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Articles 3541 - 3570 of 4209
Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering
Mesh Morphing Process For Facial Plastic Surgery Simulation, Jinfang Li, Rifu Li, Hanwu He, Junlong Xu, Jiayuan Liu, Li Hang
Mesh Morphing Process For Facial Plastic Surgery Simulation, Jinfang Li, Rifu Li, Hanwu He, Junlong Xu, Jiayuan Liu, Li Hang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to present the result of facial plastic surgery accurately, we propose a mesh morphing process method based on the grayscale texture in this paper. A grayscale texture is created by selecting the region of interest (ROI), and a set of texture coordinate is computed for the vertices in real time to establish the mapping relationship between the vertices and the grayscale texture. In order to make the morphing smooth, we blur the grayscale texture with the mean blurred processing algorithm and control the blur effect by the number of iterations. The advantages of this algorithm are as …
Research On Open Cell Effect Based On Vacation Queueing Model, Wenwen Pan, Bingyu An, Zangbo Chi, Mingmin Zhang, Zhuxin Hu
Research On Open Cell Effect Based On Vacation Queueing Model, Wenwen Pan, Bingyu An, Zangbo Chi, Mingmin Zhang, Zhuxin Hu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The paper analyzes the related influence factors when closed residential area is open to its surrounding roads. Using the traffic flow theory, the evaluation system of AHP and vacation queuing model based on Markov chain are established. After describing and quantifying the road traffic impact about the open community, we put forward some suggestions about the open of closed residential community. At the same time, the evaluation and improvement rate are proposed under different conditions such as changing the structure of the community, changing the surrounding road structure and changing the traffic flow off. In consideration of traffic lights, …
Key Techniques Of Remote Visualization Of 3d Seismic Volume Supporting Multi-User, Lianen Ji, Zhao Ni, Shiyi Liang, Huang Bo
Key Techniques Of Remote Visualization Of 3d Seismic Volume Supporting Multi-User, Lianen Ji, Zhao Ni, Shiyi Liang, Huang Bo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: During the remote visualization of large-scale seismic volume for multi-user concurrent interaction, traditional task scheduling approaches could lead to large amount of I/O operation and repetitive calculation of volume texture blocks. So, a more efficient multi-task scheduling strategy was proposed, which rearranged the schedule order of volume rendering tasks through computing their viewpoint correlation. Furthermore, an optimized design of LRU based on parallel protection lock was made. In order to improve the network transmission efficiency and quality of seismic visualization image simultaneously, and to meet the requirement of users to observe the region of interest (ROI) preferentially, the …
Rgbd Image Co-Segmentation Via Saliency Detection And Graph Cut, Xiaoyang Li, Lili Wan, Henan Li, Shenghui Wang
Rgbd Image Co-Segmentation Via Saliency Detection And Graph Cut, Xiaoyang Li, Lili Wan, Henan Li, Shenghui Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to accurately segment images with similar colors in the foreground, we propose a RGBD image co-segmentation algorithm that utilizes saliency detection and graph cut. Our algorithm not only achieves the co-segmentation of multiple images, but also uses depth data to solve the foreground and background confusion problem caused by color similarity. Depth is incorporated into a superpixel segmentation algorithm to change each RGBD image into a set of superpixel blocks. A graph model of superpixels is constructed and saliency detection is used to extend the seed nodes area. The …
Research On Parametric Modeling Of Radar Electronic Warfare Visual Simulation, Jinliang Guo, Zhang Yang, Xiaoyan Li, Xue Yuan
Research On Parametric Modeling Of Radar Electronic Warfare Visual Simulation, Jinliang Guo, Zhang Yang, Xiaoyan Li, Xue Yuan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the versatility of electronic warfare scene simulation and reduce the repeated development, a parametric modeling approach was proposed. Based on the visual simulation development model of Vega Prime, the modular simulation architecture was designed to provide a unified design structure for parametric modeling. The method of parameter extraction and description was researched to standardize the design of simulation model parameters. Parameter constraint rules were researched to associate model parameters, avoid the conflict between parameters, and simplify parameter instantiation. A parametric visual simulation system of electronic warfare was designed and implemented. The parametric modeling process …
Physically-Based Interactive Virtual Clothing Animation Simulation, Shi Min, Junzheng Wang, Tianlu Mao, Yaning Liu
Physically-Based Interactive Virtual Clothing Animation Simulation, Shi Min, Junzheng Wang, Tianlu Mao, Yaning Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Realistic effective clothing animation simulation involves many factors, including the lifelike animation rendering, stable animation modeling, interaction control of the adjustable parameter and so on. An interactive clothing animation method based on physics is studied. According to the content feature of model and animation resources, we design an effective way of storage and provide the interface to adjust the parameters interactively. We build implicit constraint dynamics system, accelerated collision detection and the constrained optimization calculation model, and calculate clothing animation. The simulation based on Unity 3D engine is rendered to present garment animation simulation effect under different virtual light. …
Analysis Of Fuzzy Control Constant Current Charging Characteristic For Breaking And Making Capacitor Of Permanent Magnet Circuit Breaker, Peng Jin, Xianbing Wang, Xiangao Wang, Xichen Ye, Wang Huan
Analysis Of Fuzzy Control Constant Current Charging Characteristic For Breaking And Making Capacitor Of Permanent Magnet Circuit Breaker, Peng Jin, Xianbing Wang, Xiangao Wang, Xichen Ye, Wang Huan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to realize the precise control of breaking and making capacitors constant current charging for the permanent magnet (PM) circuit breaker, a fuzzy constant current charging technology of breaking and making capacitors is put forward. On the basis of analyzing the working characteristics for breaking and making capacitors constant current charging, the membership functions of current deviation e, deviation changing rate ec and output variable u for breaking and making capacitors constant current and fuzzy control rules are set up. The establishment of a two-dimensional lookup table replacing the complex fuzzy control algorithm can effectively improve the …
Design And Realization Of Behavior Tree In Weapon Equipment Virtual Maintenance Training System, Wensheng Xu, Wu Bo, Jianhong Jiang
Design And Realization Of Behavior Tree In Weapon Equipment Virtual Maintenance Training System, Wensheng Xu, Wu Bo, Jianhong Jiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the problem of long development period of virtual maintenance training system for complicated weapon equipment, the 3D modeling, the behavior modeling and the decision modeling of virtual maintenance were studied. The behavior trees design model was applied to analyze, design and develop the system which was tested in the maintenance case of marching tensioning device of a certain weapon equipment. The scripting unit and the running efficiency of the behavior trees model in the case were tested. The test results showed that this design method with behavior tree model has better scalability and model description clarity, and …
Airframe Damage Region Division Evaluation Method Based On Boundary Grid Gradient, Shuyu Cai, Lizhong Shi
Airframe Damage Region Division Evaluation Method Based On Boundary Grid Gradient, Shuyu Cai, Lizhong Shi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to provide decision support for efficiently choosing and evaluating airframe damage region division methods, the characteristic of airframe damage region was analyzed, evaluating indicator of damage image division-boundary grid gradient was established. By introducing entropy method, combining with indicator of boundary grid gradient, the optimization of TOPSIS was presented, and the evaluation system of airframe damage region division was completely established. Airframe damage region division evaluation experiments were performed by different gray level entropy threshold of damage division image. Experimental results showed that, the proposed method efficiently represented division status of damage adjacency region, and avoided the …
Deep Learning Method For Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images With Small Samples, Xiangbin Shi, Zhong Jian, Cuiwei Liu, Liu Fang, Deyuan Zhang
Deep Learning Method For Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images With Small Samples, Xiangbin Shi, Zhong Jian, Cuiwei Liu, Liu Fang, Deyuan Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of large information dimension and fewer labeled training samples of hyperspectral remote sensing images, this paper proposes a hyperspectral remote sensing image classification framework HSI-CNN, which reduces the number of model parameters while maintaining the depth of neural network. Image pattern invariance and spectral channel contribution rate are analyzed, and the spectral redundancy information is reduced by principal component analysis. A full convolution neural network structure suitable for small sample hyperspectral remote sensing images is designed and the amount of network parameters is effectively reduced. Three kinds of HSI-CNN structures are proposed …
Saliency Feature Extraction Method Based On Multi-Scale Region Covariance, Shimin Wang, Jihua Ye, Mingwen Wang, Jiali Zuo, Changhong Liu
Saliency Feature Extraction Method Based On Multi-Scale Region Covariance, Shimin Wang, Jihua Ye, Mingwen Wang, Jiali Zuo, Changhong Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the saliency detection target boundary is vague, the paper proposes a saliency feature extraction method based on multi-scale region covariance. This method firstly extracts the multi-scale features of an image, then combines region covariance to extract the image bottom features, calculates the image’s multi-scale uncertainty weights, and the weights are optimized for the final saliency features, which are obtained by fusion. In the paper, our proposed model compares the experimental results with the commonly used feature extraction algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is closer to the actual …
Vehicle Detection Method In Uav Aerial Video, Suqin Wang, Wenhao Shi, Zhaoxin Li, Tianlu Mao
Vehicle Detection Method In Uav Aerial Video, Suqin Wang, Wenhao Shi, Zhaoxin Li, Tianlu Mao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The use of UAV aerial photography to obtain traffic information has many advantages like a flexible high mobility, comprehensive information and so on, which plays a vital role in the emergency response, anti-terrorism/battlefield and other environments. This paper proposes a method for vehicle detection in UAV aerial video. Aiming at the problem of UAV video image deflection, the image registration method based on SURF algorithm is used to correct the deflection of UAV hatching video according to the standard frame. The background and the moving vehicle are separated by the pixel-based adaptive segmentation algorithm to detect the moving …
Video Action Recognition Based On Key-Frame, Mingxiao Li, Qichuan Geng, Mo Hong, Wu Wei, Zhou Zhong
Video Action Recognition Based On Key-Frame, Mingxiao Li, Qichuan Geng, Mo Hong, Wu Wei, Zhou Zhong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Video action recognition is an important part of intelligent video analysis. In recent years, deep learning methods, especially the two-stream convolutional neural network achieved the state-of-the-art performance. However, most methods simply use uniform sampling to get frames, which may cause the loss of information in sampling interval. We propose a segmentation method and a key-frame extraction method for video action recognition, and combine them with a multi-temporal-scale two-stream network. Our framework achieves a 94.2% accuracy at UCF101 split1, which is the same as the state-of-the-art method’s performance.
A Method Of Key Frame Extraction For Music And Dance Video, Ma Nan, Xiangbin Shi, Dai Qin, Cuiwei Liu, Liu Fang
A Method Of Key Frame Extraction For Music And Dance Video, Ma Nan, Xiangbin Shi, Dai Qin, Cuiwei Liu, Liu Fang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the complicated and redundant action of music and dance video, a method of extracting dance video key frame is proposed. The optical flow of two adjacent image frames in the dance video is calculated. The entropy of each optical flow graph is calculated and the characteristics of the music in the dance video are extracted. The music characteristics are merged with the entropy sequence of the optical flow graph and a sequence of entropy matching with music is obtained. The key frame of dance video is achieved by threshold comparison. The experimental results show that the algorithm …
Multidisciplinary Coupling Simulation System For Multi-Body Separation Process Of Near Space Vehicles, Tie Ming, Fang Hong, Yu Ying, Caihui Yu, Wang Ling, Dongfei Hu
Multidisciplinary Coupling Simulation System For Multi-Body Separation Process Of Near Space Vehicles, Tie Ming, Fang Hong, Yu Ying, Caihui Yu, Wang Ling, Dongfei Hu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The simulation of coupling dynamics from multi-body movement, flow field and structural stress field plays a significant role in the separation system design for a near space vehicle. In this paper, an elastic-body based multidisciplinary and multi-physics coupling simulation approach is proposed for the vehicle separation process. A multidisciplinary separation simulation system is developed, where the dynamic finite element simulation method for stress field, the high performance numerical simulation method for flow field and the multi-body movement simulation are combined. The proposed simulation system provides an efficient and accurate way to verify the separation scheme and the …
Simulation Assessment Of Degradation System Reliability Under Imperfect Maintenance, Haidong Du, Junhai Cao, Shen Ying, Shangru Teng
Simulation Assessment Of Degradation System Reliability Under Imperfect Maintenance, Haidong Du, Junhai Cao, Shen Ying, Shangru Teng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the state change characteristic of degradation system under imperfect maintenance, the common analysis method becomes useless. A simulation method for repairable system is presented. A change rule of system reliability was analyzed and a reliability assessment model was built on the foundation of components degradation process. A simulation tactics based on variable structure modeling was given which is realized through Agent technique. A maintenance optimization example was given for the determination of maintenance opportunity which is used to support the formulation and improvement of maintenance support program for repairable system.
Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun
Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the data of openly published related research papers from 2001 to September 2016, the research progresses on military system analysis and modeling were summarized. The concerning theory and method, research contents, annual developing stage, researchers and institutes, and related journals were analyzed, which contributed to making a knowledge map of the area. A series of challenging issues in the research area was discussed to prompt further research on military system analysis and modeling.
Fractional-Order Memristor Model With Nonlinear Drift Function, Zhaohui Gan, Shiying Zhang, Yuxin Wu
Fractional-Order Memristor Model With Nonlinear Drift Function, Zhaohui Gan, Shiying Zhang, Yuxin Wu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A memristor is a nonlinear resistor with memory. It is regarded as the fourth basic circuit elements. The fractional order model of memristor is an extension of integer order model for memristor. Some researchers have confirmed the existence of fractional order model for memristor, and the response characteristic of the fractional order model excited by different types of signals is analyzed. Based on the analysis of some existing integer order and fractional order models for memristor, a novel fractional order memristor model with nonlinear drift function is proposed, and the response characteristics of fractional order model for memristor with …
Adaptive Feedback Elitist Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Rongyu Li, Liang Dong, Guihong Qi
Adaptive Feedback Elitist Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Rongyu Li, Liang Dong, Guihong Qi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Elitist teaching-learning-based optimization (ETLBO) is a novel optimization algorithm based on the practical teaching-learning process of the class. An adaptive feedback elitist teaching-learning-based optimization (AFETLBO) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of low precision and poor stability of the ETLBO. At the end of the learner phase, student can be divided into the top students and the inferior students dynamically by adding the adaptive feedback phase. In this phase, the inferior students should communicate with the teacher and enable themselves to be close to the teacher quickly so as to strengthen the convergence ability. The top students should …
Trajectory Planning And Interactive Simulation Software Design For Flight Vehicle With Specified Terminal Time, Mingwei Sun, Shunjian Ma, Zengqiang Chen, Chaofang Hu
Trajectory Planning And Interactive Simulation Software Design For Flight Vehicle With Specified Terminal Time, Mingwei Sun, Shunjian Ma, Zengqiang Chen, Chaofang Hu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Specified terminal time is a special requirement in some path planning problems. It is difficult to solve in real time with specified time, angle and multiple no-fly zones considered. A practical path model is utilized, and a nonlinear optimization problem with respect to waypoints is reformulated. The requirements on time, angle and obstacle avoidance for original path planning problem are converted into constraints of the proposed optimization after geometrical relationships are identified. The optimization problem is established and met the form of sequential quadratic programming problem which is solved by SNOPT (Sparse Nonlinear OPTimizer) package. A computer-aid interactive simulation …
Parameter Identification Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On Mutation Coral Reef Algorithm, Dinghui Wu, Huang Xu, Yawei Quan, Zhicheng Ji
Parameter Identification Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On Mutation Coral Reef Algorithm, Dinghui Wu, Huang Xu, Yawei Quan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: High accuracy identification of parameters in Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the basis of controller design. According to the drawbacks of slow speed, big error, and small number of parameters in particle swarm optimization (PSO), least square method, and classical coral reefs optimization (CRO), an improved CRO with Cauchy and Gaussian mutation is proposed to solve the parameter identification problem in PMSM. The mathematical model of PMSM in dq coordinate system is established. The Cauchy and Gaussian mutation operator is introduced to CRO. Both of the two versions are applied for identifying parameters in PMSM, and are …
Dynamic Wear Monitoring Based On Stiffness Simulation Of Aircraft Radial Tire, Wang Hui, Kun Xu
Dynamic Wear Monitoring Based On Stiffness Simulation Of Aircraft Radial Tire, Wang Hui, Kun Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: During the wear monitoring for the aircraft tire, the expansion change on the top of tire crown caused inaccuracy for the monitoring results. Considering the aircraft tire cord with high strength, orthogonal anisotropy and tensile deformation, the main three dimensional nonlinear finite element model of B737-800 passenger aircraft radial tire was built using the Yeoh rubber constitutive model and the Rebar stiffener unit in Abaqus software. The problem of static contact between aircraft tire and road was successfully simulated using adaptive Lagrange algorithm. Radial tire stiffness, ground imprinting, main area of friction losses and sinkage were obtained by …
Stackelberg Game Decision For Lord-Source Associated Day-Ahead Peak Load Regulation, Wenying Liu, Yalong Li, Guo Peng, Anqi Liang, Weizhou Wang
Stackelberg Game Decision For Lord-Source Associated Day-Ahead Peak Load Regulation, Wenying Liu, Yalong Li, Guo Peng, Anqi Liang, Weizhou Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The probability distribution of wind power prediction error is obtained based on direct statistics, and the influence of the error on the day-ahead peak load regulation decision is analyzed. Energy-intensive load and conventional source are combined to improve the system’s dynamic peak load regulation capability. Since the power source and the energy-intensive load belong to different regulation systems and need to be regulated in a non-centralized way, the multi-objective optimization is not suitable and the game theory is adopted. The reliability goal minimizing the risk punishment and the economic goal minimizing the cost of peak load regulation are taken …
Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Pso And Cro Algorithms, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin
Prediction Of Aircraft Cabin Energy Consumption Based On Pso And Cro Algorithms, Xiuyan Wang, Yanmin Liu, Gewen Zhang, Zongshuai Li, Jiaquan Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To meet the requirements of the rapidity and the accuracy of the aircraft cabin energy consumption prediction for bridge-load air conditioner when an aircraft berthing, a forecasting method based on the combination of neural network, particle swarm and coral reef is proposed. The energy consumption prediction model is established based on wavelet neural network, and the prediction model parameters are optimized using the united algorithm of coral reefs and particle swarm optimization. The united algorithm adopts a double-layer structure: the data of the first layer are grouped and optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm for a preliminary optimization, …
Simulation And Analysis Of Atmospheric Effects On Height Deriving From Insar, Xintian Wang, Guowang Jin, Xiong Xin, Hongmin Zhang, Xu Qing
Simulation And Analysis Of Atmospheric Effects On Height Deriving From Insar, Xintian Wang, Guowang Jin, Xiong Xin, Hongmin Zhang, Xu Qing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The atmospheric phase delay caused by tropospheric water vapor (WV) is an important factor to the precision of repeat-pass mode interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). To study the WV effect quantitatively, the regulation of WV effect in repeat-pass InSAR is analyzed and the simulation scheme is designed in which the DEM and WV model is used to simulate InSAR interferogram and WV delay phase, and the derived height is analyzed. The experiment is performed by using systems and baseline parameters of SAR images of Henan;WV effected interferogram is simulated using DEM and vertical layered WV model; and the derived …
Research On Concession Period Performance Of Highway Ppp Project Based On Pavement Maintenance, Zhang Hong, Rongbei Zheng, Wenshan Qiao
Research On Concession Period Performance Of Highway Ppp Project Based On Pavement Maintenance, Zhang Hong, Rongbei Zheng, Wenshan Qiao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: There are long-term dynamic and interactive relationships among highway pavement performance, user satisfaction, maintenance costs and profits, government satisfaction and related decisions in the life cycle pavement maintenance. Based on analyses of dynamic impacts and complexity of stakeholders’ behaviors around the highway pavement maintenance, a system dynamics (SD) model of the concession period performance for the highway public-private-partnership (PPP) project is established. Based on simulation experimental analysis of an example, validation and application of the proposed SD model are illustrated. Through sensitivity analysis, the influences of different stakeholders such as government, private investors, and users on the concession …
Block-Based Evolutionary Algorithm For Permutation Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem, Xiaobing Pei, Zhao Heng
Block-Based Evolutionary Algorithm For Permutation Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem, Xiaobing Pei, Zhao Heng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the permutation flow-shop scheduling problem(PFSP), an effective new global evolutionary algorithm based on block model is developed. The probability model is built based on the information of job position through sample and statistic on the good chromosomes, and the association rule is applied to extract continuous or discontinuous blocks which contain job information respectively. The superiority blocks with position probability model for artificial chromosome combinations are integrated. The disadvantage gene is excavated according to the inferior chromosome and used for the later mutation operation. Two efficient local search methods called position model-based interchange and NEH-based insertion are …
Simulation And Verification Of Feasibility For The Torsional Vibration System Test Scheme, Yin Meng, He Yun, Zhigang Xu, Shixuan Zhang
Simulation And Verification Of Feasibility For The Torsional Vibration System Test Scheme, Yin Meng, He Yun, Zhigang Xu, Shixuan Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To test the loading accuracy of the directional device for the experiment system, a test scheme of torsional vibration system is proposed. To verify the feasibility for assessing the loading accuracy through the test scheme, a dynamics and control system model is established and simulated in the condition of ignoring torsion bar flexibility and friction; an Adams model is established and simulated in consideration of the torsion bar flexibility and friction. Both simulation results are obtained and analyzed. When the load torque amplitude reaches 30Nm, the disturbance torques under a certain frequency are all below 2Nm, which meets …
A Horizon Detection Method Based On Deep Learning And Random Forest, Jihua Ye, Shuxia Shi, Hanxi Li, Jiali Zuo, Shimin Wang
A Horizon Detection Method Based On Deep Learning And Random Forest, Jihua Ye, Shuxia Shi, Hanxi Li, Jiali Zuo, Shimin Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The detection effect of existing horizon line detection methods is greatly affected by the environment, and the computational complexity is high. Aiming at the problem of horizon line detection in complex road scene in real-life, a horizon line detection method based on deep learning and random forest is proposed. The deep learning model is used to extract the depth features, then the obtained depth features are used for random forest training. The results of horizon line detection are obtained by random forest regression-voting. The simulation results show that this method has good detection effect. The detection results are not …
Three-Dimensional Imaging Modeling And Simulation Of Ships Based On Wide-Band Monopulse Radar, Guijie Diao, Xiaojian Xu, Ni Hong, Junjie Lu
Three-Dimensional Imaging Modeling And Simulation Of Ships Based On Wide-Band Monopulse Radar, Guijie Diao, Xiaojian Xu, Ni Hong, Junjie Lu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A three-dimensional imaging model for ship target on sea surface is developed based on wide-band monopulse radar system and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. The time-varying electromagnetic (EM) scattering of ships is calculated according to the SAR geometry and the monopulse antenna model. The signal received by every antenna element is obtained, and then, the time-domain signals in the sum, azimuth and elevation difference channels are established. Through analyzing the three-dimensional image results in different grazing angles, the model validity is demonstrated.