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2020

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Articles 31 - 60 of 2675

Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering

Amorphous Sio2/Si Interface Defects And Mechanism Of Passivation/Depassivation Reaction, Zhuocheng Hong, Zuo Xu Dec 2020

Amorphous Sio2/Si Interface Defects And Mechanism Of Passivation/Depassivation Reaction, Zhuocheng Hong, Zuo Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The amorphous silicon dioxide/silicon (a-SiO2/Si) interface is an important part of semiconductor devices.The passivation and depassivation process of silicon dangling bond defects (Pb-type defects) at the SiO2/Si interface has a significant impact on semiconductor devices.Based on molecular dynamics and first-principles calculation methods,a-SiO2/Si(111) interface model is constructed based on a-SiO2 and crystalline Si.The CI-NEB (Climbing Image-Nudged Elastic Band) method is used to study the passivation and depassivation reactions of H2 and H atoms of Pb defects at the a-SiO2/Si(111) interface. The curves,barriers,and transition state structures of …

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Fault Diagnosis For Bearings Of Unbalanced Data Based On Feature Generation, Minglu Fan, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji Dec 2020

Fault Diagnosis For Bearings Of Unbalanced Data Based On Feature Generation, Minglu Fan, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Focus on the sample imbalance and insufficiency caused by the difficulty to obtain a sufficient number of fault samples in actual production.A model for rolling bearings by combining Convolutional Neural Networks and Synthetic Oversampling is presented.The frequency domain signals is used as the input of the model,and the features are extracted by the Convolutional Neural Network.The new features are generated by Synthetic Oversampling and the data equalization is realized.The model completes the classification by putting all of the features into the Support Vector Machine,and the fault diagnosis of the rolling bearings is carried out.The comparison experiments results …

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A Survey On Underwater Bionic Electric Perception, Guangming Xie, Junzheng Zheng, Wang Chen Dec 2020

A Survey On Underwater Bionic Electric Perception, Guangming Xie, Junzheng Zheng, Wang Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Sensing and detection technologies for underwater robots in complex underwater environments have been urgently needed.Weakly electric fields-based underwater bionic electric perception is a promising technical route.A kind of fish in nature,called weakly electric fish,can perceive their surrounding environment and other creatures through the varied electric field generated by themselves.Inspired by the electric fish,researchers have focused on the principle and methods of underwater perception based on weakly electric fields and the applications for intelligent underwater robots.The biological mechanism of weakly electric fish,the modeling and perception theory of underwater electric field,the underwater electric perception technology,and their applications are reviewed,and the …

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Research On Dissemination And Control Of Public Opinion Based On Multilayer Coupled Network, Chen Shuai Dec 2020

Research On Dissemination And Control Of Public Opinion Based On Multilayer Coupled Network, Chen Shuai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to study the influence of information interaction between multi-platforms on the dissemination and control of public opinion,taking Wechat and Weibo for example,a public opinion communication and control model based on multi-layer coupled network including Wechat layer,Weibo layer and control layer is constructed using multi-agent modeling method and improved SEIR model.On Anylogic platform,a simulation experiment was conducted on the event that “the use of materials by the Hubei Red Cross Society raises doubts”,and the effects factors such as single/dual platform,control range,control dynamics,control time and interaction between platforms were analyzed.The media guidance and government intervention strategies under multi-platform …

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Parallel Finite Element Simulations On Radiation Damage Effects Of Lateral Pnp Bjts, Wang Qin, Zhaocan Ma, Hongliang Li, Linbo Zhang, Benzhuo Lu Dec 2020

Parallel Finite Element Simulations On Radiation Damage Effects Of Lateral Pnp Bjts, Wang Qin, Zhaocan Ma, Hongliang Li, Linbo Zhang, Benzhuo Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The Zlamal finite element discretization is applied in the drift-diffusion model for the simulations of semiconductor devices.Combined with the coupled ionization damage model,the ionization damage effects of lateral PNP (LPNP) bipolar junction transistors (BJT) are simulated.The model and algorithm are implemented based on the three-dimensional parallel adaptive finite element toolbox PHG (Parallel Hierarchical Grid).The phenomena of excess base current and current gain degradation in LPNP BJTs are successfully simulated via numerical calculation. A large-scale numerical experiment with 100 million elements and 1 024 MPI processes is carried out,demonstrating the good parallel scalability of the algorithm.

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Non-Cooperative Target Feature Point Cloud Registration Optimization Based On Icp Algorithm, Wei Liang, Muyao Xue, Huo Ju, Jinjie Zhang Dec 2020

Non-Cooperative Target Feature Point Cloud Registration Optimization Based On Icp Algorithm, Wei Liang, Muyao Xue, Huo Ju, Jinjie Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the pose measurement caused by non-cooperative targets in visual measurement that cannot provide cooperation information,the ICP(Iterative Closest Point) algorithm is used to register the point cloud down-sampling data acquired at different times to complete the relative pose measurement of the target.The point cloud data of the target at the current moment is obtained using the structure from motion algorithm and the feature point matching algorithms are compared based on threshold matching and optical flow matching method.The extracted feature points are reconstructed by triangulation.The relative pose changes of the object at different times are calculated by using …

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Human-Computer Interaction Speech Emotion Recognition Based On Random Forest And Convolution Feature Learning, Wang Jing, Hongyan Liu, Fangfang Liu, Qingqing Wang Dec 2020

Human-Computer Interaction Speech Emotion Recognition Based On Random Forest And Convolution Feature Learning, Wang Jing, Hongyan Liu, Fangfang Liu, Qingqing Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Focus on the different speech features of different types of people in the automatic speech emotion recognition of emotional robots,a random forest for speech emotion recognition is proposed,and a preliminary simulation experiment of emotional social robot system based on convolution feature learning is carried out.The results show that the emotional robot can track in real time,the seven basic emotions of excitement,anger,sadness,happiness,surprise,fear and neutrality.By using non personalized speech emotion features,the original personalized speech emotion features are supplemented,and the general emotion and special emotion are extracted.For emotional robot,using these indicators has a certain application prospect in the simulation experiment …

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Research On Fuzzy Control And Optimization For Traffic Lights At Single Intersection, Jiajia Liu, Xingquan Zuo Dec 2020

Research On Fuzzy Control And Optimization For Traffic Lights At Single Intersection, Jiajia Liu, Xingquan Zuo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the traffic signal control at urban single intersection,a fuzzy control method for traffic lights is presented.The method is based on a four-phase phasing sequence to control the traffic lights at a single intersection.Inputs of the fuzzy controller are the number of vehicles in line and the arrival rate of vehicles,and the output is the green light extension time of the current green light phase.A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize fuzzy rules and membership functions of the fuzzy control system to improve the performance of the fuzzy controller.The fuzzy control method is realized by using …

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One Turbulent Modeling Method Based On Environmental Forecast Data, Dawei Fan, Jiahui Tong Dec 2020

One Turbulent Modeling Method Based On Environmental Forecast Data, Dawei Fan, Jiahui Tong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the existing natural environment model of aircraft simulation test,the method of conversion and processing for environmental prediction data is studied.Based on the random wave theory,the mathematical model of turbulent wind is established,and the simulation modeling method is studied.Based on Davenport spectrum,a turbulent wind model based on environmental prediction data is established and is introduced into the mathematical simulation experiment of a type of aircraft to obtain the influence of wind turbulent on the flight state of the aircraft.The experimental results show that the gust turbulence has a greater impact on the aircraft's angle of …

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Collaborative Optimization Of Production And Energy Consumption In Flexible Workshop, Ding Yu, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji Dec 2020

Collaborative Optimization Of Production And Energy Consumption In Flexible Workshop, Ding Yu, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering the problem of the multi-objective constrained flexible job-shop,the NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm based on hybrid mutation operator is proposed.In view of NSGA-II algorithm being prone to premature convergence,poisson average and gaussian operators are introduced to improve the global and local optimization ability of the algorithm.The optimal scheme is selected from the set of pareto solutions by adopting the strategy of FAHP-IEVM,which is the combination of subjective and objective evaluation method. The modified algorithm is tested and compared by a series of ZDT test functions.The results show that the convergence and diversity of the revised algorithm are improved obviously.The effectiveness of …

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Stereo Camera Calibration Based On Multiple Fitness Full-Parameter Autonomous Mutation Particle Swarm, Guiyang Zhang, Muyao Xue, Zijian Zhu, Huo Ju Dec 2020

Stereo Camera Calibration Based On Multiple Fitness Full-Parameter Autonomous Mutation Particle Swarm, Guiyang Zhang, Muyao Xue, Zijian Zhu, Huo Ju

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The acquisition of target parameters based on visual measurement provides reliable data support for performance analysis and evaluation of simulation system.The precision of measurement results is determined by the accuracy of camera calibration.A calibration method based on full parameter autonomous mutation particle swarm optimization is proposed.Traditional calibration method is utilized to obtain the initial internal parameters.The fast and global calibration algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is achieved by inertial coefficient contraction adjustment,global factor learning adjustment strategy based on particle distance,multi-adaptation function and the independent variation law.The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the …

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A Simulation Credibility Assessment Method Based On Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation, Peizhi Ran, Li Wei, Bao Ran, Ma Ping Dec 2020

A Simulation Credibility Assessment Method Based On Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation, Peizhi Ran, Li Wei, Bao Ran, Ma Ping

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of inaccurate evaluation results caused by experts in the process of simulation credibility evaluation based on traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation according to personal preferences or expectations,and unreasonable selection of fuzzy synthetic calculations,a simulation credibility evaluation method based on improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed.For the tree-like assessment index system,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix is used to determine the weight of each index in the assessment index system based on the minimum membership weighted average deviation;in the fuzzy synthesis operation,the membership evaluation weighted average deviation is used to obtain the comprehensive evaluation vector,and then the …

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Reliability Evaluation Method For Reuse Model Of Complex Simulation System, Ziheng Ye, Fuzhen Zhang, Yaoqin Zhu, Weiqing Li Dec 2020

Reliability Evaluation Method For Reuse Model Of Complex Simulation System, Ziheng Ye, Fuzhen Zhang, Yaoqin Zhu, Weiqing Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Model reuse can enhance the flexibility and scalability of simulation applications,and is necessary in the construction of complex simulation systems.Assessing credibility in multi-model combination simulation is the basic question of whether the model can be effectively reused.Aiming at the two simulation model reuse,in different application environments of physical model-oriented and numerical settlement-oriented,the credibility evaluation method for simulation reuse models based on bias propagation is proposed,and the respective modeling methods and evaluation methods are introduced in detail. Taking UAV as an example,the comparison result with the classic credibility evaluation method shows that the method can reduce the difficulty of …

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Establishment And Development Of Simulation-Based Aero Engine Acquisition On, Caiyun Liang, Hongxin Li, Yanfeng Sui, Luan Xu, Shi Feng Dec 2020

Establishment And Development Of Simulation-Based Aero Engine Acquisition On, Caiyun Liang, Hongxin Li, Yanfeng Sui, Luan Xu, Shi Feng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Follow the increasing demand of aircraft for aero engine‘s capabilities and because of the increase of engine‘s own technical difficulty,the risks,cycles and costs of the engine development is rising,and the high demand of traditional acquisition model is urgently needed.The idea of digitalized aero engine acquisition is presented,which starts from joint analysis,applies multi-dimensional scaling technology,carries out integrated simulation based on the models of each dimension of virtual prototype,and realizes the evaluation of technical scheme.The mapping relationship among technical solutions,schedules and costs etc.are established,and a basic framework for simulation based acquisition of engines is constructed by using the work …

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Automatic Discovery Method Of Dynamic Job Shop Dispatching Rules Based On Hyper-Heuristic Genetic Programming, Suyu Zhang, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji Dec 2020

Automatic Discovery Method Of Dynamic Job Shop Dispatching Rules Based On Hyper-Heuristic Genetic Programming, Suyu Zhang, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The dynamic job shop has the uncertainty of resource state and the randomness of tasks,so it is difficult to find the common dispatching rules applicable to a variety of complex production scenarios.A method for automatic discovery of dynamic shop dispatching rules based on Hyper-Heuristic genetic programming is proposed,with makespan and average weighted tardiness as the optimization goals,is improved by using the automatic discovery of machine sequencing rules and the dynamic adaptability of workshop scheduling under different production scenarios.Through the semantic analysis of dispatching rules,the function of terminators on different optimization objectives is analyzed.The experiment result shows that …

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An Efficient Deep-Learning-Based Detection And Classification System For Cyber-Attacks In Iot Communication Networks, Qasem Abu Al-Haija, Saleh Zein-Sabatto Dec 2020

An Efficient Deep-Learning-Based Detection And Classification System For Cyber-Attacks In Iot Communication Networks, Qasem Abu Al-Haija, Saleh Zein-Sabatto

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research

With the rapid expansion of intelligent resource-constrained devices and high-speed communication technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has earned wide recognition as the primary standard for low-power lossy networks (LLNs). Nevertheless, IoT infrastructures are vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to the constraints in computation, storage, and communication capacity of the endpoint devices. From one side, the majority of newly developed cyber-attacks are formed by slightly mutating formerly established cyber-attacks to produce a new attack that tends to be treated as normal traffic through the IoT network. From the other side, the influence of coupling the deep learning techniques with the cybersecurity …

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Optimal Order Assignment With Minimum Wage Consideration (Ooamwc), Hakem Alazmi Dec 2020

Optimal Order Assignment With Minimum Wage Consideration (Ooamwc), Hakem Alazmi

Master of Science in Computer Science Theses

While the application of crowdsourcing has increased over the years, the technology experiences various issues during implementation. Examples of some of the issues that affect crowdsourcing include task assignment, profit maximizations, as well as time window issues. In some instances addressing some of the issues results in the other issues being overlooked. An example is when assigning tasks to workers, the profits of the workers might not be considered and this ends up affecting the profit maximization aspect. Various algorithms have been proposed to address the task assignment, profit maximizations, and time window issues. However, these algorithms address the issues …

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Intelligent Networks For High Performance Computing, William Whitney Schonbein Dec 2020

Intelligent Networks For High Performance Computing, William Whitney Schonbein

Computer Science ETDs

There exists a resurgence of interest in `smart' network interfaces that can operate on data as it flows through a network. However, while smart capabilities have been expanding, what they can do for high-performance computing (HPC) is not well-understood. In this work, we advance our understanding of the capabilities and contributions of smart network interfaces to HPC. First, we show current offloaded message demultiplexing can mitigate (but not eliminate) overheads incurred by multithreaded communication. Second, we demonstrate current offloaded capabilities can be leveraged to provide Turing complete program execution on the interface. We elaborate with a framework for offloading arbitrary …

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Using Eye-Gaze To Evaluate Neural Attention, Shahansha Salim Dec 2020

Using Eye-Gaze To Evaluate Neural Attention, Shahansha Salim

Master’s Dissertations

The ability to selectively concentrate on areas of interest while ignoring the rest is termed as attention in human beings. This ability has played a key role in survival as well as information processing. Neural Attention is said to be an effort to bring similar action of selectively concentrating areas of relevance in deep neural networks. This simple yet powerful concept has attracted a lot of research in recent years, yielding breakthrough results in Natural Language Processing (NLP) problems and main stream Computer Vision problems such as Image Caption Generation, Neural Machine Translation (NMT), Visual Question Answering (VQA), Action Recognition, …

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How Live Streaming And Twitch Have Changed The Gaming Industry, Krystal Ruiz Dec 2020

How Live Streaming And Twitch Have Changed The Gaming Industry, Krystal Ruiz

ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies

Live streaming in itself has become a booming industry in which its content consists of “streamers” who live broadcast numerous events and real-time interactions while simultaneously chatting with viewers drawing huge and increasing numbers (Adamovich). Twitch has especially excelled at garnering attention as one of the most popular live streaming platforms that focuses on broadcasting and viewing video game content (Adamovich). Twitch has grown rapidly within the last few years asserting its dominance as one of the major forces in the games industry and becoming a multi-billion-dollar industry (Adamovich). For example, according to Descrier, in 2016 there were approximately 292 …

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Reinforcement Learning Approach For Inspect/Correct Tasks, Hoda Nasereddin Dec 2020

Reinforcement Learning Approach For Inspect/Correct Tasks, Hoda Nasereddin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this research, we focus on the application of reinforcement learning (RL) in automated agent tasks involving considerable target variability (i.e., characterized by stochastic distributions); in particular, learning of inspect/correct tasks. Examples include automated identification & correction of rivet failures in airplane maintenance procedures, and automated cleaning of surgical instruments in a hospital sterilization processing department. The location of defects and the corrective action to be taken for each varies from task episode. What needs to be learned are optimal stochastic strategies rather than optimization of any one single defect type and location. RL has been widely applied in robotics …

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News Dec 2020

News

In The Loop

News briefs: Hollywood Reporter Honor; Studio CDM Documents Remote Initiatives; Animation Jam Goes Virtual; "Tom of Your Life" Film Release; D.E.F. Showcase 2020; Trackmania Soundtrack; Alumnus Commemorates St. Vincent de Paul; Alumni Games at PixelPop; Cybersecurity Champion

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Fair Treatment Dec 2020

Fair Treatment

In The Loop

Initiatives in DePaul's College of Computing and Digital Media are addressing racial inequity in health care. One initiative is looking at Black maternal health. Another is trying to build models and requirements of what should be automated to consider racial inequity first.

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Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Demosaicing Strategy For Division Of Focal Plane Polarimeters, Garrett Sargent, Bradley M. Ratliff, Vijayan K. Asari Dec 2020

Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Demosaicing Strategy For Division Of Focal Plane Polarimeters, Garrett Sargent, Bradley M. Ratliff, Vijayan K. Asari

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Division of focal plane (DoFP), or integrated microgrid polarimeters, typically consist of a 2 × 2 mosaic of linear polarization filters overlaid upon a focal plane array sensor and obtain temporally synchronized polarized intensity measurements across a scene, similar in concept to a Bayer color filter array camera. However, the resulting estimated polarimetric images suffer a loss in resolution and can be plagued by aliasing due to the spatially-modulated microgrid measurement strategy. Demosaicing strategies have been proposed that attempt to minimize these effects, but result in some level of residual artifacts. In this work we propose a conditional generative adversarial …

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Fault Diagnosability Of Regular Graphs, Mei-Mei Gu, Rong-Xia Hao, Eddie Cheng Dec 2020

Fault Diagnosability Of Regular Graphs, Mei-Mei Gu, Rong-Xia Hao, Eddie Cheng

Theory & Applications of Graphs

An interconnection network's diagnosability is an important measure of its self-diagnostic capability. In 2012, Peng et al. proposed a measure for fault diagnosis of the network, namely, the h-good-neighbor conditional diagnosability, which requires that every fault-free node has at least h fault-free neighbors. There are two well-known diagnostic models, PMC model and MM* model. The h-good-neighbor diagnosability under the PMC (resp. MM*) model of a graph G, denoted by thPMC(G) (resp. thMM*(G)), is the maximum value of t such that G is h-good-neighbor t-diagnosable under the PMC (resp. MM*) …

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Survey On Deep Neural Networks In Speech And Vision Systems, M. Alam, Manar D. Samad, Lasitha Vidyaratne, ‪Alexander Glandon, Khan M. Iftekharuddin Dec 2020

Survey On Deep Neural Networks In Speech And Vision Systems, M. Alam, Manar D. Samad, Lasitha Vidyaratne, ‪Alexander Glandon, Khan M. Iftekharuddin

Computer Science Faculty Research

This survey presents a review of state-of-the-art deep neural network architectures, algorithms, and systems in speech and vision applications. Recent advances in deep artificial neural network algorithms and architectures have spurred rapid innovation and development of intelligent speech and vision systems. With availability of vast amounts of sensor data and cloud computing for processing and training of deep neural networks, and with increased sophistication in mobile and embedded technology, the next-generation intelligent systems are poised to revolutionize personal and commercial computing. This survey begins by providing background and evolution of some of the most successful deep learning models for intelligent …

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A Novel Spatiotemporal Prediction Method Of Cumulative Covid-19 Cases, Junzhe Cai Dec 2020

A Novel Spatiotemporal Prediction Method Of Cumulative Covid-19 Cases, Junzhe Cai

School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Prediction methods are important for many applications. In particular, an accurate prediction for the total number of cases for pandemics such as the Covid-19 pandemic could help medical preparedness by providing in time a sufficient supply of testing kits, hospital beds and medical personnel. This thesis experimentally compares the accuracy of ten prediction methods for the cumulative number of Covid-19 pandemic cases. These ten methods include two types of neural networks and extrapolation methods based on best fit linear, best fit quadratic, best fit cubic and Lagrange interpolation, as well as an extrapolation method from Revesz. We also consider the …

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Suffix Tree, Minwise Hashing And Streaming Algorithms For Big Data Analysis In Bioinformatics, Sairam Behera Dec 2020

Suffix Tree, Minwise Hashing And Streaming Algorithms For Big Data Analysis In Bioinformatics, Sairam Behera

School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In this dissertation, we worked on several algorithmic problems in bioinformatics using mainly three approaches: (a) a streaming model, (b) sux-tree based indexing, and (c) minwise-hashing (minhash) and locality-sensitive hashing (LSH). The streaming models are useful for large data problems where a good approximation needs to be achieved with limited space usage. We developed an approximation algorithm (Kmer-Estimate) using the streaming approach to obtain a better estimation of the frequency of k-mer counts. A k-mer, a subsequence of length k, plays an important role in many bioinformatics analyses such as genome distance estimation. We also developed new methods that use …

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Influence Of The Shaping Process On The Tensile Properties Of Steel Reinforcement Bars Carbon Steel Grades Bjtp24 And Bjts40, Nuraziz Handika, Ridha Amalia Idhar, Jessica Sjah, Essy Arijoeni, Elly Tjahjono Dec 2020

Influence Of The Shaping Process On The Tensile Properties Of Steel Reinforcement Bars Carbon Steel Grades Bjtp24 And Bjts40, Nuraziz Handika, Ridha Amalia Idhar, Jessica Sjah, Essy Arijoeni, Elly Tjahjono

Makara Journal of Technology

According to the current applicable national standard in Indonesia, i.e. SNI 07 2529 1991, in addition to the limitation on the loading rate, the steel bar must be reduced, formed, or lathed, as part of the shaping process of samples. This study determined and compared the effect of the shaping process on the yield strength, ultimate strength, and percent elongation by conducting tensile tests of steel bar grade BJTS40, i.e. deformed bar type of steel, and grade BJTP24, i.e., plain bar type of steel. Three diameters of the deformed bar (BJTS40) and one diameter of the plain bar (BJTP24) were …

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A Density Functional Theory Study On Using Montmorillonite To Reduce Air Pollution, Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu, Meqorry Yusfi, Suprijadi Suprijadi Dec 2020

A Density Functional Theory Study On Using Montmorillonite To Reduce Air Pollution, Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu, Meqorry Yusfi, Suprijadi Suprijadi

Makara Journal of Technology

In this study, density functional theory (DFT) method is used to investigate the possibility of using a smectite clay mineral called montmorillonite (MMT) in reducing heavy metals, such as Cd, through Cd adsorption. The mechanism of Cd adsorption in MMT is observed theoretically, and the tetrahedrally isomorphic substitution on the upper layer of MMT is considered to observe the role of Al and Fe in strengthening Cd adsorption. Two types of MMT are modeled in this study: Al-MMT and Fe-MMT. The Al-MMT means that Al substitutes one atom in the upper tetrahedral layer of MMT, while Fe-MMT means that Fe …

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