Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Nuclei Segmentation Using Level Set Method And Data Fusion For The Cin Classification, Ravali Edulapuram

Masters Theses

"This paper deals with the automation of the detection of the cervical cancer through histology images. This process is divided into two parts, corresponding to segmentation and data fusion. The segmentation and classification of the cervical epithelium images is done using hybrid image processing techniques. The digitized histology images provided have a pre-cervical cancer condition called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by expert pathologists. Previously, image analysis studies focused on nuclei-level features to classify the epithelium into the CIN grades. The current study focuses on nuclei segmentation based on the level set segmentation and fuzzy c-means clustering methods. Morphological post-processing operations …

Nuclei Segmentation Of Histology Images Based On Deep Learning And Color Quantization And Analysis Of Real World Pill Images, Sudhir Sornapudi

Masters Theses

"Medical image analysis has paved a way for research in the field of medical and biological image analysis through the applications of image processing. This study has special emphasis on nuclei segmentation from digitized histology images and pill segmentation. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers affecting women. This can be cured if detected early. Histology image feature analysis is required to classify the squamous epithelium into Normal, CIN1, CIN2 and CIN3 grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The nuclei in the epithelium region provide the majority of information regarding the severity of the cancer. Segmentation of …

Sparse Emission Source Microscopy For Rapid Emission Source Imaging, Ling Zhang

Masters Theses

"In Paper I, Sparse Emission Source Microscopy (ESM) methodology will be introduced and discussed for the localization of major EMI radiation sources in complex and large systems. Traditional ESM method takes abundant and uniformly-distributed scanning points on the scanning plane using a robotic system, which can provide high-quality source images but consumes too much time. This section presents a sparse and nonuniform sampling technique for ESM, which is more time-efficient in identifying major radiation sources, even though the image quality is sacrificed. The feasibility of sparse sampling is mathematically proved, and it is shown that increasing number of points increases …

Biodegradable Capacitive Pressure Sensor Toward Temporary Implants For Intervertebral Pressure Monitoring, Devdatt Chattopadhyay

Masters Theses

"The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate a new class of implantable biomedical device, based on biodegradable borate glass as the substrate material that can be potentially used to monitor the intervertebral pressure in the lumbar region of the human body. Two major types of implantable biomedical devices include the permanent prosthetic devices such as pacemakers and the temporary implants for short-term intervention and monitoring. Unless surgically removed after their intended operation, the temporary implants are left inside the body causing electromagnetic issues, latent complications and various biomechanical safety concerns. In order to address this issue, a new device …

Development Of Fully Printed And Flexible Strain, Pressure And Electrochemical Sensors, Dinesh Maddipatla

Masters Theses

In recent years, considerable research has been put into the development of printed electronics (PE) as well as the best ways to effectively and efficiently print electronic devices on flexible substrates. This thesis focuses majorly on the design and fabrication of novel flexible sensors using conventional printing processes.

Initially, a flexible printed strain gauge was fabricated successfully on a flexible paper substrate using flexography printing process. Silver (Ag) ink was printed on the paper substrate as metallization layer. The performance of the printed device was investigated by subjecting the strain gauge to a 3-point bend test, with a displacement of …

Development Of Strain And Pressure Sensors On Flexible And Stretchable Platforms, Mohammed Mudher Mohammed Ali

Masters Theses

The capability of the human brain to operate in conjunction with human senses and muscles enables us to become powerful autonomous beings. By using these organs, humans can interact with the surrounding environment. Similarly, the combination of sensors with the signal processing of modern electronics enables the interaction with the non-electrical environment.

In this thesis, the work focuses on the design and fabrication of flexible and stretchable sensors which have been receiving an increased interest for applications such as human body movement, tracking in the biomedical industry, object detection, fingerprint sensor as well as for monitoring deformations or structural changes …

Total Harmonics Distortion Reduction Using Adaptive, Weiner, And Kalman Filters, Liqaa Alhafadhi

Masters Theses

Total harmonics distortion is one of the main problems in power systems due to its effects in generating undesirable issues in power quality. These effects include heating (in transformers, capacitors, motors, and generators), disoperation of electronic equipment, incorrect readings on meters, disoperation of protective relays, and communication interference. Besides these problems, harmonics affect the power quality in both transmission and distribution systems. Different techniques have been used to mitigate the effects of harmonics. These techniques include; passive filters, active power filter, artificial intelligent, and adaptive selective harmonics reductions. Each method has some advantage and disadvantage. This thesis presented new models …

A General Code To Simulate The Effect Of Indirect Lightning On Overhead Lines Using Emtp-Type Programs, Hasan Jameel Hasan

Masters Theses

In this thesis, a general code is obtained to allow the simulation of the transient response of transmission lines excited by a nearby lightning stroke using EMTP–type programs, namely PSCAD and ATP.

Initially, the frequency domain modeling of single phase and multiconductor transmission lines is described and assessed by means of several application examples. As a second stage, the transmission line model is used to implement an illuminated transmission line model (line excited by an electromagnetic field excitation) using Taylor’s formulation. Then, a general code is developed in MATLAB to obtain the response of a field excited line; this effect …

Internal Fault Location In Transformer Windings, Samir Yehya Abed-Alkareem Alzekri

Masters Theses

Power transformers are one of the most important components in electrical power systems. During their lifetime they are exposed to various electrical faults which are originated from transient overvoltages, electromagnetic forces due to over-currents, ageing, etc.

Internal winding faults are among the most common causes of transformer failure. Once a fault occurs, a fast an efficient method for its detection and location is required to avoid further delays in the network operation. This paper introduces a simple method for the location of internal winding faults. This method is based on time domain terminal measurements of wave propagation along the winding. …

A Parameterized Implementation Of A Hybrid Fuzzy Boolean Finite State Machine Using An Fpga, Sean T. Fuller

Masters Theses

A fuzzy system based on the extended Hybrid Fuzzy Boolean Finite State Machine (HFBFSM) model is designed and implemented in a Xilinx Zynq® all programmable System on Chip (SoC). The system allows for a single dominant crisp state and multiple non-dominant states to be activated simultaneously. A method is proposed to calculate the degree of membership of non-dominant states, β, by the distance of defuzzified fuzzy inputs to state transition trigger mechanisms.

The HFB-FSM is was realized by the author using custom logic written in VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Hardware Description Language) in the Programmable Logic (PL) …

Protection Of A 138/34.5 Kv Transformer Using Sel 387-6 Relay, Aamani Lakkaraju

Masters Theses

"Schweitzer Engineering laboratories (SEL) donated the SEL 387, SEL 311L, and SEL 351S relays and the SEL AMS to Missouri University of Science and Technology. This thesis documents the demonstration approach to set the SEL 387 relay to protect a grounded wye-grounded wye transformer and then test these settings by injecting fault currents into the relay using the SEL AMS. This thesis explains the approach to set the differential element of the SEL 387 relay to protect a transformer against internal faults and the overcurrent element of the SEL 387 relay to protect transformer against external faults. A radial power …

Material Properties Characterization For Multilayer Pcb And Peec Macromodels For Above Plane Decoupling Capacitors, Xiang Fang

Masters Theses

"Accurate frequency-dependent dielectric properties are important for accurate modelling of signal and power integrity problems. And decoupling capacitors perform an important function in the impedance reduction of power distribution systems. Hence, precise dielectric properties and micromodels for decoupling capacitors are the key parts for the signal and power integrity design.

In Section 1, the existing method for extracting dielectric properties from fabricated multilayer printed circuit boards based on the measured electrical property of fabricated transmission lines is introduced and validated using simulations. And the potential errors in the procedure are discussed. After that Djordjevic-Sarkar causal dielectric model for dielectric properties …

Thresholding Techniques For Discrimination Of Seborrheic Keratosis From Melanoma In Dermoscopy Images, Pramada Kishtagari

Masters Theses

“Malignant melanoma is a very deadly form of skin cancer which has claimed many lives over the past few years. If detected early this can be cured, hence early detection of malignant melanoma is essential. Unfortunately melanoma is mimicked by seborrheic keratosis, a benign skin cancer. Identifying malignant melanoma as seborrheic keratosis using clinical diagnosis can prove fatal to the patient. To prevent such errors, dermoscopy, a common non-invasive skin imaging technique, is used which improves the diagnosis of these pigmented lesions by visualizing the morphological structures. This study proposes an automatic method by applying image processing techniques to aid …

Measurements And Simulation Of Conductor-Related Loss Of Pcb Transmission Lines, Oleg Kashurkin

Masters Theses

"With continuously increasing data rates Signal Integrity (SI) problems become more and more challenging. One of the main issues in high-speed data transfer is the frequency-dependent loss of transmission lines. This thesis is dedicated to conductor-related loss mechanisms in printed circuit board (PCB) transmission lines.

This thesis provides the experimental investigation of conductor properties used for fabrication of PCBs. Particularly, the resistivity and conductivity along with the temperature coefficients of eleven copper types is measured and reported. A four probe measurement technique is used. Results were verified by two independent measurements and show discrepancy of less than 0.5%.

Another major …

Application Of Embedded Frequency Selective Surfaces For Structural Health Monitoring, Dustin Franklin Pieper

Masters Theses

"This thesis proposes the use of Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) as an embedded structural health monitoring (SHM) sensor. FSSs are periodic arrays of conductive elements that filter certain frequencies of incident electromagnetic radiation. The behavior of this filter is heavily dependent on the geometry of the FSS and local environment. Therefore, by monitoring how this filtering response changes when the geometric or environmental changes take place, information about those changes may be determined. In previous works, FSS-based sensing has shown promise for sensing normal strain (a stretching or compressing geometrical deformation). This concept is extended in this thesis by investigating …

A Cost Benefit Analysis Of Sst Based Volt-Var Control, Guruprasad Ramani

Masters Theses

"The overall objective of this thesis work is to improve system power quality with the help of solid state transformers (SSTs). Two methods to improve the system power quality are explored: a) achieving a unity power factor at all the load buses, and b) improving the system voltage profile to meet a desired voltage regulation requirement of 0.95

Automated Channel Emulator Based On Mems Switch And Improvement Of Signal Transition, Jingdong Sun

Masters Theses

"Channel Emulator, which is widely used in communication system development, is an instrument that emulates the real-world signal propagation environment between transmitter and. [sic] To overcome the disadvantages of traditional channel emulator, we propose a novel structure of the automated channel emulator in Section 1, which can be controlled by software and integrated into auto-testing system. MEMS switch, with good RF performance, is used to connect and isolate multiple channels.

In Section 2, we divide the whole channel emulator system into Channel, Support, and Controller Board, and provide detailed design procedures with critical parameters of each board. The well-designed high …

Esd Related Soft Error Detection And Root Cause Analysis, Suyu Yang

Masters Theses

"In this article, several methods are outlined for detecting functional changes in an IC due to external interference such as ESD or EMI. The goal is to provide diagnostic tools for detection of potential soft failure susceptibilities of complex systems during the hardware design stage without the aid of any complex software. After the soft errors are found, circuit modeling techniques are used to characterize the DUT. By running the circuit model, the soft error threshold can be predicted and the circuit model can be used to evaluate the performance of other ESD protection methods. In the end several methods …

A Control Algorithm For The Solar Village Microgrid System, Hamad Ahmed Alharkan

Masters Theses

"In this thesis, the concept of microgrid system is introduced. Also, the major components of a microgrid will be discussed thoroughly. Both grid-connected and autonomous modes are explained. In addition, the control of a microgrid is defined for the following types: local, centralized and decentralized control.

As one of the nation's premiere research universities, the Missouri University of Science and Technology has built four inspirational solar houses (solar villages) for a competition in the US Department of Energy Solar Decathlon to allow students to research and improve different aspects of the microgrid system. Consequently, this thesis develops a computer model …

Design Of A Microwave Imaging System For Rapid Wideband Imaging, Matthew Jared Horst

Masters Theses

An imaging system composed of two linear arrays of antennas is designed through full-wave simulation and fabricated for use in synthetic aperture radar imaging. The arrays electronically scan along their antenna elements and are mechanically moved along a second orthogonal direction for scanning large two-dimensional areas quickly. Each linear array is printed on a circuit board where the antenna elements are integrated into the edge of the board as tapered slot-line antennas operating at 22 to 27 GHz. A multiplexer circuit is printed onto each linear array to transmit wideband signals to each antenna in the array. Receivers are printed …

Radiation Noise Source Modeling And Near-Field Coupling Estimation In Rf Interference, Liang Li

Masters Theses

"With increasing complexities and shrinking size of modern electronic devices, the near-field RF interference issues are becoming challenging for RF-digital mixed circuit design. Predicting the coupling from digital module to RF antennas and mitigating RF interference is important to the system performance. The ultimate goal of this study is to address the desensitization issues existing in modern electronic devices that have mixed high speed digital-RF circuits, such as cellphone and wearable devices.

In order to estimate the near-field noise coupling from digital module to RF antennas, the noise source is anticipated to be replaced by its equivalent radiation model which …

Thrust Sensing For Small Uavs, Christopher Scott Marchman

Masters Theses

"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become prevalent in both military and civilian applications. UAVs have many size categories from large-scale aircraft to micro air vehicles. The performance, health, and efficiency for UAVs of smaller sizes can be difficult to assess and few associated instrumentation systems have been developed. Thrust measurements on the ground can characterize systems especially when combined with simultaneous motor power measurements. This thesis demonstrates the use of strain measurements to measure the thrust produced by motor/propeller combinations for such small UAVs. A full-bridge Wheatstone circuit and electrical resistance strain gauges were used in conjunction with constant-stress cantilever …

Study Jitter Amplification Of A Passive Channel And Investigation Of S₂₁ Magnitude Extraction Methodologies Using A Pattern Generator And Oscilloscope, Xinyun Guo

Masters Theses

"Recently the clock channel jitter amplification has been observed in several publications. Currently in many high-speed I/O systems, to avoid the cost and the complex clock recovery circuit design, people use traces forwarding clock signal from transmitting IC to receiving IC. When these clock traces are long enough, the amount of attenuation will induce not only inter-symbol-interference (ISI) but also modulate with the input jitter. Eventually it will lead some type of jitter been amplified after the channel. Similarly, the high speed communication channel (data channel) will also face this issue. Since there are no studies on the jitter amplification …

Intensity Control Of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Filaments, Matthew Crawford Paliwoda

Masters Theses

"When operated in a filamentary mode, a volume dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is known to produce patterned plasma structures. These structures are currently being explored for reconfigurable metamaterial applications. In this work the presence and intensity of a single filament, within an array of filaments, was controlled by adjusting the voltage to that filament's individual needle electrode. The current, voltage, and time-averaged normalized light intensity were measured while varying the voltage of the needle through a self-biasing resistance. For a 7.5 kV, 3.2 kHz DBD in air, the needle-controlled filament intensity varies from that of the surrounding filaments to zero …

Managing Risks Of Market Price Uncertainty For A Microgrid Operation, Sriram Raghavan

Masters Theses

"After deregulation of electricity in the United States, the day-ahead and real-time markets allow load serving entities and generation companies to bid and purchase/sell energy under the supervision of the independent system operator (ISO). The electricity market prices are inherently uncertain, and can be highly volatile. The main objective of this thesis is to hedge against the risk from the uncertainty of the market prices when purchasing/selling energy from/to the market. The energy manager can also schedule distributed generators (DGs) and storage of the microgrid to meet the demand, in addition to energy transactions from the market. The risk measure …

De-Embedding Method For Electrical Response Extraction Of Through-Silicon Via (Tsv) In Silicon Interposer Technology And Signal Integrity Performance Comparison With Embedded Multi-Die Interconnect Bridge (Emib) Technology, Qian Wang

Masters Theses

"Traditional two-dimensional system-in-package (2D SiP) can no longer support the scaling of size, power, bandwidth, and cost at the same rate required by Moore's Law. Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs), 2.5D silicon interposer technology in which through silicon vias are widely used, are implemented to meet these challenges. Embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB) technology are proposed as well.

In Section 1, a novel de-embedding method is proposed for TSV characterization by using a set of simple yet efficient test patterns. Full wave models and corresponding equivalent circuits are provided to explain the electrical performance of the test patterns clearly. Furthermore, broadband …

A Statistical Analysis Of A 4.5 Mw Solar Energy Center, Archit Patnaik

Masters Theses

"This project helps a regional utility evaluate the performance of their 4.5 MW photovoltaic plant. The performance evaluation consists of characterizing the peak and average power and energy output of the plant over varying time periods. A characterization of the output power drops, or dips, is done by performing a statistical analysis of the photovoltaic plant output data. Dips are characterized by dip frequency, depth of dip, energy loss by dip, and dip duration. The results of this study will help the utility to select appropriate voltage regulating equipment on the basis of dip characteristics, and thus, optimize the performance …

Voltage Control In A Distribution System Using Active Power Loads, Mounika Chava

Masters Theses

"High penetration of renewable energy resources such as rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is exacerbating violations of the voltage limits in power distribution networks. Existing solutions to these over-/under-voltage issues include tap-changing transformers and shunt capacitors. However, tap changers only allow voltage changes in discrete steps and shunt capacitors cannot handle over-voltage situations. To overcome these problems, this thesis proposes voltage control in a distribution system by adjusting active power loads. The proposed solution can be used for both under- and over-voltage cases at any levels of voltage adjustment. First, the active power that needs to be adjusted at selected …

Design Methodology For Behavioral Surface Roughness Modeling And High-Speed Test Board Design, Xinyao Guo

Masters Theses

"A behavioral model is introduced, which can predict low-loss and low surface roughness transmission line time- and frequency- domain performances. High data rates push for better performance of PCB transmission lines. However, the roughness of copper foil has a considerable impact on the signal integrity performance of transmission lines at high data rates and long propagation distance. Existing models for low-loss transmission line surface roughness are inadequate. A new behavioral model to represent the surface roughness has been developed. The model is applied in the design process by adding a dispersive term to the bulk dielectric permittivity to represent the …

Accurate Imepdance Measurement Of O Clip And Near Field Coupling Estimation Using Equivalent Dipole Moment Model, Qiaolei Huang

Masters Theses

"As cellphones and electronic devices moves towards higher date rates yet smaller form factor, designer face more electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) problems. In order to better guide the early design; designers want to know the exact electrical performance of small components, coupling estimation between components.

In Section 1, a de-embedding method is proposed to measure the impedance of an innovative O-shape spring contact, for frequency up to 30 GHz. The measurements are performed under the same condition when it's actually used in cellphones. De-embedding method will be applied to remove the fixture effects of the measurement …