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2005

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Articles 61 - 90 of 734

Full-Text Articles in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Optimization Of H.264 Baseline Decoder On Arm9tdmi Processor, Sandya B. Sheshadri Nov 2005

Optimization Of H.264 Baseline Decoder On Arm9tdmi Processor, Sandya B. Sheshadri

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

With the newly introduced features and advancements to the pre-existing features, the emerging H.264 video coding standard achieves significant improvements in coding performance over all existing standards, in a wide variety of applications. The coding-efficiency advantages of H.264, however, come at the expense of higher computational complexity. H.264 decoders can exhibit more than double the complexity of H.263 decoders. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that fractional-pixel motion-compensation interpolation and the loop filtering consume a significant amount of computational power in emerging H.264 decoders. Since these operations are part of the baseline profile of H.264, there is a need to evaluate …

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Region Of Interest (Roi) Based Rate Control For H.263 Compatible Video Conferecing, Lin Tong Nov 2005

Region Of Interest (Roi) Based Rate Control For H.263 Compatible Video Conferecing, Lin Tong

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation presents a region of interest (ROI) based H.263 [10] [13] compatible video codec, which integrates the idea of object-based coding from MPEG-4 Visual [9] [15] into the traditional block-based H.263 codec. A face detection and tracking scheme with very low complexity is proposed to segment human face region from video conferencing sequences in real-time. For intra frames, the proposed detection method is a hybrid skin color and mosaic-rule based face detection and for inter frames the face tracking method uses motion vectors only. With the segmentation information, the ROI based codec and its associated rate control schemes are …

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Error-Resilient Image And Video Coding Over Lossy Networks, Yilong Liu Nov 2005

Error-Resilient Image And Video Coding Over Lossy Networks, Yilong Liu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The rapid growth of the Internet and increasing bandwidth in the past decade has heightened the interest in robust transmission of image and video signals over error-prone links. Recent literatures highlight the multiple description (MD) coding as a promising approach to solve this problem. MD coding is a source coding technique that provides a graceful quality degradation in the presence of packet losses during transmission. Topics of interest to construct MD coders with high coding efficiency and robustness are studied in this thesis. First, to minimize the overall distortion of reconstructed image, an edge-adaptive estimation algorithm is employed, which can …

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Eigenspace Model Based Error Concealment And Low Bit Rate Coding Of Face Sequences, Xuejun Hu Nov 2005

Eigenspace Model Based Error Concealment And Low Bit Rate Coding Of Face Sequences, Xuejun Hu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The emerging multimedia applications address the increasing demand for novel video coding systems to provide higher compression ratio while maintaining the high quality of the reconstruction. This research makes an effort under such context to investigate the application of principal component analysis (PCA) in the video coding area, especially for error concealment and very low bit rate face coding. PCA is a well known optimal linear scheme for dimension reduction in data analysis. The central idea of PCA is to reduce the dimensionality of a data set while retaining as much as possible the variation in the data set. Since …

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Modeling And Feedback Control Of Mems Devices, Bruno Borovic Nov 2005

Modeling And Feedback Control Of Mems Devices, Bruno Borovic

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

As MEMS actuators reach maturity and emerge from the research lab into commercial applications, their increased reliability, speed, and performance accuracy is needed. MEMS are typically driven directly in an open-loop fashion by applying simple actuating signals. The requirements for better dynamical behavior, however, have resulted in the gradual introduction of improved actuation approaches, such as pre-shaped open-loop driving and closed-loop control. Unlike macro mechanical systems where the implementation of the feedback is relatively simple, it is quite problematic in the MEMS case. The presence of fast system dynamics, and physical area efficiency requirements have introduced additional challenges for feedback …

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Optimization Of H.264 High Profile Decoder For Pentium 4 Processor, Tarun Bhatia Nov 2005

Optimization Of H.264 High Profile Decoder For Pentium 4 Processor, Tarun Bhatia

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

H.264 is an emerging video coding standard, which aims at compressing high-quality video content at low-bit rates. While the basic idea behind the encoding and decoding process still remains the same as in the previous standards, many new and innovative tools have been added to provide higher compression capabilities with high perceptual quality. These capabilities have also contributed to the increase in complexity of implementation of H.264 significantly compared to the previous generation of video coding standards. In this thesis, the performance analysis of the H.264 decoder for decoding of high profile high definition data is done for the Pentium …

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Truncated Profile Hidden Markov Models, Jennifer A. Smith Nov 2005

Truncated Profile Hidden Markov Models, Jennifer A. Smith

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The profile hidden Markov model (HMM) is a powerful method for remote homolog database search. However, evaluating the score of each database sequence against a profile HMM is computationally demanding. The computation time required for score evaluation is proportional to the number of states in the profile HMM. This paper examines whether the number of states can be truncated without reducing the ability of the HMM to find proteins containing members of a protein domain family. A genetic algorithm (GA) is presented which finds a good truncation of the HMM states. The results of using truncation on searches of the …

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A Grasp For Unitary Space-Time Codes, Adam Panagos, Kurt Louis Kosbar Nov 2005

A Grasp For Unitary Space-Time Codes, Adam Panagos, Kurt Louis Kosbar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unitary space-time codes perform well at high signal-to-noise ratios on MIMO channels even when the propagation coefficients between transmitter and receiver are unknown. One method of constructing unitary space-time constellations uses a random search to find signal constellations that minimize the maximum pairwise correlation between transmitted signals. The work presented here uses a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) for finding good unitary space-time code constellations. Simulation results show that, on average, this technique finds codes with better correlation properties than the random search method. This new search procedure was also used to find signal constellations with better correlation properties …

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Integrated High Speed Intelligent Utility Tie Unit For Disbursed/Renewable Generation Facilities, Worakarn Wongsaichua Nov 2005

Integrated High Speed Intelligent Utility Tie Unit For Disbursed/Renewable Generation Facilities, Worakarn Wongsaichua

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

After experiencing the price hikes and rotating blackouts in California, the disbursed or distributed generation (DG) is considered as one of the most attractive alternatives for future utility industry. In addition to the conventional DG that uses fossil-fuel to generate power, the DG via renewable energy is of interest due to the environmental concern. Fuel cell and photovoltaic are the most promising technologies for the urban residential and small commercial users. For economic and reliability purposes, it is desirable for these facilities to be interconnected with the utility grid to perform peak shaving, demand reduction, and to serve as emergency …

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Social Utility Functions-Part I: Theory, Wynn C. Stirling Nov 2005

Social Utility Functions-Part I: Theory, Wynn C. Stirling

Faculty Publications

The dominant approaches to utility-based multiagent decision theory rely on the premise of individual rationality-the doctrine that each individual is committed to achieving the best outcome for itself, regardless of the effect doing so has on others. This fundamentally asocial concept is the basis of conventional von Neumann-Morgenstern (vN-M) utilities but is inadequate to characterize truly cooperative artificial systems. Social utility functions differ from conventional vN-M utilities in that they are functions of multiple decision-maker preferences, rather than actions, and thus permit individuals to expand their spheres of interest beyond the self. A logical basis for coherent reasoning in multiagent …

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Social Utility Functions-Part Ii: Applications, Wynn C. Stirling, Richard L. Frost Nov 2005

Social Utility Functions-Part Ii: Applications, Wynn C. Stirling, Richard L. Frost

Faculty Publications

Social utilities account for agent preferences and, thus, can characterize complex interrelationships, such as cooperation, compromise, negotiation, and altruism, that can exist between agents. Satisficing game theory, which is based on social utilities, offers a framework within which to design sophisticated multiagent systems. Key features of this approach are: a) an N-agent system may be represented by a 2N-dimensional Bayesian network, called a praxeic network; b) the theory accommodates a notion of situational altruism (a willingness to defer to others in a controlled way if so doing would actually benefit others under the condition that others wish to take advantage …

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Effects Of Ebg Reflection Phase Profiles On The Input Impedance And Bandwidth Of Ultrathin Directional Dipoles, M. Faisal Abedin, Mohammod Ali Nov 2005

Effects Of Ebg Reflection Phase Profiles On The Input Impedance And Bandwidth Of Ultrathin Directional Dipoles, M. Faisal Abedin, Mohammod Ali

Faculty Publications

A comprehensive study of the effects of the reflection phase profiles on dipole antennas is presented with the ultimate objective of designing ultrathin printed dipoles (as thin as one hundredth of the wavelength). Dipole driving-point impedance and bandwidth are studied as function of various electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) reflection phase profiles. It is demonstrated that although many different reflection phase profiles can be generated for a certain antenna height, it is the profile that satisfies a specific range of reflection phase angles that is required to achieve good antenna performance. Such optimum EBG phase profiles are generated for a number of …

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Asynchronous Ds-Ss Cdma Random Spreading Code Correlation Statistics In The Presence Of Timing Error, David W. Matolak Nov 2005

Asynchronous Ds-Ss Cdma Random Spreading Code Correlation Statistics In The Presence Of Timing Error, David W. Matolak

Faculty Publications

We quantify the effect of timing tracking errors upon 2nd order correlation statistics of random binary spreading codes and, in so doing, fill a gap in the literature. Using a Gaussian model for timing tracking error, new expressions for autocorrelation statistics are derived. For crosscorrelations, we show that a zero mean Gaussian timing error has no effect upon 2nd order crosscorrelation statistics.

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H-Infinity Estimation For Fuzzy Membership Function Optimization, Daniel J. Simon Nov 2005

H-Infinity Estimation For Fuzzy Membership Function Optimization, Daniel J. Simon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Given a fuzzy logic system, how can we determine the membership functions that will result in the best performance? If we constrain the membership functions to a specific shape (e.g., triangles or trapezoids) then each membership function can be parameterized by a few variables and the membership optimization problem can be reduced to a parameter optimization problem. The parameter optimization problem can then be formulated as a nonlinear filtering problem. In this paper we solve the nonlinear filtering problem using H∞ state estimation theory. However, the membership functions that result from this approach are not (in general) sum normal. …

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Measurement Sensitivity And Accuracy Verification For An Antenna Measurement System, Newlyn Hui, Aloysius Aragon Lubiano, Christopher R. Brito, Dean Arakaki Oct 2005

Measurement Sensitivity And Accuracy Verification For An Antenna Measurement System, Newlyn Hui, Aloysius Aragon Lubiano, Christopher R. Brito, Dean Arakaki

Electrical Engineering

An antenna measurement system was developed to complement a new rectangular anechoic chamber (20’L x 10’W x 9’7”H) that has been established at California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) through donations and financial support from industry and Cal Poly departments and programs. Software algorithms were written to provide four data acquisition methods: continual sweep and step mode for both single and multiple frequencies. Log magnitude and phase information for an antenna under test is captured over a user-specified angular position range and the antenna's radiation pattern is obtained after post processing. Pattern comparisons against theoretical predictions are performed. Finally an …

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Conducted Emissions Testing For Electromagnetic Compatibility, Maximilian Moy, Dean Arakaki Oct 2005

Conducted Emissions Testing For Electromagnetic Compatibility, Maximilian Moy, Dean Arakaki

Electrical Engineering

Operating frequencies in the gigahertz range is creating an increased need for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing. In the United States, FCC regulations require conformance to radiated and conducted emissions specifications. An EMC laboratory was established at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo (screen room, test instrumentation, and software) and an experiment was developed to explore conducted emissions effects. This paper will describe the test configuration, explain the calibration procedure needed to acquire accurate measurements, and illustrate measurement techniques applied to two example systems. In addition, the data collection process is illustrated through software donated by CKC Laboratories (EMC specialists). To verify …

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Terahertz Studies Of The Dielectric Response And Second-Order Phonons In A Gase Crystal, B. L. Yu, F. Zeng, V. Kartazayev, R. R. Alfano, K. C. Mandal Oct 2005

Terahertz Studies Of The Dielectric Response And Second-Order Phonons In A Gase Crystal, B. L. Yu, F. Zeng, V. Kartazayev, R. R. Alfano, K. C. Mandal

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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A Patterning Process Utilizing A Nanoimprint Lithography For Fabrication Of Planar Perpendicular Patterned Magnetic Media, Robert Grove Iii Oct 2005

A Patterning Process Utilizing A Nanoimprint Lithography For Fabrication Of Planar Perpendicular Patterned Magnetic Media, Robert Grove Iii

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis describes the results of applied research in the area of patterned magnetic media. Current magnetic media is pushing the physical limits of magnetic bits by compressing them into very small spaces - a process that will eventually be hampered by the superparamagnetic effect. The superparamagnetic effect will require the magnetic media industry to find a modified method of storing magnetic bits. Perpendicular patterned magnetic media could be the method of choice for future generations of magnetic data storage. Patterning magnetic media allows bits to be stored in isolated magnetic islands instead of in a continuous magnetic surface, as …

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Magneto-Photonic Crystal Isolators, Miguel Levy Oct 2005

Magneto-Photonic Crystal Isolators, Miguel Levy

Michigan Tech Patents

A magneto-optical isolator (20) for an optical circuit. The isolator includes a substrate, and an optical channel (350) disposed next to the substrate. The optical channel and substrate are configured to transmit optical radiation within the optical channel. The isolator further includes a photonic- crystal rotator (24) formed with the substrate and the optical channel. The rotator has at least one defect (52) and magnetic (M) and non-magnetic (N) materials.

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Design And Development Of Poly -(3 -Hexylthiophene) Field Effect Transistors, Fengliang Xue Oct 2005

Design And Development Of Poly -(3 -Hexylthiophene) Field Effect Transistors, Fengliang Xue

Doctoral Dissertations

Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the active layer are developed and studied. The device characteristics are significantly affected by source/drain contact resistance, and P3HT-SiO 2 interface and the traps. These results are verified by the numerical device simulations. The temperature dependence of device mobility is studied, which indicates that the carrier transport is either heat-assisted or heat-limited at different temperature ranges. The on/off ratio and threshold voltage are found to be dependent on the temperature. Hysteresis effect due to gate electric stress is investigated. The silanol groups present at the SiO2 surface are thought to be …

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Partition-Based Interpolation For Color Filter Array Demosaicking And Super-Resolution Reconstruction, Min Shao, Kenneth E. Barner, Russell C. Hardie Oct 2005

Partition-Based Interpolation For Color Filter Array Demosaicking And Super-Resolution Reconstruction, Min Shao, Kenneth E. Barner, Russell C. Hardie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A class of partition-based interpolators that addresses a variety of image interpolation applications are proposed. The proposed interpolators first partition an image into a finite set of partitions that capture local image structures. Missing high resolution pixels are then obtained through linear operations on neighboring pixels that exploit the captured image structure. By exploiting the local image structure, the proposed algorithm produces excellent performance on both edge and uniform regions. The presented results demonstrate that partition-based interpolation yields results superior to traditional and advanced algorithms in the applications of color filter array (CFA) demosaicking and super-resolution reconstruction.

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Performance Evaluation Of Video Streaming With Background Traffic Over Ieee 802.11 Wlan Networks, Nicola Cranley, Mark Davis Oct 2005

Performance Evaluation Of Video Streaming With Background Traffic Over Ieee 802.11 Wlan Networks, Nicola Cranley, Mark Davis

Conference papers

There is an increasing demand for multimedia streaming applications over WLAN networks. MPEG-4 and H.264 are compression standards targeted at high-quality streamed multimedia services over wireless best-effort IP networks. However, the dynamic nature of wireless networks in terms of fluctuating bandwidth and time-varying delays makes it difficult to provide good quality streaming under such constraints. Multimedia streaming applications are a demanding and challenging service to deliver over wireless networks. There is a trade-off between the capacity of the wireless network and the quality of the multimedia streaming application. In this paper we investigate the effect the background traffic load has …

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Upfc Control Employing Gradient Descent Search, William M. Siever, Radha P. Kalyani, Mariesa Crow, Daniel R. Tauritz Oct 2005

Upfc Control Employing Gradient Descent Search, William M. Siever, Radha P. Kalyani, Mariesa Crow, Daniel R. Tauritz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Increasing demand coupled with limitations on new construction indicate that existing power transmission must be better controlled in order to continue reliable operation. Recent advances in FACTS devices provide a mechanism to better control power flow on the transmission network. One particular device, the unified power flow controller (UPFC), holds the most promise for maintaining operation even when the system has suffered partial failure (either naturally occurring, due to human error, or a malicious attack). In addition to the capital cost, the primary obstacles to widespread UPFC use are the combined problems of selecting the most cost effective locations for …

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Application Of Transmission Line Models To Backpanel Plated Through-Hole Via Design, Shaowei Deng, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak, Jun Fan, James L. Knighten, Norman W. Smith Oct 2005

Application Of Transmission Line Models To Backpanel Plated Through-Hole Via Design, Shaowei Deng, Todd H. Hubing, James L. Drewniak, Jun Fan, James L. Knighten, Norman W. Smith

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper introduces an approach of using a plated through-hole (PTH) via transmission-line model in the design of a thick printed circuit board, such as a backpanel. Full wave FEM modeling of a section of backpanel containing a differential via pair was compared with a transmission model. Computed values of the differential transmission loss agreed within an acceptable range for engineering studies, yet the transmission line model results required less than 2% of the computation time that the full wave model required. Effects of via spacing, via diameter and trace thickness were also examined.

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Voltage Regulator Module Noise Analysis For High-Volume Server Applications, Erdem Matoglu, N. Pham, Giuseppe Selli, Mauro Lai, Samuel R. Connor, James L. Drewniak, Bruce Archambeault, D. Wang, D. Kuhn, R. Hashemi, Daniel N. De Araujo, M. Cases, B. Wilkie, B. Herrman, P. Patel Oct 2005

Voltage Regulator Module Noise Analysis For High-Volume Server Applications, Erdem Matoglu, N. Pham, Giuseppe Selli, Mauro Lai, Samuel R. Connor, James L. Drewniak, Bruce Archambeault, D. Wang, D. Kuhn, R. Hashemi, Daniel N. De Araujo, M. Cases, B. Wilkie, B. Herrman, P. Patel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a methodology to analyze voltage regulator module (VRM) noise coupling problems in high-volume server applications. The technique is applied on a real engineering design. The comprehensive model includes irregular power shapes, decoupling capacitors, and dielectric and conductive loss. Irregular shaped power plane modeling is cross-checked with four separate methods to demonstrate accuracy.

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Qca-Based Majority Gate Design Under Radius Of Effect-Induced Faults, Zachary D. Patitz, Nohpill Park, Minsu Choi, Fred J. Meyer Oct 2005

Qca-Based Majority Gate Design Under Radius Of Effect-Induced Faults, Zachary D. Patitz, Nohpill Park, Minsu Choi, Fred J. Meyer

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents reliable QCA cell structures for designing single clock-controlled majority gates with a tolerance to radius of effect-induced faults, for use as a basic building component for carry look-ahead adder. Realizable quantum computing is still well in the future due to the complexity of the quantum mechanics that govern them. In this regard, QCA-based system design is a challenging task since each cell''s state must interact with all the cells that are in its energy-effective range in its clocking zone, referred to as its radius of effect. This paper proposes a design approach for majority gates to overcome …

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Complex Power Distribution Network Investigation Using Spice Based Extraction From First Principle Formulations, Giuseppe Selli, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff, Jun Fan, James L. Knighten, Norman W. Smith, Dean Mccoy, Bruce Archambeault, Stefano Grivet-Talocia, Flavio G. Canavero Oct 2005

Complex Power Distribution Network Investigation Using Spice Based Extraction From First Principle Formulations, Giuseppe Selli, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff, Jun Fan, James L. Knighten, Norman W. Smith, Dean Mccoy, Bruce Archambeault, Stefano Grivet-Talocia, Flavio G. Canavero

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The modeling and the analysis of the power distribution networks (PDN) within multi-layer printed circuit board is crucial for the investigation of the performance of PCB systems. Carrying out such analyses in SPICE based tools has the advantage of being faster than the corresponding full-wave modeling and it allows obtaining both frequency and time domain results.

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Control Interaction Mitigation For The Unified Power Flow Controller, Liangying Dong, Mariesa Crow Oct 2005

Control Interaction Mitigation For The Unified Power Flow Controller, Liangying Dong, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper establishes that dynamic interactions can occur between multiple UPFCs installed in power systems. The existence of the dynamic interactions can adversely affect the overall system performance and lead to system instability. This paper identifies two types of interactions among FACTS controllers: low frequency inter-area interaction and high frequency controller interactions. Several control approaches are proposed to mitigate these interactions. The IEEE New England 10-machine 39-bus system is used to demonstrate the existence of the control interactions and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed interaction mitigation controls.

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Evaluation Of Microwave Reflection Properties Of Cyclically Soaked Mortar Based On A Semiempirical Electromagnetic Model, Shanup Peer, K. E. Kurtis, R. Zoughi Oct 2005

Evaluation Of Microwave Reflection Properties Of Cyclically Soaked Mortar Based On A Semiempirical Electromagnetic Model, Shanup Peer, K. E. Kurtis, R. Zoughi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Detection of chloride ingress and evaluation of its distribution and temporal movement in reinforced concrete structures is an important practical issue. Steel reinforcing bars embedded in good quality concrete are normally protected from corrosion. However, the presence of a sufficient concentration of free chloride ions in the region of the reinforcing steel can initiate the process of corrosion. Therefore, it is important to be able to detect ingress of chloride ions and their distribution in cement-based materials. Moreover, it is important to obtain this information nondestructively. In recent years, near-field microwave nondestructive evaluation methods, using open-ended rectangular waveguide probes, have …

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Machine Design Considerations For The Future Energy Challenge, Jonathan W. Kimball, Marco Amrhein Oct 2005

Machine Design Considerations For The Future Energy Challenge, Jonathan W. Kimball, Marco Amrhein

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Motors consume a significant fraction of electricity in the United States and in the world. As part of the International Future Energy Challenge, student teams are endeavoring to improve the efficiency of fractional-horsepower machines. The present work summarizes the motor design and construction process for a 500 W prototype induction machine targeting efficiency above 80%. Analytical and finite-element results are shown.

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