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Articles 601 - 630 of 733
Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering
Universal Continuous Media I/O: Design And Implementation, Charles D. Cranor, Gurudatta M. Parulkar
Universal Continuous Media I/O: Design And Implementation, Charles D. Cranor, Gurudatta M. Parulkar
All Computer Science and Engineering Research
The problem this paper addresses is how to modify an existing operating system's I/O subsystem to support new high-speed networks and high-bandwidth multimedia applications that will play an important role in future computing environments. The proposed I/O subsystem is called universal continuous media I/O (UCM I/O). This paper will cover the preliminary design of UCM I/O, some of the trade-offs and issues that need to be addressed in order to implement UCM I/O, and a summary of work in progress.
Proposal For Research Distribution Of Gigabit Network Technology, Jonathan Turner
Proposal For Research Distribution Of Gigabit Network Technology, Jonathan Turner
All Computer Science and Engineering Research
In 1993, APRA funded a major program at Washingotn University to create gigabit networking technology and create a gigabit testbed based on this technology. This program is now nearing the end of its first year and is making excellent proress towards its research and technical objectives. This note a proposes a program that would lead to the export of this technology to research groups in networking and gigabit applications with an interest in using it to further their own research activities.
Connection Management In Reconfigurable Distributed Systems, Bala Swaminathan
Connection Management In Reconfigurable Distributed Systems, Bala Swaminathan
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The Programmer's Playground takes a new approach to simplifying and supporting the construction of distributed applications. The approach, called I/O abstraction, separates the description of a system's communication structure from the descriptions of its computational components so that software modules written in existing programming languages cna be integrated flexibly and dynamically by both programmers and end-users. This separation is achieved by estabishing logical connectinos among the data interfaces of independent software modules. The logical connections provide a uniform high-level view of communication for both discrete and continuous data. The I/O abstraction approach inherits ideas from the I/O automaton model, a …
Efficient Fair Queueing Using Deficit Round Robin, George Varghese, M. Shreedhar
Efficient Fair Queueing Using Deficit Round Robin, George Varghese, M. Shreedhar
All Computer Science and Engineering Research
Fair queuing is a technique that allows each flow passing through a network device to have fair share of network resources. previous schemes for fair queuing that achieved nearly perfect fairness were expensive to implement: specifically, the work required to process a packet in these schemes was O(log(n)), where n is the number of active flows. This is expensive at high speeds. On the other hand, cheaper approximations of fair queuing that have been reported in the literature exhibit unfair behavior. In this paper, we describe a new approximation of fair queuing, that we call Deficit Round Robin. Our scheme …
Cmap, Ken Cox, John Dehart
Cmap, Ken Cox, John Dehart
All Computer Science and Engineering Research
This document specifies a Connection Management Access Protocol (CMAP) for call management in high-speed packet switched networks. We target CMAP to networks employing the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) communication standard. CMAP specifies the access procedues exercised by network clients to manipulate multipoint calls; it is thus a User-Network Interface (UNI) signalling protocol. We define a multipoint call as a group of multipoint connections. A multipoint connection is a communication channel between two or more clients or endpoints of the network, where all data sent by one client is received by all other clients who have elected to receive. A point-to-point …
An Incremental Distributed Algorithm For Computing Biconnected Components, Bala Swaminathan, Kenneth J. Goldman
An Incremental Distributed Algorithm For Computing Biconnected Components, Bala Swaminathan, Kenneth J. Goldman
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This paper describes a distributed algorithm for computing the biconnected components of a dynamically changing graph. Our algorithm has a worst case communication complexity of O(b + c) messages for an edge insertion and O(b' + c) messages for an edge removal, and a worst case time complexity of O(c) for both operations, where c is the maximum number of biconnected components in any of the connected components during the operation, b is the number of nodes in the biconnected component containing the new edge, and bprime is the number of nodes in the biconnected component in which the update …
Morphing Binary Trees, John Hershberger, Subhash Suri
Morphing Binary Trees, John Hershberger, Subhash Suri
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We investigate the problem of transforming one binary tree into another by rotatoins, subject to certain weight ocnstraints on the nodes of the trees. These constraints arise in the problem of "morphing" one simple polygon to another simple polygon by continuous deformatinos (translations and scalings) that preserve the turn angles and the simplicity of the polygon; the two polygons must have the same sequence of turn angles. Our main theorem is that two arbitrary n-leaf binary trees satisfying our weight constraint can be morphed into each other with O(n log n) rotations. Furthermore, we also present an O(n log n) …
Distributed Multimedia Systems Research Prospectus, Jonathan Turner
Distributed Multimedia Systems Research Prospectus, Jonathan Turner
All Computer Science and Engineering Research
Distributed multimedia computing and communiation systems combine computer systems, networks and distributed software to facilitate applications that enable and enhance collaborative work, direct interpersonal communication, remote access to information and real-time presentation of information from a variety of sources. Over the next decade, we expect such systems to become central to the infrastructure of our increasingly information-driven society. This prospectus describes a program of research being pursued within the Computer and Communications Research Center of Washington University and the Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering. This program seeks to promote the creation of effective distributed multimedia systems and develop …
An Application-Oriented Error Control Scheme For High Speed Networks, Fengmin Gong, Gurudatta Parulkar
An Application-Oriented Error Control Scheme For High Speed Networks, Fengmin Gong, Gurudatta Parulkar
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Many new network applications demand interprocess communication (IPC) services that are not supported by existing transport protocol mechanisms. Large bandwidth-delay products of high-speed networks also render the existing control mechanisms such as flow and error control less efficient. In particular, new error control schemes that can provide variable degrees of error recovery according to the applications requirements are needed. This paper presents the design, evaluation, and implementation of an application-oriented error control scheme that is aimed at supporting efficient IPC in high-speed networking environments. Our results show that the proposed error control scheme allows effective control of trade-off between the …
Exact Learning Of Discretized Geometric Concepts, Nader H. Bshouty, Paul W. Goldberg, Sally A. Goldman, H. David Mathias
Exact Learning Of Discretized Geometric Concepts, Nader H. Bshouty, Paul W. Goldberg, Sally A. Goldman, H. David Mathias
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We first present an algorithm that uses membership and equivalence queries to exactly identify a discretized geometric concept defined by the unioin of m axis-parallel boxes in d-dimensional discretized Euclidean space where each coordinate can have n discrete values. This algorithm receives at most md counterexamples and uses time and membership queries polynomial in m and log(n) for any constant d. Furthermore, all equivalence queries can be formulated as the union of O(mdlog(m)) axis-parallel boxes. Next, we show how to extend our algorithm to efficiently learn, from only equivalence queries, any discretized geometric concept generated from any number of halfspaces …
Performance Comparison Of Asynchronous Adders, Mark A. Franklin, Tienyo Pan
Performance Comparison Of Asynchronous Adders, Mark A. Franklin, Tienyo Pan
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In asynchronous systems, average function delays principally govern overall throughput. This paper compares the performance of six adder designs with respect to their average delays. Our results show that asynchronous addres (32 or 64-bits) with a hybrid structure (e.g., carry-select addres) run 20-40% faster than simple ripple-carry addres. Hybrid adders also outperform high-cost, strictly synchronous conditional-sum adders.
A Characterization Of The Computational Power Of Rule-Based Visualization, Kenneth C. Cox, Gruia-Catalin Roman
A Characterization Of The Computational Power Of Rule-Based Visualization, Kenneth C. Cox, Gruia-Catalin Roman
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Declarative visualization is a paradigm in which the process of visualization is treated as a mapping from some domain (typically a program) to an image. One means of declaring such mappings is through the use of rules which specify the relationship between the domain and the image. This paper examines the computational power of such rule-based mappings. Computational power is measure using three separate criteria. The first of these uses the Chomsky hierarchy, in which computational power is treated as string-acceptance; with this criterion we are able to show that certain rule-based models are equivalent in power to Turing machines. …
A Fault Tolerant Connectionist Architecture For Construction Of Logic Proofs, Gadi Pinkas
A Fault Tolerant Connectionist Architecture For Construction Of Logic Proofs, Gadi Pinkas
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This chapter considers the problems of expressing logic and constructing proofs in fault tolerant connectionist networks that are based on energy minimalism. Given a first-order-logic knowledge base and a bound k, a symmetric network is constructed (like a Boltzman machine or a Hopfield network) that searches for a proof for a given query. If a resolution-based proof of length no longer than k exists, then the global minima of the energy function that is associated with the network represent such proofs. If no proof exist then the global minima indicate the lack of a proof. The network that is generated …
The Study Of Computer Science Concepts Through Game Play, Benjamin M. Weber
The Study Of Computer Science Concepts Through Game Play, Benjamin M. Weber
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No abstract provided.
Reasoning About Synchrony Illustrated On Three Models Of Concurrency, Gruia-Catalin Roman, Jerome Plun
Reasoning About Synchrony Illustrated On Three Models Of Concurrency, Gruia-Catalin Roman, Jerome Plun
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This paper presents a model of concurrency (Dynamic Synchrony) whose distinctive feature is a novel formal treatment of synchronization. Synchrony is defined as the coordinated execution of two or more actions. The dynamic aspect comes from the fact that the definition of which actions must be executed synchronously can change freely during the execution of the program. This unique modeling capability comes with a UNITY-stype assertional logic that can be applied to program verification and derivation. This paper shows that the proposed proof logic can be used to verify programs expressed using other models of foncurrency without having to translate …
Improving The Speed Of A Distributed Checkpointing Algorithm, Sachin Garg, Kenneth F. Wong
Improving The Speed Of A Distributed Checkpointing Algorithm, Sachin Garg, Kenneth F. Wong
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This paper shows how Koo and Toueg's distributed checkpointing algorithm can be modified so as to substantially reduce the average message volume. It attempts to avoid O(n{squared}) messages by using dependency knowledge to reduce the number of checkpoint request messages. Lemmas on consistency and termination are also included.
Objective Evaluation Of Radiation Treatment Plans, Nilesh L. Jain, Michael G. Kahn
Objective Evaluation Of Radiation Treatment Plans, Nilesh L. Jain, Michael G. Kahn
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The evaluation of radiation treatment plans involves making trade-offs among doses delivered to the tumor volumes and nearby normal tissues. Evaluating state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) plans is a difficult task because of the huge amount of planning data that needs to be deciphered. Multiattribute utility theory provides a methodology for specifying trade-offs and selecting the optimal plan from many competing lans. Using multiattribute utility theory, we are developing a clinically meaningful objective plan-evaluation model for 3D radiation treatment plans. Our model incorporates three of the factors involved in radiation treatment evaluation - treatment preferences of the radiation oncologist, clinical condition of …
The Pessimism Behind Optimistic Simulation, George Varghese, Roger D. Chamberlain, William E. Weihl
The Pessimism Behind Optimistic Simulation, George Varghese, Roger D. Chamberlain, William E. Weihl
All Computer Science and Engineering Research
In this paper we make an analogy between the time that storage must be maintained in an optimistic simulation and the blocking time in a conservative simulation. By exploring this analogy, we design two new Global Virtual Time (GVT) protocols for Time Warp systems. The first simple protocol is based on the null message scheme proposed for clock advancement in some conservative approaches; this yields what we call Local Guaranteed Time. Our main contribution is a second new protocol that is inspired by Misra's circulating marker scheme for deadlock recovery in conservative simulations, and appears to have advantages over previous …
A Unified Model For Shared-Memory And Message-Passing Systems, Kenneth Goldman, Katherine Yelick
A Unified Model For Shared-Memory And Message-Passing Systems, Kenneth Goldman, Katherine Yelick
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A unified model of distributed systems that accomodates both shared-memory and message-passing communication is proposed. An extension of the I/O automaton model of Lynch and Tuttle, the model provides a full range of types of atomic accesses to shared memory, from basic reads and writes to read-modify-write. In addition to supporting the specification and verification of shared memory algorithms, the unified model is particularly helpful for proving correspondences between atomic shared objects and invocation-response systems and for proving the correctness of systems that contain both message passing and shared memory (such as a network of shared-memory multiprocessors or a distributed …
Real-Time Admission Control Algorithms With Delay And Loss Guarantees In Atm Networks, Apostolos Dailianas, Andreas D. Bovopoulos
Real-Time Admission Control Algorithms With Delay And Loss Guarantees In Atm Networks, Apostolos Dailianas, Andreas D. Bovopoulos
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A multimedia ATM network is shared by media streams with different performance requirements. For media streams such as file transfers, the preservation of bursts and the provision of guarantees for loss probability at the burst level is of primary importance, while, for media streams such as voice, loss guarantees at the cell level are sufficient. Continuous media have stringent delay jitter requirements. Finally, some applications require loss-free transmission. In this paper, the first complete traffic management scheme for multimedia ATM networks is introduced. The traffic management scheme supports four different classes of traffic, each of which has different performance requirements …
Clothespins On Timelines: Utilities And The Interval Representation Of Time, R. P. Loui, Jersey Chen
Clothespins On Timelines: Utilities And The Interval Representation Of Time, R. P. Loui, Jersey Chen
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We discuss the problem of representing utility in planning systems that are based on Allen's [83] popular ontology for planning, which represents actions and events as time intervals. We identify a small number of primitive functions on time intervals which may be helpful in representing preference and also in eliminating dominated actions. Assuming that utility can be decomposed to take advantage of these primitives, these functions provide one solution to the problem of specifying utility in such expressive planning languages. We identify a restricted class of utility expressions that generate linear programming problems. The contribution is not deep, but is …
Fril - A Fractal Intermediate Language, Ron Cytron, David Shields
Fril - A Fractal Intermediate Language, Ron Cytron, David Shields
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This document describes the motivation, language description, and experience using FrIL, an intermediate language for a compiler's "middle-end." FrIL has subbessfully supported a two-semester compiler construction sequence, where the first semester included code generation from a C-like language and the second semester included advanced data flow analysis and program transformation.
Dynamic Reconfiguration With I/O Abstraction, Bala Swaminathan, Kenneth J. Goldman
Dynamic Reconfiguration With I/O Abstraction, Bala Swaminathan, Kenneth J. Goldman
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Dynamic reconfiguration is explored in the context of I/O abstraction, a new programming model that defines the communication structure of a system in terms of connections among well-defined data interfaces for the modules in the system. The properties of I/O abstraction, particularly the clear separation of computation from communication and the availability of a module's state information, help simplify the reconfiguration strategy. Both logical and physical reconfiguration are discussed, with an emphasis on a new module migration mechanism that (1) takes advantage of the underlying I/O abstraction model, (2) avoids the expense and complication of state extraction techniques, (3) minimizes …
Logical Interference In Symmetric Connectionist Networks, Gadi Pinkas
Logical Interference In Symmetric Connectionist Networks, Gadi Pinkas
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This work delineates the relation between logic and symmetric neural networks. The motivation is two-fold: 1) to study the capabilities and limitations of connectionist networks with respect to knowledge representatoin; and 2) to develop a new kind of inference negine that is expressive, massively parallel, capable of coping with nonmonotonic or noisy knowledge and capable of learning. The thesis shows that propositional logic can be implemented efficiently in networks where hidden units allow the representation of arbitrary constraints. An inference engine is constructed which can obtain its knowledge either by compiling symbolic rules or by learning them inductively from examples. …
The Washington University Multimedia System, William D. Richard, Jerome R. Cox Jr., Brian Gottlieb, Ken Krieger
The Washington University Multimedia System, William D. Richard, Jerome R. Cox Jr., Brian Gottlieb, Ken Krieger
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The Washington University Multimedia System (MMS) is a complete multimedia system capable of transmitting and receiving video, audio, and radiological images, in addition to normal network traffic, over the Washingon University broadband ATM network. The MMS consists of an ATMizer and three multimedia subsystems. The ATMizer implements the host interface, the interface to the ATM network, and the interface to the three multimedia subsystems. The video sybsystem encodes and decodes JPEG compressed video using two hardware compression engines. The audio subsystem encodes and decodes CD-quality stereo audio. The high-speed radiological image subsystem reformats radiological image data transmitted by a dedicated …
Research Proposal: Preference Acquisition Through Reconciliation Of Inconsistencies, Nilesh L. Jain
Research Proposal: Preference Acquisition Through Reconciliation Of Inconsistencies, Nilesh L. Jain
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The quality of performance of a decision-support system (or an expert system) is determined to a large extent by its underlying preference model (or knowledge base). The difficulties in preference and knowledge acquisition make them a major focus of current research in decision-support and expert systems. Researchers have used various concepts to develop promising acquisition techniques. One of the concepts used is knowledge maintenence where the knowledge base is changed in response to incorrect or inadequate performance by the expert system. This dissertation investigates a preference acquisition technique based on the reconciliation of inconsistencies between the preference model and the …
A Comparison Study Of The Pen And The Mouse In Editing Graphic Diagrams, Ajay Apte, Takayuki Dan Kimura
A Comparison Study Of The Pen And The Mouse In Editing Graphic Diagrams, Ajay Apte, Takayuki Dan Kimura
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We report the results of an experiment comparing the merits of the pen and the mouse as drawing devices. For this study a pen-based graphic diagram editor equipped with a shape recognition algorithm was developed on GO's PenPoint operating system. A commercially available drawing program on NeXT was used for mouse-based editing. Twelve CS students were chosen as subjects and asked to draw four different diagrams of similar complexity: two with a pen and the other two with a mouse. The diagrams are chosen from the categories of dataflow visual language, Petri nets, flowcharts, and state diagrams. The results indicate …
The N-Body Problem: Distributed System Load Balancing And Performance Evaluation, Vasudha Govindan, Mark A. Franklin
The N-Body Problem: Distributed System Load Balancing And Performance Evaluation, Vasudha Govindan, Mark A. Franklin
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In this paper, the N-body simulation problem is considered, its parallel implementation described, its execution time performance is modeled and compared with measured results, and two alternative load balancing algorithms for enhancing performance investigated. Parallel N-body techniques are widely applied in various fields and possess characteristics that challenge the computation and communication capabilities of parallel computing systems and are therefore good candidates for use as parallel benchmarks. Performance models may be used to estimate the performance of an algorithm on a given system, identify performance bottlenecks and study the performance implications of several algorithm are system enhancements. In this paper, …
Human And Machine Cognition Workshop Papers 1989, 1991, 1993, R. P. Loui
Human And Machine Cognition Workshop Papers 1989, 1991, 1993, R. P. Loui
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No abstract provided.
Trainrec: A System For Training Feedforward & Simple Recurrent Networks Efficiently And Correctly, Barry L. Kalman, Stan C. Kwasny
Trainrec: A System For Training Feedforward & Simple Recurrent Networks Efficiently And Correctly, Barry L. Kalman, Stan C. Kwasny
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TRAINREC is a system for training feedforward and recurrent neural networks that incorporates several ideas. It uses the conjugate-gradient method which is demonstrably more efficient than traditional backward error propagation. We assume epoch-based training and derive a new error function having several desirable properties absent from the traditional sum-of-squared-error function. We argue for skip (shortcut) connections where appropriate and the preference for a sigmoidal yielding values over the [-1,1] interval. The input feature space is often over-analyzed, but by using singular value decomposition, input patterns can be conditioned for better learning often with a reduced number of input units. Recurrent …