Computer Engineering Commons^™

Blockchain Security: Double-Spending Attack And Prevention, William Henry Scott Iii

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis shows that distributed consensus systems based on proof of work are vulnerable to hashrate-based double-spending attacks due to abuse of majority rule. Through building a private fork of Litecoin and executing a double-spending attack this thesis examines the mechanics and principles behind the attack. This thesis also conducts a survey of preventative measures used to deter double-spending attacks, concluding that a decentralized peer-to-peer network using proof of work is best protected by the addition of an observer system whether internal or external.

Blockchain Accelerators And An Application On Covid-19 Contact Tracing, Tao Lu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Blockchain technology has been an emerging technology in recent years. Its nature of decentralization and anonymity enables many applications to be built in a trustless environment but can still be validated and agreed upon by all the participants. Ever since the invention of blockchain technology, its concepts and forms are explored extensively, and it has shown the potential to be used in many industries. However, the low efficiency and the poor performance have prevented the technology to be adopted in practical largescale usage. In this dissertation, we present three major works around blockchain technology. The first one is BPU, an …

Blockchain-Enabled Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme For Mobile Vehicles-Assisted Precision Agricultural Iot Networks, Anusha Vangala, Ashok Kumar Das, Ankush Mitra, Sajal K. Das, Youngho Park

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Precision Farming Has a Positive Potential in the Agricultural Industry Regarding Water Conservation, Increased Productivity, Better Development of Rural Areas, and Increased Income. Blockchain Technology is a Better Alternative for Storing and Sharing Farm Data as It is Reliable, Transparent, Immutable, and Decentralized. Remote Monitoring of an Agricultural Field Requires Security Systems to Ensure that Any Sensitive Information is Exchanged Only among Authenticated Entities in the Network. to This End, We Design an Efficient Blockchain-Enabled Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Mobile Vehicles-Assisted Precision Agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) Networks Called AgroMobiBlock. the Limited Existing Work on Authentication in Agricultural Networks …

Spartandark: Anonymity Model Integration With A Blockchain Network Using Spartangold, Nishanth Uchil

Master's Projects

Demand for blockchain ecosystems has seen exponential growth in recent times due to its decentralized nature and trustless verification process for the transactions involved. However, transaction data needs to be leveraged for verification, which coupled with the transparent nature of the blockchain ledger, provides sufficient data for malicious entities to reveal identities and even financial history of users. Data masking techniques have been employed over the years to make blockchain transactions anonymous, making them resistant to identity analysis, a key set of methods being zero-knowledge proof (zk-proof) protocols that guarantee zero data leak. In this research, we develop SpartanDark, a …

Blockchain Games: What On And Off-Chain Factors Affect The Volatility, Returns, And Liquidity Of Gaming Crypto Tokens, Sumer Sareen

CMC Senior Theses

Blockchain games took the internet by storm as they offered a new way for users to play video games, own the assets in those games, and benefit monetarily from their efforts. Through Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and cryptocurrencies, new, Web3 games ushered in a unique asset class for retail and institutional investors to diversify into and benefit from. This paper uses cross-sectional data from 30 blockchain gaming companies to identify on and off-chain factors that affect the company’s token volatility, returns, and liquidity. A multiple linear regression found the percentage of tokens dedicated to a company’s private sale and rewarding users, …

An Optimized And Scalable Blockchain-Based Distributed Learning Platform For Consumer Iot, Zhaocheng Wang, Xueying Liu, Xinming Shao, Abdullah Alghamdi, Md. Shirajum Munir, Sujit Biswas

School of Cybersecurity Faculty Publications

Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT) manufacturers seek customer feedback to enhance their products and services, creating a smart ecosystem, like a smart home. Due to security and privacy concerns, blockchain-based federated learning (BCFL) ecosystems can let CIoT manufacturers update their machine learning (ML) models using end-user data. Federated learning (FL) uses privacy-preserving ML techniques to forecast customers' needs and consumption habits, and blockchain replaces the centralized aggregator to safeguard the ecosystem. However, blockchain technology (BCT) struggles with scalability and quick ledger expansion. In BCFL, local model generation and secure aggregation are other issues. This research introduces a novel architecture, emphasizing …

Towards The Development Of A Blockchain System For Philippine Government Processes For Enhanced Transparency And Verifiability, Karlo Angelo F. Cabugwang, Raphael Christen K. Enriquez, Bienvenido E. Villabroza, Christian E. Pulmano

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

There are cases of corruption and fraud within the Philippine government that have gone under the radar, often due to a lack of transparency and verifiability. The objective of this study is to prototype a blockchain network that can run a government process as a decentralized application such that it can enhance transparency and verifiability in the public sector. This can be accomplished by identifying a government process that would be converted into a decentralized application. One of these processes would be converted into a decentralized application. Afterwards, a blockchain framework should be identified one which can create a public …

Applications Of Blockchain In Business Processes: A Comprehensive Review, Wattana Viriyasitavat, Li Xu, Dusit Niyato, Zhuming Bi, Danupol Hoonsopon

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

Blockchain (BC), as an emerging technology, is revolutionizing Business Process Management (BPM) in multiple ways. The main adoption is to serve as a trusted infrastructure to guarantee the trust of collaborations among multiple partners in trustless environments. Especially, BC enables trust of information by using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). With the power of smart contracts, BC enforces the obligations of counterparties that transact in a business process (BP) by programming the contracts as transactions. This paper aims to study the state-of-the-art of BC technologies by (1) exploring its applications in BPM with the focus on how BC provides the trust …

Geohash-Based Rapid Query Method Of Regional Transactions In Blockchain For Internet Of Vehicles, Chang Zhou, Huimei Lu, Yong Xiang, Jingbang Wu, Feng Wang

Faculty and Student Publications

Many researchers have introduced blockchain into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to support trading or other authentication applications between vehicles. However, the traditional blockchain cannot well support the query of transactions that occur in a specified area which is important for vehicle users since they are bound to the geolocations. Therefore, the querying efficiency of the geolocation attribute of transactions is vital for blockchain-based applications. Existing work does not well handle the geolocation of vehicles in the blockchain, and thus the querying efficiency is questionable. In this paper, we design a rapid query method of regional transactions in blockchain for …

Blockchain And Federated Learning-Based Security Solutions For Telesurgery System: A Comprehensive Review, Sachi Chaudjary, Riya Kakkar, Rajesh Gupta, Sudeep Tanwar, Smita Agrawal, Ravi Sharma

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The advent of telemedicine with its remote surgical procedures has effectively transformed the working of healthcare professionals. The evolution of telemedicine facilitates the remote monitoring of patients that lead to the advent of telesurgery systems, i.e. one of the most critical applications in telemedicine systems. Apart from gaining popularity, the telesurgery system may encounter security and trust issues of patients? data while communicating with the surgeon for their remote treatment. Motivated by this, we have presented a comprehensive survey on secure telesurgery systems comprising healthcare, surgical robots, traditional telesurgery systems, and the role of artificial intelligence to deal with the …

Two-Layered Blockchain-Based Admission Control For Secure Uav Networks, Müge Özçevi̇k

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The frequent replacement requirement of UAVs for recharging outputs an extreme number of messaging for admission control of end-users. There are many studies that try to optimize the network capacity in an energy-efficient manner. However, they do not consider the security of data and control channels, which is the urgent requirement of 5G. Blockchain handles secure systems. However, the high numbered transactions in blockchain may cause bottlenecks while considering computational delay and throughput of end-user. In UAVs, a high percentage of battery is consumed for computational tasks instead of communication tasks. Therefore, to handle security by considering the computational needs, …

Presenting A Method To Detect Intrusion In Iot Through Private Blockchain, Rezvan Mahmoudie, Saeed Parsa, Amir Masoud Rahmani

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Blockchain (BC) has been used as a new solution to overcome security and privacy challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, recent studies have indicated that the BC has a limited scalability and is computationally costly. Also, it has significant overhead and delay in the network, which is not suitable to the nature of IoT. This article aims at implementing BC in the IoT context for smart home management, as the integration of these two technologies ensures the IoT's security and privacy. Therefore, we proposed an overlay network in private BC to optimize its compatibility with IoT by increasing …

Towards Public Vaccination Data Resilience During Natural Disaster Using Blockchain-Based Decentralized Application, Riri Fitri Sari, Mokhammad Rizqi Herdiawan, Muhammad Hamzah, Muhammad Aljundi, Jauzak Hussaini Windiatmaja

Smart City

This paper presents a platform development plan for a public vaccination decentralized data base based on Blockchain technology. Vaccination is a medical practice that allows a human body to produce a specific antibody as a means of developing a preventive measure and reducing the risk of contracting a particular disease. Systematic vaccination data recording is an utmost important system that is required particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. The recording mechanism should utilize the state-of-the-art information and communication technology (ICT). For faster vaccination data recording, it is common to use digital technology, making the health care process faster thus decreasing time …

Verification Of Transaction Ordering Dependence Vulnerability Of Smart Contract Based On Cpn, Hong Zheng, Zerun Liu, Jianhua Huang, Shihui Qian

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The formal verification of smart contracts researches mainly focus on programming language-level vulnerabilities, and the transaction ordering dependence is more difficult to be detected as a blockchain-level vulnerability.The latent transaction ordering dependence vulnerability in smart contracts is formally verified based on colored Petri nets.The latent vulnerability in the Decode reward contractis analyzed, anda colored Petri net model of the contract itself and its execution environment is established from top to bottom.The attacker model is introduced to consider the situation that the contract is attacked. By running the model to verify the existence of transaction ordering dependence vulnerability in …

Blockchain Storage – Drive Configurations And Performance Analysis, Jesse Garner, Aditya A. Syal, Ronald C. Jones

Other Student Works

This project will analyze the results of trials implementing various storage methods on Geth nodes to synchronize and maintain a full-archive state of the Ethereum blockchain. The purpose of these trials is to gain deeper insight to the process of lowering cost and increasing efficiency of blockchain storage using available technologies, analyzing results of various storage drives under similar conditions. It provides performance analysis and describes performance of each trial in relation to the others.

How Blockchain Solutions Enable Better Decision Making Through Blockchain Analytics, Sammy Ter Haar

Information Systems Undergraduate Honors Theses

Since the founding of computers, data scientists have been able to engineer devices that increase individuals’ opportunities to communicate with each other. In the 1990s, the internet took over with many people not understanding its utility. Flash forward 30 years, and we cannot live without our connection to the internet. The internet of information is what we called early adopters with individuals posting blogs for others to read, this was known as Web 1.0. As we progress, platforms became social allowing individuals in different areas to communicate and engage with each other, this was known as Web 2.0. As Dr. …

Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-Based Registration Scheme For Av Parking System, Alexander Haastrup

Honors Theses

Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are a prime example of how innovation and automation are at the forefront of growing technology trends. The concern of parking systems is becoming apparent as research into ways to increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of AV continues. To ward against various internet attackers and secure users' sensitive information, an efficient AV parking system must have powerful user privacy and cyber security capabilities. In my work, I present a blockchain-based privacy registration system for AV parking systems that meets the following criteria. The proposed scheme incorporates k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) - an efficient and lightweight algorithm - for …

Bcse: Blockchain-Based Trusted Service Evaluation Model Over Big Data, Fengyin Li, Xinying Yu, Rui Ge, Yanli Wang, Yang Cui, Huiyu Zhou

Big Data Mining and Analytics

The blockchain, with its key characteristics of decentralization, persistence, anonymity, and auditability, has become a solution to overcome the overdependence and lack of trust for a traditional public key infrastructure on third-party institutions. Because of these characteristics, the blockchain is suitable for solving certain open problems in the service-oriented social network, where the unreliability of submitted reviews of service vendors can cause serious security problems. To solve the unreliability problems of submitted reviews, this paper first proposes a blockchain-based identity authentication scheme and a new trusted service evaluation model by introducing the scheme into a service evaluation model. The new …

Block Size Optimization For Pow Consensus Algorithm Based Blockchainapplications By Using Whale Optimization Algorithm, Betül Aygün, Hi̇lal Arslan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Blockchain-based applications come up with cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin, introducing a distributed ledger technologies for peer-to-peer networks and essentially records the transactions in blocks containing hash value of the previous blocks. Block generation constitutes the basis of this technology, and the optimization of such systems is among the most crucial concerns. Determining either the block size or the number of transactions in the block brings out a remarkable problem that has been solved by the miners in recent years. First, higher block size results in higher transaction time, on the other hand, smaller block size has many disadvantages such as security, …

Performance Analysis Of Lightweight Internet Of Things Devices On Blockchainnetworks, Cem Kösemen, Gökhan Dalkiliç, Şafak Öksüzer

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Potential integration or cooperation of the Internet of things (IoT) systems and the blockchain technology is nowadays attracting remarkable interest from the researchers. These inter-operating systems often have to rely on lowcost, low-power, and robust IoT devices that can communicate with the blockchain network through smart contracts. In this work, we designed and ran a benchmark study for ESP32-based lightweight IoT devices interacting within the Quorum blockchain. A software library was built for ESP32 devices to enable elliptic-curve digital signing, Keccak-256 hashing, decoding, encoding, and secure private key generation capabilities, which all are the basic functional requirements for running a …

Privacy In Blockchain Systems, Murat Osmanoğlu, Ali̇ Aydin Selçuk

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Privacy of blockchains has been a matter of discussion since the inception of Bitcoin. Various techniques with a varying degree of privacy protection and complexity have been proposed over the past decade. In this survey, we present a systematic analysis of these proposals in four categories: (i) identity, (ii) transaction, (iii) consensus, and (iv) smart contract privacy. Each of these categories have privacy requirements of its own, and various solutions have been proposed to meet these requirements. Almost every technique in the literature of privacy enhancing technologies have been applied to blockchains: mix networks, zero-knowledge proofs, blind signatures, ring signatures, …

Tri-Op Redactable Blockchains With Block Modification, Removal, And Insertion, Mohammad Sadeq Dousti, Alpteki̇n Küpçü

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In distributed computations and cryptography, it is desirable to record events on a public ledger, such that later alterations are computationally infeasible. An implementation of this idea is called blockchain, which is a distributed protocol that allows the creation of an immutable ledger. While such an idea is very appealing, the ledger may be contaminated with incorrect, illegal, or even dangerous data, and everyone running the blockchain protocol has no option but to store and propagate the unwanted data. The ledger is bloated over time, and it is not possible to remove redundant information. Finally, missing data cannot be inserted …

Forming A Decentralized Research Network: Ds4h, Eni̇s Karaarslan, Meli̇h Bi̇ri̇m, Hüseyi̇n Emre Ari

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

There is a trend toward decentralized systems, but these systems are developed without conducting enough software tests. Also, the performance, scalability, and sustainability of the decentralized systems are not taken into account. One of the reasons is the time-consuming testing process. The other is the hardware requirements and the complexity of the software installations of the testing environment. Developer communities need stable and secure research networks to test and develop prototypes before releasing the working versions. Cloud-based blockchain test networks are available, but it allows using a specific framework. Also, users are required to learn how to use each framework. …

Data Immutability And Event Management Via Blockchain In The Internet Of Things, Hakan Altaş, Gökhan Dalkiliç, Umut Can Çabuk

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The Internet of things (IoT) is the key enabler of the smart systems used in many areas, from agriculture to aviation, industrial automation to autonomous vehicles. Most IoT deployments employ cost-efficient lightweight devices with limited resources (e.g., bandwidth, energy, storage). Although an IoT network must be built in its simplest form, engineers include more sophisticated devices like gateways and servers to provide web-based services and benefit from cloud systems. So, although the nodes can be widely distributed geographically or topologically, the system becomes centralized, which causes bottlenecks and single-points-of-failure. Furthermore, providing data integrity, nonrepudiation, and event management becomes tricky. In …

A Systematic Review Of How Cloud Infrastructure And Gdpr Have Affected Digital Investigations In A Multinational Business Context, Stuart Fraser, A.Omar Portillo-Dominguez

Other

With cloud infrastructure becoming an ever more popular platform for business network implementations, and with ever-tightening data protection regulation, the ability to carry out digital investigations has become more difficult. This has led to areas of research that have looked to restore the balance to digital investigations in this environment. These areas include the use of blockchain, data tracing, and digital forensics as a service. With so many methods to consider, this article looks at how each method aims to return the balance and make it possible to carry out an investigation that complies with new privacy regulations (e.g., the …

Performance Evaluation Of An Edge Computing Implementation Of Hyperledger Sawtooth For Iot Data Security, Sean Connolly

Dissertations

Blockchain offers a potential solution to some of the security challenges faced by the internet-of-things (IoT) by using its practically immutable ledger to store data transactions. However, past applications of blockchain in IoT encountered limitations in the rate at which transactions were committed to the chain as new blocks. These limitations were often the result of the time-consuming and computationally expensive consensus mechanisms found in public blockchains. Hyperledger Sawtooth is an open-source private blockchain platform that offers an efficient proof-of-elapsed-time (PoET) consensus mechanism. Sawtooth has performed well in benchmarks against other blockchains. However, a performance evaluation for a practical application …

Incentive Analysis Of Blockchain Technology, Rahul Reddy Annareddy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Blockchain technology was invented in the Bitcoin whitepaper released in 2008. Since then, several decentralized cryptocurrencies and applications have become mainstream. There has been an immense amount of engineering effort put into developing blockchain networks. Relatively few projects backed by blockchain technology have succeeded and maintained a large community of developers, users, and customers, while many popular projects with billions of dollars in funding and market capitalizations have turned out to be complete scams.

This thesis discusses the technological innovations introduced in the Bitcoin whitepaper and the following work of the last fifteen years that has enabled blockchain technology. A …

A Systematic Review On Blockchain In Education: Opportunities And Challenges, Navin Duwadi, Navin Duwadi

School of Information Systems and Technology Publications

This study focuses on bloackchain as an emerging technology regarding its use to restructure the systems and advance education upon quality outcomes. What are the benefits of integrating blockchain in education concerning system reformation and advancement in developing better educational process for all encompassing learning outcomes? With the recent developments of blockchain applications across multiple domains, the education industry seems to be benefited from this technology in considerable degree. Transcripts and certificates play a vital role in individual’s life so it needs to be stored in tamper-proof and long term available ledger. In pursuant to addressing afore stated question, this …

A Systematic Review On Blockchain In Education: Opportunities And Challenges, Navin Duwadi

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

This study focuses on bloackchain as an emerging technology regarding its use to restructure the systems and advance education upon quality outcomes. What are the benefits of integrating blockchain in education concerning system reformation and advancement in developing better educational process for all encompassing learning outcomes? With the recent developments of blockchain applications across multiple domains, the education industry seems to be benefited from this technology in considerable degree. Transcripts and certificates play a vital role in individual’s life so it needs to be stored in tamper-proof and long term available ledger. In pursuant to addressing afore stated question, this …

Machine Learning For Unmanned Aerial System (Uas) Networking, Jian Wang

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Fueled by the advancement of 5G new radio (5G NR), rapid development has occurred in many fields. Compared with the conventional approaches, beamforming and network slicing enable 5G NR to have ten times decrease in latency, connection density, and experienced throughput than 4G long term evolution (4G LTE). These advantages pave the way for the evolution of Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) on a large scale. The reduction of consumption, the advancement of control engineering, and the simplification of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) enable the UAS networking deployment on a large scale to become feasible. The UAS networking can finish multiple complex …