Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

A New Approach For Computing The Bandwidth Statistics Of Avalanche Photodiodes, Majeed M. Hayat, Guoquan Dong

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A new approach for characterizing the avalanche-buildup-time-limited bandwidth of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is introduced which relies on the direct knowledge of the statistics of the random response time. The random response time is the actual duration of the APD’s finite buildup-limited random impulse response function. A theory is developed characterizing the probability distribution function (PDF) of the random response time. Recurrence equations are derived and numerically solved to yield the PDF of the random response time. The PDF is then used to compute the mean and the standard deviation of the bandwidth. The dependence of the mean and the standard …

On The Assessment Of Stability And Patterning Of Speech Movements, Anne Smith, Michael T. Johnson, Clare Mcgillem, Lisa Goffman

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Speech requires the control of complex movements of orofacial structures to produce dynamic variations in the vocal tract transfer function. The nature of the underlying motor control processes has traditionally been investigated by employing measures of articulatory movements, including movement amplitude, velocity, and duration, at selected points in time. An alternative approach, first used in the study of limb motion, is to examine the entire movement trajectory over time. A new approach to speech movement trajectory analysis was introduced in earlier work from this laboratory. In this method, trajectories from multiple movement sequences are time- and amplitude-normalized, and the STI …

Stochastic Stability Of The Continuous-Time Extended Kalman Filter, K. Reif, S. Gunther, Edwin E. Yaz, R. Unbehauen

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

he error behaviour of the extended Kalman filter is analysed. It is proved that the estimation error remains bounded if the system satisfies a detectability condition and both the initial estimation error and the disturbing noise terms are small enough. Moreover, some selected cases with both bounded and unbounded estimation error are demonstrated by numerical simulations.

Scene-Based Nonuniformity Correction With Video Sequences And Registration, Russell C. Hardie, Majeed M. Hayat, Earnest Armstrong, Brian Yasuda

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We describe a new, to our knowledge, scene-based nonuniformity correction algorithm for array detectors. The algorithm relies on the ability to register a sequence of observed frames in the presence of the fixed-pattern noise caused by pixel-to-pixel nonuniformity. In low-to-moderate levels of nonuniformity, sufficiently accurate registration may be possible with standard scene-based registration techniques. If the registration is accurate, and motion exists between the frames, then groups of independent detectors can be identified that observe the same irradiance (or true scene value). These detector outputs are averaged to generate estimates of the true scene values. With these scene estimates, and …

Theory Of Photon Coincidence Statistics In Photon-Correlated Beams, Majeed M. Hayat, Sergio N. Torres, Leno M. Pedrotti

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The statistics of photon coincidence counting in photon-correlated beams is thoroughly investigated considering the effect of the finite coincidence resolving time. The correlated beams are assumed to be generated using parametric downconversion, and the photon streams in the correlated beams are modeled by two partially correlated Poisson point processes. An exact expression for the mean rate of coincidence registration is developed using techniques from renewal theory. It is shown that the use of the traditional approximate rate, in certain situations, leads to the overestimation of the actual rate. The error between the exact and approximate coincidence rates increases as the …

An Analytical Approximation For The Excess Noise Factor Of Avalanche Photodiodes With Dead Space, Majeed M. Hayat, Zikuan Chen, Mohammad Rezaul Karim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Approximate analytical expressions are derived for the mean gain and the excess noise factor of avalanche photodiodes including the effect of dead space. The analysis is based on undertaking a characteristic-equation approach to obtain an approximate analytical solution to the existing system of recurrence equations which characterize the statistics of the random multiplication gain. The analytical expressions for the excess noise factor and the mean gain are shown to be in good agreement with the exact results obtained from numerical solutions of the recurrence equations for values of the dead space reaching up to 20% of the width of the …

Reduction Of Quantum Noise In Transmittance Estimation Using Photonecorrelated Beams, Majeed M. Hayat, Adel Joobeur, Bahaa E.A. Saleh

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The accuracy of optical measurements at low light levels is limited by the quantum noise of the source and by the random nature of the interaction with the measured object. The source noise may be reduced by use of nonclassical photon-number squeezed light. This paper considers the use of two photon-correlated beams (generated, for example, by spontaneous parametric downconversion) to measure the optical transmittance of an object. The photons of each beam obey a random Poisson process, but are synchronized in time. One beam is used to probe the object while the other is used as a reference providing information …

Immittance Spectroscopy Of Smart Components And Novel Devices, Mohammad Anwarul Alim, Sanjida Khanam, Martin A. Seitz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

AC small-signal immittance spectroscopy is employed as a viable tool to demonstrate electrical characterization, performance improvement, and quality assurance issues of smart materials-based components and novel devices. The variation in the ac response, complemented via dc measurements within a range of tolerating temperature, delineates competing phenomena occurring in the microstructures of these engineering material systems. The results are presented in a generic manner with possible explanations on the mechanisms for two selected Debye-like (nearly ideal) and non-Debye (non-ideal) low-capacitance resistors. This spectroscopic approach allows systematic development of a representative equivalent circuit, considered to be the characteristic of the devices and …

Analysis Of Algorithms For Velocity Estimation From Discrete Position Versus Time Data, Ronald H. Brown, Susan C. Schneider Phd, Michael G. Mulligan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Algorithms for constructing velocity approximations from discrete position versus time data are investigated. The study is limited to algorithms suitable to provide velocity information in discrete-time feedback control systems such as microprocessor-based systems with a discrete position encoder. Velocity estimators based on lines per period, reciprocal-time, Taylor series expansion, backward difference expansions, and least-square curve fits are presented. Based on computer simulations, comparisons of relative accuracies of the different algorithms are made. The least-squares velocity estimators filtered the effect of imperfect measurements best, whereas the Taylor series expansions and backward difference equation estimators respond better to velocity transients.

Instrumentation And Control For A Microprocessor-Based Coronary Perfusion System, Daniel L. Priester

Master's Theses (1922-2009) Access restricted to Marquette Campus

No abstract provided.

On The Uniqueness Of Solution Of Magnetostatic Vector‐Potential Problems By Three‐Dimensional Finite‐Element Methods, O. A. Mohammed, W. A. Davis, B. D. Popovic, T. W. Nehl, Nabeel Demerdash

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

In this paper, particular attention is paid to the impact of finite‐element approximation on uniqueness and to approximations implicit in finite element formulations from the uniqueness requirements standpoint. It is also shown that the flux density is unique without qualifications. The theoretical and numerical uniqueness of the magnetic vector potential in three‐dimensional problems is also given. This analysis is restricted to linear, isotropic media with Dirichlet Boundary conditions. As an interesting consequence of this analysis it is shown that, under usual conditions adopted in obtaining three‐dimensional finite‐element solutions, it is not necessary to specify div Ā in order that Ā …

Equations For The Ballistic Galvanometer, Robert H. O'Brien

Bachelors’ Theses

This thesis presents the development of the equations for the ballistic galvanometer. The subject was chosen because of its fascinating interest and because of the breadth of material included. The working out of the general equation required a comprehensive review of fundamentals in electricity and mechanics, swell as mathematics. The following features may be noted.

History Of The Thermionic Tube, Mary Liguoria Urbin

Bachelors’ Theses

My interest in the field of physics being that of electricity, I have been permitted to pursue this thesis in the field of thermionics.

The thermionic tube is one of vital importance not only in the field of radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony, but is of great value in the field of engineering and a vast asset in university and college laboratories. In fact, its advent has opened up a new era in many fields. H. J. Van Bijl terms is a "versatile talking bottle." In a paper of this nature only the important features can be stressed, and even here much …

A Study Of The Plating Prohibitive Properties Of Various Separators, Bruno J. Pozorski

Bachelors’ Theses

The problem of this thesis is to study the plating prohibitive properties of the various materials commonly used in the manufacturing of separators, and to indicate which material would be most serviceable and feasible in a separator. At one time positives and negatives were kept not more than 0.25 inches apart, with the idea of reducing the intervening layers of electrolyte, and, therefore, the internal resistance of the cell, as much as possible. It was, however, found that the output could actually be increased by putting the plates at greater distances, the fact being that the larger bulk of solution …

Electrodeposition Of Rubber Upon An Electrode By Means Of A Direct Current Of Electricity, L. F. Novotny

Bachelors’ Theses

The rubber industry may be said to be one of the most speedily developed industries in the world. This is due to a great extent to the fact that the first real interest in rubber as a material of commerce came in the advent of the automobile. It was in 1888 that an Irish horse doctor, John Boyd Dunlop, conceived the idea of tying a rubber tube around the wheels of his little son's velocipede. Within seven years of this event, a $25,000,000 corporation was manufacturing Dunlop tires.

Something may also be said here of the man who took the …

Economics Of Supplying Electric Service To Downtown Areas Under Various Methods Of Distribution, Pericles P. Stathas

Bachelors’ Theses

This thesis aims to present the problems involved in supplying electric service to downtown areas of high load density, with particular stress on the economies of rendering such a service. A considerable portion of the thesis is devoted to the new method of distribution, namely, the low-voltage A-C network.

The Design And Construction Of A Power Transformer, James M. Johann, George P. Nugent

Bachelors’ Theses

Usually one coil of the transformer has many more turns of wire than the other, when the coil of few turns is the primary, the transformer takes a large current at a low potential and delivers a smaller current at high potential. This is called a step up transformer. When the coil of many turns is the primary the transformer takes small current at high potential and delivers greater current at lower potential. This type is called a step down transformer.

A Thesis Presented To The President And The Faculty Of Marquette University For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Science In Civil Engineering And Bachelor Of Science In Electrical Engineering, Anthony B. Czachurski, Benjamin D. Ratke, Joseph G. Casey, William H. Stephan

Bachelors’ Theses

In the work covered by this thesis it is desired to examine an undeveloped water power for the purpose of producing electrical energy as a commercial comodity. Experience has taught that it is best to ascertain first where the product will find its market, and to follow up a satisfactory showing at that end by determining the power capacity of the source, the feasibility of harnessing the same, and the cost of accomplishing this. This program would be adopted in any commercial enterprise to insure a reliable conclusion, and will be followed as closely as possible in the work covered …

Commutation, John Th. Mueller, Edward J. Blackwell

Bachelors’ Theses

The E.M.F. induced in the armature conductors of practically all direct current generators is alternating, and in order to obtain a unidirectional E.M.F. at the terminals of the the machine, it is necessary to reverse the connection at the moment the induced E.M.F. changes its direction.

The Design And Construction Of A Current Transformer, Henry A. Schmitz Jr., Jas. W. Murphy

Bachelors’ Theses

The transformer is a piece of apparatus used to transform alternating current power, from high voltage and low current to low voltage and high current or vice versa. It consists of a magnetic circuit of laminated iron linking two separate and distinct coils of wire. Alternating current is supplied to one of these coils, called the primary, and this alternating current causes rapid reversals of magnetic flux through the magnetic circuit, these reversals of flux induce an alternating electromotive force in the other coil, called the secondary, which delivers alternating current to a receiving circuit. The laminated iron which forms …

A Study Of Induction Motors, Michael P. Valle

Bachelors’ Theses

The induction rotor is tho most popular type of alternating current motor, and finds a wide field of application, Its action is based on the principle of the revolving magnetic field produced by alternating current displaced in phase relative to each other. At least two currents of different phase are necessary in order to produce a revolving field.

A Test To Determine The Operating Efficiency Of A Steam Driven Electric Power Plant, Walter H. Rosemeyer, Edward Walter Kane

Bachelors’ Theses

In this test it was desired to determine the amount of water evaporated per pound of coal, and the pounds of steam consumed by main engine per kilowatt-hour output. Because of the existing conditions the test was run on only one boiler but on account of the similiarity of construction the results on the other boilers were assumed to be practically the same. The coal used was Hocking Valley Screenings, abituminous coal, which, from tests conducted by the engineer to determine the fuel best suited to the conditions of the plant, was found to give the most economical results. Since …

Electrolysis Mitigation Of The Underground Telephone Cable Plant Of The City Of Green Bay, Wisconsin, William J. O'Connor

Bachelors’ Theses

Prior to the fall of 1915, the Wisconsin public Service Company of Green Bay operated an electric street railway with an uninsulated negative rail return in the city of Green Bay, the track network with its relation to the underground cable sheaths of the Wisconsin Telephone Company as shown on the General Condition Map.

The Design Of An Isolated Storage Battery Plant, Ottomar Henry Henschel, Joseph Anthony Walter

Bachelors’ Theses

This thesis is respectfully submitted to the faculty of: the College of Applied Science and Engineering of Marquette University of Milwaukee Wisconsin by Ottomar Henry Henschel for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, and Joseph Anthony Walter for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering.

With the object of divorcing the electrical equipment from the lines or The Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Company, and thereby hoping to materially cut down the operating expenses of the University plant, this storage battery plant has been designed.