Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Mathematical Model For Helically Propagating Spatially Multiplexed Mimo Channels Inside Single Core Optical Fibers, Ibrahim Barka

Theses and Dissertations

It all started when our curiosity was sparked by observing light beams from a Multi-Channel Laser Source precisely coupled into a single-core optical fiber positioned on an optical bench in the lab. The multiplexed light beams, characterized by different spatial azimuthal angles, were guided by the fiber, tracing helical paths and producing a bright central spot with concentric rings depending on the launched angles, a phenomenon we came to call Spatial Domain Multiplexing (SDM). Conventional concepts of hybrid and LP modes couldn’t fully explain the behavior of SDM modes, leading us to the question of the types of field configurations …

Dual-Channel Side Channel Attack: Improved Aes Key Decryption By Combining Power And Electromagnetic Side Channels With Convolutional Neural Networks, Sean P. O'Neill

Theses and Dissertations

This research introduces a novel DL approach for SCA that combines power consumption and EM signals to enhance encryption key deduction by leveraging a dual-channel CNN architecture. A new dataset, consisting of simultaneous power and EM signal collections during 128-bitAES encryption, was developed to train and evaluate the model’s effectiveness. The combined approach achieved an 88% reduction in traces needed, from 50 traces to 6, for encryption key classification, outperforming traditional methods such as random forest, DPA, DEMA,and individual side channel CNN models. These findings highlight the potential of integrating multiple side channels in SCA to improve performance without the …

Investigation On The Impact Of Loading Effect Of Fruit Juices On The Performance Of Pulsed Electric Field Generators, Devi S

Theses and Dissertations

Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) treatment is one of the efficient non-thermal food processing techniques which is being preferred as a replacement for thermal pasteurization methods. The effectiveness of PEF treatment was measured in terms of reduction in the microbial load in the food, extension of shelf life of the food and retention of nutritional properties of the food. The successful implementation of the PEF treatment depends upon various aspects such as design of pulse generator, parameters of pulse generator, shape and size of the treatment chamber and most importantly the characteristics of each food items. Design and fabrication of a …

Design And Analysis Of Optimal Energy Efficient Routing Protocols For Lifetime Maximization And Qos Enhancement In Wireless Body Area Networks, Karthikeyan S

Theses and Dissertations

In recent times, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) a subsection of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) a promising technology for the future healthcare realm with cutting-edge technologies that can assist healthcare professionals like doctors, nurses and biomedical engineers which enables one-to-one care by implementing Tele-Medicine and Tele-Health solutions. Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) enabled medical big data is the future of the healthcare sector and Medical Technology-based industries leading to applications in other sectors such as fitness tracking for commercial purposes, Sportsperson health monitoring to track their day-to-day activities and wearable devices for critical and emergency care.

Recent …

Sex Differences In Active Avoidance And Neural Circuit Mechanisms In Contextual Fear Generalization, Carly Vincent

Theses and Dissertations

The current studies were aimed to investigate two behavioral hallmarks of anxiety and stress-related disorders, avoidance responses and the over-generalization of fear. In the first set of studies, active avoidance and extinction learning, that parallels exposure therapy in preclinical rodent models, were used. It is known that stress can influence aversive learning and extinction training, which can result in poor extinction retention. However, it is not well understood how the stress response is facilitating extinction resistance in active avoidance learning across sexes. Therefore, the first set of studies aimed to investigate the role of biological sex and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) …

Development Of Avalanche Photo Detector For Uv-C Using Gallium Oxide Material System, Md Ghulam Ghulam Zakir

Theses and Dissertations

This work describes the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) optimization process for epitaxially grown gallium oxide (Ga2O3) layers, electrical field distribution, and the design for Avalanche Photo Detector (APD). MOCVD is a well-accepted process in the semiconductor industry, as it is well-known for its precise deposition of ultra-thin, high-quality semiconductor layers with extraordinary control over composition and thickness. The choice of Ga2O3 is due to r its distinctive properties of ultra-wide bandgap and low turn-on resistance. Thus, Ga₂O₃-based materials can withstand high voltage and current with the least energy loss, making them an attractive choice for …

Thermal Management Of Power Electronic Devices Using Single Crystal Aln Heat Spreaders, Md Abdullah-Al Mamun

Theses and Dissertations

Due to high critical electric field and saturation velocity, wide bandgap (WBG) III-Nitride semiconductor materials (AlxGa1-xN) and their heterostructures have gone through extensive research in academia and industry for applications requiring high-voltage, high-current, high-frequency, and high-temperature transistor operation. AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) has been commercialized for 650-V power converters, smartphones, PCs, USB wall power outlets, on-board and off-board EV chargers, and numerous other applications. However, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on low-cost sapphire or Si substrates face significant self-heating issues due to the poor thermal conductivity of the substrate. The high thermal resistance (RTH) and heat capacity of the substrates …

Design Of An Above Pavement Wireless Sensor Node (Apwsn) For Real-Time Roadway Monitoring Using Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting, Jochy Jonathan Perez

Theses and Dissertations

The evolution of Smart Highway and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offers new opportunities to improve the safety and efficiency of vehicular traffic on roads. This research effort describes the development of a wireless pavement sensor that provides a novel method to detect key pavement parameters while incorporating low-power energy harvesting that leverages the kinetic energy generated by vehicular traffic. The Above Pavement Wireless Sensor Node (APWSN) is the embodiment of the approach. APWSN can facilitate the strategic deployment of sensors on a wide variety of roads to enable real-time data collection to support decision-making processes for road infrastructure maintenance …

Low-Power Sensor Design And Fusion To Edge Devices For High-Speed Object Detection And Enhanced Soldier Situational Awareness, Scott Patrick Wood

Theses and Dissertations

Threat detection and physiological monitoring of soldiers from fused sensor data collected in real time is currently limited to running deep neural networks with substantial computing needs. The lack of data acquisition from sensor readings and efficient detection of novel enemy signatures motivates the need for a low-power, low-cost, wireless multisensor fusion computing system. We propose the current trends in Internet of Things to deploy a chargeable, wireless multi-channel acquisition system that can be interfaced to a high speed, Single Board Computer (SBC) such as the NVIDIA Jetson Orin capable of running object detection models, such as YOLOv7-tiny to enable …

An Analysis Of Electrical Energy Resilience Technologies As Applied To Air Force Operations, Eric D. Danko

Theses and Dissertations

An analysis of 46 Resilient Energy Devices and Technology Concepts was conducted to determine their suitability for use in supporting Air Force Operations both at home station and abroad. The research consisted of two endeavors: an extensive literature review and a rank-ordering matrix. The dual nature of the efforts was designed to maximize usability and understanding for the End User, who may not be familiar with some principles of energy technologies, resilience, or design. The results showed the superiority of novel Solid (Metal) Fuels and Lead-Acid Batteries for Energy Storage and Thermoelectric Generators, Solar Photovoltaic Panels, Geothermal Extraction, Diesel Generators, …

Machine Visual Perception For Autonomous Docking Maneuvers, Derek B. Worth

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents a novel approach to autonomous docking using machine learning for visual perception, particularly during probe and drogue aerial refueling. Autonomous vehicles have become pervasive in both civilian and defense sectors, and their ability to interact with their surroundings and each other autonomously is critical for future operations. Traditional methods relying on signals or inertial sensors face significant limitations such as interference, jamming, and drift. This research focuses on developing a computer vision-based solution to overcome these limitations. A novel pipeline, termed relative vectoring, is introduced, which utilizes dual object detection and machine learning to estimate relative positions …

Scene Decomposed Blind Deconvolution And Neural Network Based Multi-Frame Image Restoration Techniques For Astronomical Imagery, Joshua S. Sprang

Theses and Dissertations

Ground based astronomical imaging is an important method in gaining situational awareness of orbiting and far off objects in space. This method of imaging is accessible to everyone that can look up into the sky, but the accessibility to digital telescope systems allows for more exciting methods of extracting information. A use case for these telescopes is finding nearby objects to larger brighter known objects. The number satellites in low-earth orbit and geosynchronous earth orbit is becoming more congested as these orbits increase in population. Tens of thousands of satellites and debris now exist in this orbit, with the number …

Investigations On Structure-Related Properties Of Organic Inorganic Hybrid Materials For Multifunction, Anu Ranjani E Ms

Theses and Dissertations

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide perovskites have become a versatile material in diverse applications like optoelectronics, lighting and display, magnetism, etc. These materials are often termed as layered hybrid halide perovskites (LHHPs) due to their unique structure with alternate organic and inorganic layers. The presence of insulating organic layers separates the inorganic perovskite slabs, creating a quantum-confined architectural configuration. This unique configuration endows these materials with a spectrum of distinctive functionalities, encompassing photovoltaics, lighting and displays, second harmonic generation, optical limiting, ferroelectricity, and ferromagnetism. The exceptional attribute is that a single LHHP can respond autonomously to external stimuli, such as changes …

Deep Learning Technique For The Classification Of Stress Among The Students Using Physiological Biomarkers With A Hybrid Feature Approach, Rajendran Vg

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescence is a crucial part in life, and the presence of stress, anxiety, depression, and health issues during this stage is a great concern. This research aims to analyze and predict the cognitive stress in students during the examination period using EEG biomarkers. In this study, raw EEG data is acquired under two different experimental conditions, before and after examination, from 14 subjects with an eight-channel Enobio device. After preprocessing of the EEG signal, the brain rhythms such as theta, alpha, and beta sub-band energies and EEG band ratios such as neural activity, heart rate, arousal index, vigilance index and …

Remote Sensing Assessment Of Ionospheric Total Electron Content Over Thanjavur Gps Station Geomagnetic 2.91 N 152.22 E, Veera Kumar Maheswaran

Theses and Dissertations

A Global Positioning System (GPS) station for ionosphere studies was established during December 2019 in Thanjavur (Geographic 10.72◦ E, 79.01◦ N, Geomagnetic 2.91◦ N, 152.22◦ E). The study involved analysing Total Electron Content (TEC) data and correcting biases to estimate Slant Total Electron Content (STEC). STEC was then converted to Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC), useful for space weather, navigation, surveying, and environmental monitoring.

During the course of our study, this Thanjavur station witnessed a Annular Solar eclipse of Dec-26, 2019. The Solar eclipses can impact ionospheric conditions, causing VTEC depletion. This study shows how the near-earth environment changes during …

Development Of Electrochemical Sensors For The Detection Of Pesticide Residues In Water, Indhu S

Theses and Dissertations

Intentional and unintentional events of pesticide poisoning and their accidental exposure have significantly raised the concerns of global organizations to classify these chemical compounds based on their toxicity, to assign permissible limits, and to appoint task force for periodic monitoring of their presence in water bodies.

In this context, researchers are continually seeking potential alternatives to develop water quality sensors with higher selectivity to obtain the desired performance during real-time assessment. Electrochemical sensors involving interface materials of distinguishing capacity at elevated matrix complexity are desirable. However, there remains a challenge in designing suitable techniques, methodologies, and appropriate validations to support …

Phosphorene As A Chemical Nanosensor For Volatile Organic Compound Vapours - A Dft Outlook, Saravanan S

Theses and Dissertations

Based on the density functional theory framework, the structural stability of phosphorene allotropes and its various nanostructures are ensured. The various allotropes of phosphorene and its nanostructures such as nanosheets, nanoribbon and nanotubes are used as adsorbing materials for various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as alcohols, chloroform, amines and aldehydes. The results of adsorption energy are used to confirm physisorption or chemisorption of VOCs on phosphorene. In addition, the charge transfer outcome suggests whether phosphorene is acting as acceptor or donor of electrons upon interaction of target VOCs.

The electronic attributes such as band structure, projected density of states …

Developing A Hierarchical Digital Twin Framework For Dc Microgrid Implementation, Khari Sado

Theses and Dissertations

This research introduces a hierarchical digital twin framework for DC microgrids implementation, particularly those utilized in naval power systems. Unlike traditional digital twins, this hierarchical digital twin structure offers a layered perspective. Hierarchical digital twin design promotes computational efficiency by distributing computational burden across a layered configuration that integrates lower-level digital twin blocks with a system digital twin. The layered approach breaks down complex systems into smaller manageable units that can be examined individually and collectively. Central to this strategy is the adoption of a multi-domain and multi-functional technique through the integration of the digital image framework. This allows the …

Investigation Of Various Mimo Antenna For 5g Mobile Phone Applications, Rajesh Kumar D

Theses and Dissertations

The rapid progress of wireless communication systems has been driven by the persistent demand for higher data rates, improved connectivity, and seamless user experiences. The introduction of fifth-generation (5G) wireless technology introduces fresh challenges and possibilities within the domain of antenna design, particularly concerning Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems operating in the sub-6 GHz frequency range. This thesis conducts a comprehensive exploration and conceptualization of MIMO antennas expressly crafted for smooth integration into mobile phones, with a particular emphasis on addressing the distinctive requisites of sub-6 GHz 5G communication.

The proposed antenna designs effectively harnesses the advantages inherent in multiple-input multiple-output …

Design And Implementation Of Truly Random Number Generation Using Memristors For In-Memory Computing, Nick Felker

Theses and Dissertations

This paper proposes a new security module based on non-volatile memory. The module uses a memristor-based true random number generator to generate random numbers which can be used for cryptography. The module is implemented in software using a modified RISC-V instruction set architecture. The paper evaluates the performance of the module using the RISC-V simulator Gem5. The results show that the module can generate random numbers at a rate of 63 microseconds per number, which is faster than the standard C library’s random number generator. The module can also be used to scramble strings of characters and generate hashes of …

Reconfigurable Metasurface For 5g & Beyond Wireless Communication, Monisha S

Theses and Dissertations

The potential new applications and increasing demands of future 5th generation (5G) and beyond wireless communication indicate a promising future for mobile communications. However, the transmission medium has traditionally been seen as an unpredictable factor between the sender and receiver. As we enter the digital era of wireless communications, signal quality is deteriorating due to environmental interferences.

With the continuous advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for advanced solutions that can handle complex applications such as haptic communications, the Internet of Things for smart cities, automation, and manufacturing. One technology that has received much attention is the reconfigurable …

Parallel Communications In Single-Core Optical Fibers Utilizing Spatial Domain Multiplexing And Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Mingxuan Tu

Theses and Dissertations

This endeavor proposes a hybrid parallel optical communication architecture in single-core fibers combining WDM in O-band (1270 nm, 1310 nm, 1310 nm, and 1330 nm) and two-channel SDM. The proposed architecture applies carefully designed delays in each propagating channel to achieve synchronization and, therefore, realizes parallel transmission in single-core fibers without the help of Serializer/De-serializers (SerDes). A mathematical model of SDM, calculations on delays between each optical channel, simulation of the hybrid architecture, experimental setup, and the testing and analysis of channel performance have been provided. A design of a photonic integrated circuit based on thin film lithium niobate electro-optic …

Design And Development Of A Direct Medium Voltage Solar Pv Resonant Inverter, Parthkumar Sureshkumar Bhuvela

Theses and Dissertations

In a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system connected to a medium voltage (MV) grid, an inverter is generally employed with a line frequency transformer (LFT) to connect to the grid. These LFTs are large in size and weight, exhibit high cost and losses. In recent studies, the LFTs replaced by are by (high frequency transformer) HFT embedded in DC-DC converters. These DC-DC converters are used to boost voltage levels and DC-AC inverters are employed for MV inversion. This leads to high frequency switching at MV which increases losses in inversion stage. In this study, a novel MV grid-connected solar PV inverter …

Increasing Optical Channel Capacity By Integrating Pam4 Modulation With Wavelength Division Multiplexing And Spatial Domain Multiplexing, Swaroopini Harish

Theses and Dissertations

Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) is a technique used in telecommunications and networking to increase data transmission capacity over optical fiber communication channels. This multiplexing technique spatially reuses optical frequencies by allocating different spatial locations for inputs based on their inject angles. The signals travel in a helical pattern within the carrier fiber and exit as concentric rings. SDM enables more efficient utilization of available bandwidth and improved communication performance. In four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), each symbol represents a combination of four possible signal levels instead of the two levels in binary modulation. The four levels are denoted in different …

Matrix Processing With Photonic Analog Computing, James Michael Garofolo

Theses and Dissertations

In the digital age, a wide variety of engineering problems have been solved, to a great deal of success, by digital computing techniques. The flexibility of software and relatively low cost of digital computing hardware make it an ideal starting point for solving a majority of tasks, and the numerical stability of software solutions make it highly appealing as the major workhorse for computational tasks. Despite this, many problems are actually suboptimally solved by digital methods, leading to systems with high latency, low throughput, power hungry parallel processing units and an excess of memory for discretizing sensor inputs. Computational photonic …

Fast And Accurate Automatic Design Of Spiral Inductors From High-Level Specification, Heba Ismail

Theses and Dissertations

Integrated on-chip planar spiral inductors are widely employed in communication circuit blocks and other various electronic devices, thus becoming an essential passive component of RF integrated circuits (RFICs). A common vital spiral inductor design problem is determining the optimum layout parameters of spiral inductors that yield the desired inductance value and achieve highest quality factor at the intended operating frequency. Various approaches tackle this difficulty, but the most prevalent approaches for designing inductors are using an electromagnetic simulator or a library of pre-designed inductors. The latter approach requires an extensive amount of time and computational resources, whereas the former restricts …

Shape Memory Alloy Capsule Micropump For Drug Delivery Applications, Youssef Mohamed Kotb

Theses and Dissertations

Implantable drug delivery devices have many benefits over traditional drug administration techniques and have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. By delivering the medication directly to the tissue, they enable the use of larger localized concentrations, enhancing the efficacy of the treatment. Passive-release drug delivery systems, one of the various ways to provide medication, are great inventions. However, they cannot dispense the medication on demand since they are nonprogrammable. Therefore, active actuators are more advantageous in delivery applications. Smart material actuators, however, have greatly increased in popularity for manufacturing wearable and implantable micropumps due to their high energy …

Federated Learning Based Autoencoder Ensemble System For Malware Detection On Internet Of Things Devices, Steven Edward Arroyo

Theses and Dissertations

New technologies are being introduced at a rate faster than ever before and smaller in size. Due to the size of these devices, security is often difficult to implement. The existing solution is a firewall-segmented “IoT Network” that only limits the effect of these infected devices on other parts of the network. We propose a lightweight unsupervised hybrid-cloud ensemble anomaly detection system for malware detection. We perform transfer learning using a generalized model trained on multiple IoT device sources to learn network traffic on new devices with minimal computational resources. We further extend our proposed system to utilize federated learning …

Physical Effects On The Worst-Case Delay Analysis And Signal Integrity Of Buses And Spirals, Mahmoud Mahany

Theses and Dissertations

Physical effects have a significant impact on the IC design which will be investigated in this thesis. Moving toward advanced technology nodes, magnetic effects become more dominant than capacitive effects. As the dimensions of the devices go down and the interconnect manipulates the circuit behavior more and more. Cross talking and voltage drops are affecting the design heavily, however - going to the full electromagnetic point of view - current return path (CRP) adds significant parasitics to the performance of the chip. Neglecting the CRP gives wrong intuition and simulation of the designs, especially that the environment and surroundings can …

Transforming Orthopedic Surgery: Autonomous Image-Guided Techniques For Femur Fracture Robotic Surgery, Marzieh Sadat Saeedi-Hosseiny

Theses and Dissertations

Long-bone fractures, particularly femur fractures, are prevalent and necessitate surgical intervention due to traumatic forces. Manual reduction procedures pose challenges, including excessive traction forces and reliance on limited X-ray imaging, resulting in malalignment-related complications and repeated surgeries. Current methods for femur fracture reduction are prone to inaccuracies, prolonged surgical times, and postoperative complications. This research introduces image-guided methods to automate a surgical robotic system, Robossis, to enhance femur alignment accuracy, reduce procedure times, and improve patient outcomes. To address these challenges, a marker-based approach utilizing a few X-ray images is developed to detect the spatial relative position of the femur …