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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 2060
Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering
De-Noising Method Of Eeg Signal Based On Mmtd And Wavelet Hard-Threshold, Guoqiang Yan, Ningning Zhou, Shaobai Zhang
De-Noising Method Of Eeg Signal Based On Mmtd And Wavelet Hard-Threshold, Guoqiang Yan, Ningning Zhou, Shaobai Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To overcome the shortage of losing partial important information of hard-threshold method with EEG signal de-noising process, a novel de-noising method based on the combination of measuring of medium truth degree (MMTD) and EEG is proposed. By decomposing noisy signals of wavelet transform, handling threshold of high-frequency wavelet coefficients in every layer, and reconstructing post-processing of the wavelet coefficients, the purpose of noise elimination can be guaranteed. Under different noise intensity, the experimental results show that the MAWH (MMTD and wavelet hard-threshold) method has perspective of lower RMSE and higher SNR compared to hard-threshold and soft-threshold.
Important Object Recognition Method For C4Isr System Based On Operation Traffic Mining, Zhou Fang, Chu Wei, Wendi Cheng
Important Object Recognition Method For C4Isr System Based On Operation Traffic Mining, Zhou Fang, Chu Wei, Wendi Cheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering the problem of vital object recognition for C4ISR system under confrontation condition, a vital object recognition method based on operation traffic mining is proposed. The system operation traffics are collected, the operation data packet describing model is established based on six attribute group described method. The operation traffic association matrix and connectivity matrix are built based on the source IP and destination IP address on data packet. The inflow and outflow operation traffics about system node are counted, and the system vital computation model is established based on statistical traffics as the measurement criteria of system …
Satisfactory Fault-Tolerant Control Of Nncs Under Event-Triggered Sparse Data Transmission, Yajie Li, Li Wei
Satisfactory Fault-Tolerant Control Of Nncs Under Event-Triggered Sparse Data Transmission, Yajie Li, Li Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Adopting the discrete event-triggered communication scheme (DETCS), the satisfactory fault-tolerant control of nonlinear networked control system (NNCS) under the sparse data transmission circumstance was studied. Based on the background of event-triggered sparse data transmission, a closed-loop model with actuator failure and actuator saturation was established. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and the safety degree definition proposed in this paper, a sufficient condition was presented for NNCS with the generalized H?/H2 performance under the case of actuator saturation and actuator failure, which was the contractively invariant set of fault-tolerance with α-safety degree, and …
Sliding Backstepping Mode Control For Flight Simulator Servo Based On Disturbance Compensation And Differentiator, Huibo Liu, Shanglei Liu
Sliding Backstepping Mode Control For Flight Simulator Servo Based On Disturbance Compensation And Differentiator, Huibo Liu, Shanglei Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering the uncertain factors in flight simulator servo system, such as friction torque and modeling error, a sliding backstepping mode control strategy based on the nonlinear extended state observer (NESO) and differentiator was put forward. The uncertain factors were defined as compound disturbances, and the NESO was used for observations in combination with real-time compensations that reduced impact on the system brought by disturbances. Differentiator was used to estimate the system state variables, hence preventing the noise amplifications caused by the difference method; law design came under the control of a sliding backstepping mode controller designed in accordance with …
A Hierarchical Control Framework And Key Algorithms Of Multi-Swarm Persistent Surveillance, Wang Tao, Weiping Wang, Xiaobo Li, Jing Tian
A Hierarchical Control Framework And Key Algorithms Of Multi-Swarm Persistent Surveillance, Wang Tao, Weiping Wang, Xiaobo Li, Jing Tian
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Persistent surveillance is a typical application of multi-swarm aerial vehicle systems (UAVs). And dynamic deployment for multi-swarm UAVs in persistent surveillance has been proved to be a complex problem, especially when the self-adjustment is required to adapt the time-sensitive environment. This paper proposes a multi-swarm hierarchical control scheme and key algorithms. We design the digital turf potential field model to approximate the evolving and interactive information of time-sensitive target features and surveillance effects. Moreover, using the digital turf potential function of each grid as the data point weight, we design a grid-based weighted data-clustering algorithm for the dynamic assignment …
Modeling And Simulation Of Bank Network System With Internet Monetary Fund, Fan Hong, Wang Ke, Zhijie Wang
Modeling And Simulation Of Bank Network System With Internet Monetary Fund, Fan Hong, Wang Ke, Zhijie Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: There are some internet monetary funds such as “Yuebao” becoming an important part of banking system in China in recent years. What kinds of the characteristics and stability of the banking system running are the most urgent problem needed to be solved. Based on the method of the network system dynamics, the dynamical relationship between the internet money fund and traditional bank network is analyzed, and a dynamical algorithm and process of borrowing-lending are provided. A simulation model of banking network system with the internet monetary fund is constructed, which can realize the running process of the banking network …
Soft Shadow Rendering Algorithm Based On Gpu’S Shadow Line, Shanxiao Gao, Wu Xian
Soft Shadow Rendering Algorithm Based On Gpu’S Shadow Line, Shanxiao Gao, Wu Xian
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the problem of soft shadow rendering algorithm on shaded body surfaces, a new algorithm based on shadow lines which can render better soft shadow with less cost computation overhead is presented. GPU is used to create shadow lines which include starting point, ending point and shading value. The computer shader (CS) is used to amend the shading value by inverse distance weighting function. In the phase of shadow rendering, the shadow lines dataset is used to calculate the current pixel's shading value by trigonometric interpolation. Experimental result shows that the algorithm can solve the soft shadow …
Research And Implementation Of Antisubmarine Combatvisual Simulation System, Zhang Xin, Gao Yan, Zhang Jian, Changbo Wang
Research And Implementation Of Antisubmarine Combatvisual Simulation System, Zhang Xin, Gao Yan, Zhang Jian, Changbo Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: This paper constructs visual simulation framework of antisubmarine combat. The sea surface mesh was modeled using projected grid and FFT technologies. Both the sea surface and undersea are finely rendered. The submarine fine rendering algorithm was implemented by considering refraction, Fresnel reflection, Godray and underwater fog effect and using Shader technology, so as to build a realistic battlefield environment. The method of interpolation processing for data in WGS84 coordinates of latitude and longitude through local area network was proposed; the displacement interpolation and rotation interpolation were implemented by calculating the ratio between the current timestamp and both before and …
Infrared Scene Generation Technology Based On Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Of Mos Resistance Arrays, Shanjun Tang, Minmin Song, Biyun Wang, Zhang Yu
Infrared Scene Generation Technology Based On Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation Of Mos Resistance Arrays, Shanjun Tang, Minmin Song, Biyun Wang, Zhang Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To simulate the dynamic infrared scene of infrared guided missile in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation, the researches on the modeling of the target, background and flare and the simulation using MOS resistance arrays are carried out. The infrared countermeasure scene which is applicable to the hardware-in-the-loop simulation is generated by the modeling software, and the infrared radiation model and motion model of the typical target, background and flare are established. The models are verified and corrected by the investigated data of the current main fighters and their infrared flares. The dynamic infrared scene is simulated according to the infrared scene …
Modeling And Simulation On Delay Of Central Heating System For Temperature Prediction, Sun Tao, Shaoxiong Ji
Modeling And Simulation On Delay Of Central Heating System For Temperature Prediction, Sun Tao, Shaoxiong Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Heating prediction is essential for energy saving. However, it is difficult to some extent because the central heating system (CHS) is nonlinear with large-scaled delay and other characteristics. Based on physical laws of the CHS, a novel model combining pruning algorithm with the least mean square is proposed to solve the problem of delay and predict the temperature. The model with the delay taking into consideration conforms to the law of thermal transmission. The pruning algorithm lowers the computational complexity. Simulations using gradient descent least squared regression (LSR), support vector machine (SVM), least-squared support vector machine (LS-SVM) …
Design And Characteristic Analysis Of Floating Flux-Controlled Meminductor Emulator, Yang Ling, Shi Ying, Bingmeng Hu, Chen Lu, Su Jing
Design And Characteristic Analysis Of Floating Flux-Controlled Meminductor Emulator, Yang Ling, Shi Ying, Bingmeng Hu, Chen Lu, Su Jing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A mathematical model of a flux-controlled meminductoris proposed, which is directly from the definition. A practical floating flux-controlled meminductor emulator is implemented with common off-the-shelf components based on the model, which does not contain any memristor.In the different signals and parameters, the system-level circuit simulation experiments are presented by Matlab and Multisim simulation platform.The implementation of hardware circuit and the results of performance tests are presented. Software simulation and hardware test results show that the flux-current relation of the equivalent meminductor typically behaves as a pinched hysteresis loop characteristic and depends on the frequencies and amplitudes …
Simulation Of Two Stages-Variant Growth Evolution Model Of High-Speed Railway And Civil Aviation Compound Network, Xu Feng, Jinfu Zhu, Jianjun Miao, Rongrong Ding
Simulation Of Two Stages-Variant Growth Evolution Model Of High-Speed Railway And Civil Aviation Compound Network, Xu Feng, Jinfu Zhu, Jianjun Miao, Rongrong Ding
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Combining the special evolving characteristics of the high-speed railway and civil aviation compound network, an evolution model which has two stages with variant growth mechanism and variable parameters is constructed, and the rationality of the model is verified through mathematical simulation. The model divides the evolutionary process into two stages: the stage of single-point growth pattern, and the stage of variant and alternant growth pattern. The probability of two sub-networks’ random and commutative growth could be controlled by changing the parameters’ values, and then the evolving rhythm and scale of the compound network could be adjusted. The simulation results …
Flow Field Analysis Of Pipeline Pig Receiving Trap, Chuanjun Han, Yu Cheng, Xingzhi Duan, Li Qi
Flow Field Analysis Of Pipeline Pig Receiving Trap, Chuanjun Han, Yu Cheng, Xingzhi Duan, Li Qi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To study the influence of piping diameter on the flow field characteristics when pig receiving trap is working, the finite element model of pig receiving trap whose type is P6.3MPa DN700/DN600 was established, and the effects of the diameters changes of vent pipe and blow-off pipe were simulated. The effects caused by the pig running speeds on the flow field of the pig receiving trap were studied. The results show that in the pig receiving trap, there is the maximum pressure in the left side of pig staying and the pressure begins to decrease and easy to form swirls …
Elevator Traffic Pattern Recognition With Fcm Clustering Based Fuzzy Neural Network, Zhenshan Yang, Wenjiao Yue
Elevator Traffic Pattern Recognition With Fcm Clustering Based Fuzzy Neural Network, Zhenshan Yang, Wenjiao Yue
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Elevator traffic demand pattern recognition is the prerequisite for effectively implementing the strategies of elevator group control system. In view of the characteristics of time-varying, nonlinear and uncertainty of elevator traffic demand, an elevator traffic pattern recognition method with FCM (Fuzzy C-means) clustering based fuzzy neural network is presented. The method introduces the fuzzy logic into the calculation and learning of BP neural network, and employs FCM clustering algorithm to cluster the original traffic demand to realize the fuzzy partition of the input space of fuzzy system to determine the initial value of network membership function and clustering center …
Risk Analysis Of Semitrailer Overtaking On Curved Sections Based On Dynamic Simulation, Zhang Chi, Qi Chen, Xiaomin Yan, Dongjian Shao, Zhang Min
Risk Analysis Of Semitrailer Overtaking On Curved Sections Based On Dynamic Simulation, Zhang Chi, Qi Chen, Xiaomin Yan, Dongjian Shao, Zhang Min
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To study the safety of semitrailers corner overtaking behavior, the dynamic model of vehicle, the road model and the drivers' aiming trajectory model were developed by multi-body dynamics simulation software TruckSim. The semitrailers were simulated in separate working conditions by changing the super-elevations, circular curve radius, vehicle turning radius and speed. Lateral load transfer rate was invoked as the evaluation index for evaluating the vehicle's safety. The model of six axle semitrailer side tumbling stability prediction was established through the Spss regression; the risk of overtaking on five separate bends of a western highway was evaluated by the model. …
Pmsm Parameter Identification Using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization With Levy Flight, Jinbao Chen, Li Jie, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Pmsm Parameter Identification Using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization With Levy Flight, Jinbao Chen, Li Jie, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: High precision parameters are the key for permanent magnet synchronous motor to realize high performance control. To overcome the shortages of slow speed and low identification accuracy in traditional identification methods, a novel teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm with Levy flight is proposed to identify the PMSM parameters. The algorithm introduces adaptive teaching factor and self-learning strategy to improve the convergence speed. As for learning phase, a Levy flight stochastic process is introduced to improve the optimization strategy so that the algorithm can enhance the ability to keep the balance between exploration and exploitation. The simulation results show that the novel …
Improved Bp Neural Network Of Heat Load Forecasting Based On Temperature And Date Type, Li Qi, Zhao Feng
Improved Bp Neural Network Of Heat Load Forecasting Based On Temperature And Date Type, Li Qi, Zhao Feng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The heat load forecasting provides data support for urban district heating systems, which is the basis of need-based heating. The change of heat load is greatly influenced by various exterior factors, especially the outdoor temperature. To meet demand of heating system, save energy and balance the comfort of human body, a kind of improved BP neural network method is proposed by temperature and date type. The temperature and date type are quantified and the heat load forecasting model is established by using BP neural network. To guarantee prediction accuracy, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the weights and …
Application Of Multiple-Stepwise And Kalman Filtering In Haze Forecast, Yunhao Xian, Hengde Zhang, Yonghua Xie, Le Yang
Application Of Multiple-Stepwise And Kalman Filtering In Haze Forecast, Yunhao Xian, Hengde Zhang, Yonghua Xie, Le Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Considering the importance of objective haze forecast and the low accuracy rate of haze forecast, a new haze objective forecast correction method based on the multiple stepwise regression algorithms and the Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed. The multiple stepwise regression method is used to control the physical factor of the dependent variable, and the visibility forecast equation is established. The Kalman filtering method is adopted to correct the regression coefficient in multivariate stepwise regression algorithm according to the actual data, and the haze objective forecast correction model is established. The experiments are carried out in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing and …
Simulation And Experimental Research On Real-Time Nurbs Interpolator For Industrial Robot, Zhang Tie, Wentao Gong, Yanbiao Zou
Simulation And Experimental Research On Real-Time Nurbs Interpolator For Industrial Robot, Zhang Tie, Wentao Gong, Yanbiao Zou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A real-time non uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) path interpolator with look-ahead algorithm for six-axis industrial robot is investigated. The algorithm consists of two modules: the global interpolation of the NURBS, and the look-ahead interpolator. The parametric equation of NURBS is built based on the parameter u and v, and the smooth NURBS curve is achieved from several teaching points. The velocity constraint equations are introduced initially based on chord error and centripetal acceleration, and the look-ahead velocity plan and the interpolator are investigated. The current strategy is compared with the trapezoidal acceleration and deceleration interpolator in a real-time controller …
Finite Element Analysis Of Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection For Transverse Cracks Of Sucker Rod, Zhang Ou, Xueye Wei, Wang Pei, Shuxin Yan
Finite Element Analysis Of Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection For Transverse Cracks Of Sucker Rod, Zhang Ou, Xueye Wei, Wang Pei, Shuxin Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The modeling and testing technology of the surface transverse cracks of complex defecting for sucker rod were studied, and a finite element simulation model of rod transverse defects was built. The magnetic flux leakage testing simulation was carried out by using ANSYS software, and the changing trend between the lift-off value and the leakage magnetic field was obtained. Two kinds of different magnetization modes of single coil and double coils were analyzed, and the result showed that the double coils magnetization is superior to single coil magnetization. The two dimensional and three dimensional magnetic flux leakage testing …
Counterforce Characteristics Of Shrapnel In Magnetic Latching Relay Based On Abaqus, Xiuping Su, Jiaying Dong, Yanhua Qiao, Huang Min
Counterforce Characteristics Of Shrapnel In Magnetic Latching Relay Based On Abaqus, Xiuping Su, Jiaying Dong, Yanhua Qiao, Huang Min
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A 3D model of contact system in magnetic latching relay was established by the software Pro/E, and the shrapnel deformation by force was analyzed in the contact system using finite element analysis software Abaqus. The advantages of Abaqus software in the multibody system simulation were analyzed and summarized, a modeling and simulation approach to contact multibody system in magnetic latching relay based on Abaqus was proposed. The selection of element type, technology of mesh division, definition of boundary condition, and establishment of finite element model were studied. The non-convergence problems were solved in the simulation analysis by adding binding …
Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Improved Cooperative Pso Neural Network, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin
Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Improved Cooperative Pso Neural Network, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To correctly evaluate the energy needs of the aircraft cabin and to predict the energy consumption of the aircraft cabin with higher accuracy, an energy consumption prediction method based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) neural network algorithm parameters is proposed. The method combines the cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm with chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm. On the basis of cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm chaos theory is introduced. Continuous search ability by using chaos optimization method to overcome the collaborative optimization algorithm is easy to fall into the local extremum problem. The parameters of the neural network can …
Optimal Operation Of Grid-Connected Microgrid Based On Abc Algorithm, Qiuli Cui
Optimal Operation Of Grid-Connected Microgrid Based On Abc Algorithm, Qiuli Cui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An optimal scheduling model of grid-connected microgrid composed of wind power generators, photovoltaic cells, fuel cells and batteries is established. The economy and environmental protection elements are considered in this model. To maximize the role of peak shaving and valley filling in microgrid system, based on the time-of-use price mechanism, the heuristic rules combined with peak shaving and valley filling is used to design a grid-connected energy scheduling strategy. By monitoring the net load state and the price time interval, and adjusting the particular state of the micro source of power, the system optimal energy scheduling state is obtained. …
Ultra-Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting Based On Ceemd And Chaos Theory, Lijie Wang, Zhang Li, Zhang Yan
Ultra-Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting Based On Ceemd And Chaos Theory, Lijie Wang, Zhang Li, Zhang Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: This paper studies the ultra-short-term prediction of wind power generating capacity by means of CEEMD and chaos theory. Wind power time series is decomposed by CEEMD to decrease the non-stationary of time series. CEEMD can overcome the modal aliasing problem of EMD. The phase space reconstruction method is used to extract characteristics of each sequence, which provides the basis for the selection of input dimension when building a model. The least squares support vector machine models are built for each sequence and the prediction are made separately. The predicted results are added to get the final prediction. Simulation is …
Power Control Algorithm Based On Non-Cooperative Game Theory Of Wbans, Xu Yong, Mengya Ke, Fen Liu, Qianming Zha
Power Control Algorithm Based On Non-Cooperative Game Theory Of Wbans, Xu Yong, Mengya Ke, Fen Liu, Qianming Zha
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A non-cooperative self-adaptive power control algorithm is proposed based on the model of TDMA wireless body area networks (WBANs) interference. The algorithm is put forward using payoff function and cost function as utility functions.The transmitting power vector is obtained by the optimal response strategy update. It is proved that the network can reach Nash Equilibrium with the transmitting power vector, and in this situation all the users’ utility function is maximized. The Matlab is applied to simulation process of the algorithm, during which simulation has been carried out with different parameters. Compared with …
Aerodynamic Noise Generating Mechanism Of Corbula Type Throttle Valves, Yueqin Li, Xiao Fei, Fan Ming, Xiaodong Xu
Aerodynamic Noise Generating Mechanism Of Corbula Type Throttle Valves, Yueqin Li, Xiao Fei, Fan Ming, Xiaodong Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The throttle mechanism of pneumatic noise and the noise spectrum characteristics of corbula type throttle valve are studied by targeting on aerodynamic noise problems caused by gas when flowing through the corbula type throttle valve, the method of CFD software with acoustic software simulationis used as well. The studies have showed that when the flow of fluid flows through shrink section, it can be effected by throttling effect, the speed of gas on the hole exit increases rapidly to form under-expanded supersonic jet, causing strong turbulence and shock wave noise. The conclusionis that the construction of throttling …
Research On Network Public Opinion Simulation From Interdisciplinary Perspective, Lingnan He, Kaisheng Lai, Zhongxuan Lin, Xiling Xiong
Research On Network Public Opinion Simulation From Interdisciplinary Perspective, Lingnan He, Kaisheng Lai, Zhongxuan Lin, Xiling Xiong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The simulation of network public opinion shows a trend of interdisciplinary development. On the one hand, the method of data analysis in network public opinion belongs to natural science; on the other hand, participants are social people and have strong social scientific attributes. However, at present, most of the simulation models come from the natural science fields such as system dynamics, Markov model, small-world theory and SIS model, etc. This paper introduces the big five personality of psychology, media literacy of communication, opinion leaders and diffusion of innovation theory, taking the psychological modeling in the dissemination of the main …
Dynamic Data Modeling Driven Model For Forest Fire Spread Based On Devs, Guoxiong Zhou, Kejia Yin, Aibin Chen
Dynamic Data Modeling Driven Model For Forest Fire Spread Based On Devs, Guoxiong Zhou, Kejia Yin, Aibin Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the characteristics of fire behavior with strong sudden, disposal of difficult rescue, and heavy destructiveness, combining dynamic data system and discrete event system specification model, a dynamic data driven forest fire spread model is put forward based on devs modeling. The dynamic data system needs to be realized through the interaction between the computer software and the data characteristics of each environment, which is characterized by flexible data and real data. DEVS supports object-oriented modeling, and can make the modeling and simulation of the system modular, hierarchical and formal. The model is set up according to the …
Study On Evacuation Modeling Of Airport Based On Social Force Model, Shaobo Zhong, Zhichen Yu, Yongsheng Yang, Sun Chao, Quanyi Huang
Study On Evacuation Modeling Of Airport Based On Social Force Model, Shaobo Zhong, Zhichen Yu, Yongsheng Yang, Sun Chao, Quanyi Huang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Public safety events frequently occurred in China and caused great casualty and property loss. Inefficient evacuation is one of the major causes of casualties in emergencies. Taking the T3-E of the Beijing Capital International Airport as a study area, the influence of four factors of evacuation guidance, customs barriers, the airport seats, and construction columns studies is studied through social force model-based simulation. The results show that: four factors have local effects on evacuation respectively. Evacuation guidance has the most significant positive effect while others have a little significant negative effect. Moreover, the relationships between the maximal and optimal …
Application Of Compound Control For Flight Simulator With Eid Estimator, Ren Yan, Guanhua Zhao, Wenbo Tan, Xiaodong Liu
Application Of Compound Control For Flight Simulator With Eid Estimator, Ren Yan, Guanhua Zhao, Wenbo Tan, Xiaodong Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of the problem that the interference and nonlinear friction sensitively effect on flight simulators, an improved approximation differential compound control strategy with Equivalent Input Disturbance (EID) estimator is presented. Moreover, the setting conditions based on given parameters was proposed. In the presented strategy, the EID estimator can compensate the equivalent input disturbance of the system. Furthermore, owing to the construction of the digital feedforward via the improved differentiator, the improved approximation differentiator is able to acquire accurately the velocity and the acceleration of the signal, and has an ability to inhibit the partial noise by use of …