transparent tip comprising a dielectric material. A four-sided pyramidal-shaped structure is formed at an apex of the transparent tip using a focus ion beam. Metal layers are deposited over two opposing sides of the four-sided pyramidal-shaped structure.


A Study Of The Impact Of Various Geometric Factors On The Capacity Of Short Range Indoor Mimo Communications Channels, Anthony Grennan Jan 2015

A Study Of The Impact Of Various Geometric Factors On The Capacity Of Short Range Indoor Mimo Communications Channels, Anthony Grennan

Doctoral

MIMO antenna array systems have been proposed as a means of increasing the spectral efficiency of wireless systems. However, their performance is likely to be sub-optimal if typical uniform antenna array structures are arbitrarily positioned; as they depend on spatial multiplexing. This is particularly true for indoor environments in which transmission ranges are short resulting in a strong correlation of the main propagation paths, especially the line-of-sight components. This makes it difficult to achieve successful spatial multiplexing which depends on a decorrelated set of signal components. Thus, the physical propagation channel and geometry of the antenna arrays, especially the inter-element …


Study Of Uhf And Vhf Compact Antennas, Abraham Loutridis Jan 2015

Study Of Uhf And Vhf Compact Antennas, Abraham Loutridis

Doctoral

This thesis presents and describes designs of small antennas that operate in UHF and VHF frequency bands. The proposed antennas are designed for integration into small volumes, therefore low profile, compact size and good radiation properties are the key parameters in this work. A further investigation on miniaturization techniques, as well as the ground plane effects on the general performance, is also made. The main objective is the design of novel compact sized geometries, lightweight and cost efficient, operating in the lower UHF and VHF frequency bands. The groundplane size and the antenna position with respect to it, are two …


On A New Method For Interior Lighting Design, James Duff Jan 2015

On A New Method For Interior Lighting Design, James Duff

Doctoral

In 2009, Christopher Cuttle began to challenge the suitability of the metrics contained within current lighting design standards and guidance. In short, Cuttle proposed a move away from providing an amount of light that relates to the difficulty of a visual task and instead, providing an amount of light that relates to the brightness of a space. This sense of brightness would be estimated by a new lighting metric, Mean Room Surface Exitance. The research presented in this thesis strove to examine, critically evaluate, analyse and investigate the merit of changing indoor lighting standards to include Mean Room Surface Exitance. …


Broadband Coherent Perfect Absorption In One-Dimensional Optical Systems, Massimo Maximilian Villinger Jan 2015

Broadband Coherent Perfect Absorption In One-Dimensional Optical Systems, Massimo Maximilian Villinger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Absorption plays a critical role in a variety of optical applications – sometimes it is desirable to minimize it as in optical fibers and waveguides, or to enhance it as in solar cells and photodetectors. We describe here a new optical scheme that controllably produces high optical absorption over a broad wavelength range (hundreds of nm) in systems that have low intrinsic absorption over the same range. This effect, 'coherent perfect absorption' or CPA, arises from a subtle interplay between interference and absorption of two beams incident on a weakly absorbing medium. In the first part of this study, we …


Assessment Of Electrode Configurations Of Electrical Impedance Myography For The Evaluation Of Neuromuscular Diseases, Khondokar Mohammad Fazle Rabbi Jan 2015

Assessment Of Electrode Configurations Of Electrical Impedance Myography For The Evaluation Of Neuromuscular Diseases, Khondokar Mohammad Fazle Rabbi

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a painless, noninvasive approach to measure the neuromuscular disease status. EIM parameters- resistance (R), reactance (X) and phase (θ) depend significantly on subcutaneous fat thickness, muscle size and inter electrode distance. The objective of this research is to find an electrode configuration which can minimize the effects on EIM parameters due to subcutaneous fat thickness variation. In this study, a model of human upper arm was developed using finite element method (FEM), which has already been established as an appropriate approach for the analysis of non-symmetrical shape for assessing alternations of muscle in disease-induced changes …


Breaking The Buildup-Time Limit Of Sensitivity In Avalanche Photodiodes By Dynamic Biasing, Majeed M. Hayat, Payman Zarkesh-Ha, George El-Howayek, Robert Efroymson, Joe C. Campbell Jan 2015

Breaking The Buildup-Time Limit Of Sensitivity In Avalanche Photodiodes By Dynamic Biasing, Majeed M. Hayat, Payman Zarkesh-Ha, George El-Howayek, Robert Efroymson, Joe C. Campbell

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are the preferred photodetectors for direct-detection, high data-rate long-haul optical telecommunications. APDs can detect low-level optical signals due to their internal amplification of the photon-generated electrical current, which is attributable to the avalanche of electron and hole impact ionizations. Despite recent advances in APDs aimed at reducing the average avalanche-buildup time, which causes intersymbol interference and compromises receiver sensitivity at high data rates, operable speeds of commercially available APDs have been limited to 10Gbps. We report the first demonstration of a dynamically biased APD that breaks the traditional sensitivity-versus-speed limit by employing a data-synchronous sinusoidal reverse-bias that …


Integrating Emerging Cryptographic Engineering Research And Security Education, Mehran Mozaffari Kermani, Reza Azarderakhsh Jan 2015

Integrating Emerging Cryptographic Engineering Research And Security Education, Mehran Mozaffari Kermani, Reza Azarderakhsh

Articles

Unlike traditional embedded systems such as secure smart cards, emerging secure deeply embedded systems, e.g., implantable and wearable medical devices, have larger “attack surface”. A security breach in such systems which are embedded deeply in human bodies or objects would be life-threatening, for which adopting traditional solutions might not be practical due to tight constraints of these often-battery-powered systems. Unfortunately, although emerging cryptographic engineering research mechanisms have started solving this critical problem, university education (at both graduate and undergraduate level) lags comparably. One of the pivotal reasons for such a lag is the multi-disciplinary nature of the emerging security bottlenecks …


Strain Controlled Ultra-Low-Energy Magnetic Tunneling Junction, Hasnain Ahmad, Supriyo Bandyopadhyay, Jayasimha Atulasimha Jan 2015

Strain Controlled Ultra-Low-Energy Magnetic Tunneling Junction, Hasnain Ahmad, Supriyo Bandyopadhyay, Jayasimha Atulasimha

Graduate Research Posters

We are experimenting on designing a voltage-controlled ultra-low-energy Magnetic Tunneling Junction (MTJ) device using a soft single domain magnetostrictive layer (i.e. Galfenol: Fe1-xGax , x = 20 At%) coupled to a piezoelectric layer (i.e. PMN-PT). Special metal pads have been designed using photolithography to generate stress in the PMN-PT layer by applying electric field. The patterns of different shape anisotropic nano-magnets are designed using e-beam lithography and we have successfully fabricate FeGa nanomagnets with only 12 to 13 nanometer thickness by sputter deposition. These nanomagnets have been characterized by magnetic force microscopy for observing their switching capabilities. …


Coherent Spin Transport In Nanowire Spin Valves And Novel Spintronic Device Possibilities, Md Iftekhar I. Hossain, Supriyo Bandyopadhyay, Jayasimha Atulasimha, Saumil Bandyopadhyay Jan 2015

Coherent Spin Transport In Nanowire Spin Valves And Novel Spintronic Device Possibilities, Md Iftekhar I. Hossain, Supriyo Bandyopadhyay, Jayasimha Atulasimha, Saumil Bandyopadhyay

Graduate Research Posters

We have proposed a spintronic infrared photodetector backed by experimental evidence and matched with theoretical prediction obtained in our labs. Unlike conventional photodetectors, it can work at room temperature with ideally infinite light-to-dark contrast ratio, infinite detectivity and zero dark current. The proposed idea is based on smart implementation of spin polarized transport. Electrons while travelling through one-dimensional channel show long spin relaxation length if they can be confined to a single conduction subband because of the elimination of major spin relaxation mechanism, namely the D’yakonov-Perel’ mechanism. With infrared light, electrons can be excited to higher subbands, resulting in the …


Large Dynamic Range Amplifier Plus Adc, Ted Hsueh Jan 2015

Large Dynamic Range Amplifier Plus Adc, Ted Hsueh

Electrical Engineering

Nerve and muscle signal sampling proves difficult because of the large difference in magnitudes. Muscle signals loom a hundred or even a thousand times bigger and can hide the nerve signals. The Large Dynamic Range Amplifier plus Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) allows one device to retrieve both muscle and nerve signal information. The device has two parts: the ability to take high-resolution data from tenths of microvolts to several millivolts and filter out environmental noise, such as 60 Hz of electrical power lines or electro galvanic signals. This gives the ability to read muscle and nerve signals using one …


Boost Battery, Samuel Rauch, Alvin Ng, Lacy Sigman Jan 2015

Boost Battery, Samuel Rauch, Alvin Ng, Lacy Sigman

Electrical Engineering

In modern times, the problem of a depleted battery confronts us too often. Whether it appears with a smartphone or with any other electronic device, the situation frustrates all consumers. This project designs and constructs a compact portable battery charger that charges through kinetic energy. Thus, one can perform everyday activities, such as walking or running, and charge up a backup battery with no extra effort or time. Additionally, an attachable band harvests thermal energy to maximize the amount of clean power generated. Energy harvesting from kinetic motion and thermal differences provide users with power when no actual power suppliers …