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Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

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Articles 3331 - 3360 of 4209

Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering

Simulation Study On Aerodynamic Characteristics Of Flapping-Wing Aircraft With Multi-Stage Wing And Multiple Degree Of Freedom, Yonggang Yang, Xindong Gu Dec 2019

Simulation Study On Aerodynamic Characteristics Of Flapping-Wing Aircraft With Multi-Stage Wing And Multiple Degree Of Freedom, Yonggang Yang, Xindong Gu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the traditonal flapping-wing aircraft model, most of the wings are two-dimensional rigid wings, and the upswing and downwing processes are completely symmetrical. In order to further improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping-wing aircraft, this paper uses the idea of approximate flexibility to establish the multi-stage wing to achieve the approximate flexibility effect. At the same time, the rapid return characteristic is added to prolong the down-flapping time. And a three-dimensional model of “flutter-twist-bend folding” is proposed by adding the bending-folding motion on the basis of the original movement and twisting motion. The model is imported into Xflow …


Design Of Spatial Agent Simulation Platform Based On Webgis, Zheng Zhong, Zhengyang Chang, Yunfeng Fei Dec 2019

Design Of Spatial Agent Simulation Platform Based On Webgis, Zheng Zhong, Zhengyang Chang, Yunfeng Fei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Task simulation is important in planning of national defense facility system. An architecture with a simulation model system and task data management system scheme is proposed to combine geo-processing service of traditional GIS and Agent simulation to overcome the shortness in temporal analysis and task simulation of traditional GIS. Potential benefits include: shareable simulations, rich spatial analysis resources, and high credibility. Based on that, an experimental Spatial-Agent simulation prototype is developed with WebGIS technology. Taking a transportation task as an example, the feasibility of the design is verified.


Design And Realization Of Uav Inspection And Evaluation Simulation System, Xue Jiang, Junfeng Li, Wang Peng, Xiong Shan, Weixia Feng Dec 2019

Design And Realization Of Uav Inspection And Evaluation Simulation System, Xue Jiang, Junfeng Li, Wang Peng, Xiong Shan, Weixia Feng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the large-scale application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the power grid, the simulation system of UAV is developed, including flight control module, visual simulation module and training evaluation module. The flight control module based on the flight dynamics, is a simulation platform of UAV combining physical remote controller and simulation of the formation. The visual module consists of two parts, modeling the topography of Guangdong Province and automatically modeling the transmission lines. The training evaluation module contains training system of tower acceptance, tree barrier survey, tower survey and evaluation system of winding flight, overtaking defect search. …


Control Optimization Of Hybrid System With Hybrid Power Based On Dp Algorithm, Deng Tao, Haoyuan Yu, Bin Xu Dec 2019

Control Optimization Of Hybrid System With Hybrid Power Based On Dp Algorithm, Deng Tao, Haoyuan Yu, Bin Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the complexity and diversity of energy management for HEV(hybrid electric vehicle) with hybrid power, taking the State of Charge of power battery and ultracapacitor as state variable, the torque distribution ratio between engine and motor, and the power distribution ratio between power battery and ultracapacitor as control variables, the fuel economy and emission performance as objective function, the Dynamic Programming (DP) control strategy for HEV with hybrid power is proposed. The working rules of the engine, motor, battery and ultracapacitor, are extracted from the results, and the rules of engine and motor and the fuzzy control …


Research On Radar Signal Sorting Based On Ensemble Deep Learning, Weidong Jin, Chunli Chen Dec 2019

Research On Radar Signal Sorting Based On Ensemble Deep Learning, Weidong Jin, Chunli Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In view of the fact it is difficult to extract the appropriate features quickly and present signal sorting method’s accuracy is low, a signal sorting method based on ensemble deep learning model is proposed. This method stacks different types of deep belief network for radar emitter signal feature learning to improve algorithm. After learning the characteristics of the radar emitter signals deeply, the posterior probability of each model is linearly integrated and learned and the final classification results are determined by the decision layer to further improve the signal recognition rate. The method is used to separate different …


Dynamic Matching Of Power Transmission Efficiency Of Bulldozer Under Operation Condition, Shengping Fu, Shengbo Li, Luo Ning Dec 2019

Dynamic Matching Of Power Transmission Efficiency Of Bulldozer Under Operation Condition, Shengping Fu, Shengbo Li, Luo Ning

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: When a high-power bulldozer works with the heavy load for a long time, the efficiency of hydraulic mechanical transmission decreases obviously. To solve this problem, the dynamic simulation model of bulldozer power transmission is constructed based on modularization theory. And a dynamic match strategy of guaranteeing the high transmission efficiency is designed. Moreover, a load control model and a throttle opening control model are constructed. And then the optimizing design platform is established to confirm and optimize the PID parameters of load control and throttle opening control model adopting Isight and Matlab software. Eventually, hardware-in-the-loop test is designed and …


Application Of Myo Gesture Recognition Method In Ancient Building Roaming System, Yanping Xue, Xuesong Wang, Zhongke Wu, Xingce Wang, Mingquan Zhou Dec 2019

Application Of Myo Gesture Recognition Method In Ancient Building Roaming System, Yanping Xue, Xuesong Wang, Zhongke Wu, Xingce Wang, Mingquan Zhou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Museum display many exhibits, but its display way is single. The ancient buildings are displayed by texts and pictures, so it cannot bring a realistic experience to the visitors. Therefore, the ancient architectural scene roaming based on Myo combined with virtual reality is proposed. Kaifeng Tower Park is used as an example to achieve the system. In the design, system gets visitors’ acceleration and gyroscope values of forward, turn, squat and stop by wearing Myo. SVM-based gesture recognition algorithm is designed to complete the classification of feature values. Contrast experiment is designed to verify accuracy and efficiency of …


Research On Internal Resistance Monitor System Of Vehicle Fuel Cell Integrated With Dc/Ac/Dc, Deng Jian, Haiquan Lü, Liyan Zhang, Shuhai Quan Dec 2019

Research On Internal Resistance Monitor System Of Vehicle Fuel Cell Integrated With Dc/Ac/Dc, Deng Jian, Haiquan Lü, Liyan Zhang, Shuhai Quan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of complicated and costly on-line impedance monitoring operation of vehicle fuel cells, a test method that can obtain the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of fuel cell by Fourier transformation against output voltage and output current of fuel cell through DC/DC generation of micro-current signal is proposed. This method is integrated in a cascaded system of parallel Boost and DC/AC/DC. The parallel Boost can realize the decoupling of power transmission and disturbance signal, the DC/AC/DC converters can achieve higher boost ratios, which makes the test system more suitable for higher voltage levels such as …


Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control For Robotic Manipulator Based On Disturbance Observer, Gensuo Mi, Huaqi Liang Dec 2019

Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control For Robotic Manipulator Based On Disturbance Observer, Gensuo Mi, Huaqi Liang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A nonlinear sliding mode control strategy of manipulator based on disturbance observer is designed for the characteristics of the manipulator which is sensitive to internal parameter disturbance and the external disturbance in the position tracking. According to the system dynamics model and Lyapunov stability theory, the uncertainties and external disturbances of the system are observed by disturbance observer. At the same time, the nonlinear sliding mode controller is designed and the Lyapunov function is constructed to verify the stability of the system. On this basis, the system control law and the sliding mode control law are designed to compensate …


Two Complementary Methods For Studying Complex Social Systems: Simulation And Game Theory, Laobing Zhang, Qiming Ruan, Xiaogang Qiu Dec 2019

Two Complementary Methods For Studying Complex Social Systems: Simulation And Game Theory, Laobing Zhang, Qiming Ruan, Xiaogang Qiu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Alongside with scientific experiments and theoretic research, scientific computation is the third paradigm for studying our world. Modelling and simulation method is a main technique of scientific computation, focusing on resulting in a suitable model for the research subject. Game theory is a natural choice for modelling intelligent interactions among multiple decision makers, which can provide accurate interaction model for the simulation of complex systems. This paper investigates the application of game theory in military operation simulation and social system simulation. Bottlenecks of the use of game theory in these simulations are pointed out and some future research directions …


A Review Of Modeling Human Travel And Social Contacts For Public Health Management, Duan Wei, Guo Gang, Bin Chen, Duan Hong Dec 2019

A Review Of Modeling Human Travel And Social Contacts For Public Health Management, Duan Wei, Guo Gang, Bin Chen, Duan Hong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: It is significant to understand the patterns of human mobility and social contacts for epidemic prevention and control. This paper analyses the regularities and the statistical properties of human behaviors at the perspective of human dynamics. Various models of human mobility and social contacts are comparatively investigated , including Brownian movement, random walks, spatial network, Motifs, bipartite graph model, gravity models, contact rate, the distribution of daily contact number, social networks, etc. The models of human behavior changes in the course of epidemic outbreak are also analyzed. The challenges of modeling human mobility and social contacts are discussed …


Survey On Modeling And Simulation Of Internet Public Opinion In China, Mingxin Zhang Dec 2019

Survey On Modeling And Simulation Of Internet Public Opinion In China, Mingxin Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Modeling and Simulation of Internet public opinion can analyze the causes of public opinion and its transmission path, track and predict the trend of public opinion, so as to improve the ability of public opinion guidance for its control departments. This paper reviews and analyses the existing research on Modeling and simulation of Internet public opinion. From the point of view of research directions, the current research covers many directions, mainly including the evolution mechanism of Internet public opinion and the effectiveness of guidance mechanism. From the point of view of research methods, domestic research on Internet public opinion …


Modeling And Simulation Of Coordination Relationship Between Rail And Bus Lines, Wang Jian, Danqing Shen, Ziyang Wang Dec 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Coordination Relationship Between Rail And Bus Lines, Wang Jian, Danqing Shen, Ziyang Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: By analyzing the coordination relationship of the collinear edges between the rail lines and the bus lines, the coordination relationship considering the complementation and the competition is defined as the goal of maximizing the utilization rate of resources and capacity matching. After the analysis of the coordination and the competition, the calculation of the coordinated coefficient are presented. Considering the influence of the disruptions on the coordination, an adjustment method of the bus lines is proposed. Taking part of Wuhan City transit network as an example, the results show that the adjusted transit system has a higher degree of …


A Generation Method Of Amf General Files For Heterogeneous Nurbs Volume Parametric Model, Chen Long, Wenyu Han, Xu Gang Dec 2019

A Generation Method Of Amf General Files For Heterogeneous Nurbs Volume Parametric Model, Chen Long, Wenyu Han, Xu Gang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the three-dimensional printing technology of heterogeneous NURBS (Heterogeneous Non-Uniform Rational B-spline, HNURBS) volume parametrization model, a method of generatingthe AMF (Additive Manufacturing File Format) of the three dimensional printing general file is proposed. For the continuous visual expression of material information, theHNURBS volume parametric model is constructed with the control points containing material information which is represented with gray value.According to the subdivision of the NURBS volume parametric model, the HNURBS volume parametric model is subdivided into Isoparametric mesh element. In order to get the triangular mesh for the generation of the AMF files, each …


Track Synthetic Algorithm Based On Modified Fuzzy Theory And D-S Evidence Decision, Zhiwei Wang, Yulan Hu, Shujie Hu, Liu Wei Dec 2019

Track Synthetic Algorithm Based On Modified Fuzzy Theory And D-S Evidence Decision, Zhiwei Wang, Yulan Hu, Shujie Hu, Liu Wei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problems existing in fuzzy reasoning track association, such as the filter divergence, the membership performance degradation, the difficulty in determining association threshold value, and the association effect deterioration under complex circumstances, a track association algorithm based on modified fuzzy theory and D-S Evidence Decision is proposed. Based on the attenuated memory extended Kalman filter (AMEKF), a logarithmic likelihood function adaptive correction method is proposed to correct the disorientation of membership function,and a D-S evidence decision-making tracking association algorithm with conflict resolution and consistent focusing is proposed. The simulation results show that comparing with the original algorithm, …


Research On Topology Mapping Method For Multiscale Integration Network Emulation, Liu Yuan, Changling Qiu, Xiaofeng Wang, Jiang Min Dec 2019

Research On Topology Mapping Method For Multiscale Integration Network Emulation, Liu Yuan, Changling Qiu, Xiaofeng Wang, Jiang Min

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For large-scale and scalable network emulation requirements, multi-scale integration emulation based on lightweight virtualization and full virtualization is the trend. In order to take into account the advantages of both virtualizations and enhance the performance of network emulation, a topology mapping method (TMMI) is proposed for multi-scale integration network emulation. This method divides the network topology into lightweight virtualization mapping area and integration virtualization mapping area, and according to different mapping areas uses the optimized multi-level partitioning method to map the network topology reasonably. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively balance the load and communication overhead …


A Hierarchical Integrated Soft Sensing Modeling Method For Gauss Process Regression, Zhao Shuai, Xudong Shi, Weili Xiong Dec 2019

A Hierarchical Integrated Soft Sensing Modeling Method For Gauss Process Regression, Zhao Shuai, Xudong Shi, Weili Xiong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Chemical processes are often characterized by nonlinearity and multi-phase, a soft sensor model based on the hierarchical ensemble of Gaussian process regression is proposed. First, the Gaussian mixture model is used to divide the process data into different operation phases. Then, the principal component analysis of each stage is carried out, and the model data are divided into several subspaces, according to the contribution of each auxiliary variable in the principal component space, and the corresponding Gaussian process regression model is built. The subspace model output is fused by means to obtain the first level ensemble output. Finally, the …


Research On Fuzzy Adaptive Somatosensory Algorithm For Flight Simulator, Wang Hui, Baofeng Zhang Dec 2019

Research On Fuzzy Adaptive Somatosensory Algorithm For Flight Simulator, Wang Hui, Baofeng Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the dynamic fidelity of flight simulator and make full use of the working space, the corresponding improvement scheme of the classical washout algorithm is proposed based on the Stewart motion platform. A two-way fuzzy adaptive elution algorithm is proposed.The algorithm is more in line with the sensory model of the human body by combining the two-way filtering algorithm improvement and the one-dimensional fuzzy adaptive adjustment to compensate the displacement of the high-pass acceleration channel according to the fuzzy rule. The results show that the improved two-way fuzzy adaptive filtering algorithm improves the displacement space from …


Study On Ecological Compensation Of Three Gorges Basin Based On Evolutionary Game Theory, Guangming Yang, Yanjun Shi Dec 2019

Study On Ecological Compensation Of Three Gorges Basin Based On Evolutionary Game Theory, Guangming Yang, Yanjun Shi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Under the background of the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, based on the evolutionary game theory, the game model of the upstream and downstream governments of the Three Gorges Basin and the central ecological compensation behavior are constructed to analyze the interests appeal and compensation behaviors among the three parties, so as to have a complex interest game relationship in the Yangtze River and analyze the cases of ecological compensation in the Three Gorges Basin. The research shows that without the restriction of central government, it is difficult for the upstream and downstream governments in the …


Research On Vibration Characteristics And Parameters Influence Of A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber, Lilan Liu, Bolin Ren, Guodong Zhu Dec 2019

Research On Vibration Characteristics And Parameters Influence Of A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber, Lilan Liu, Bolin Ren, Guodong Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The bistable nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (BNEVEH) is used as a vibration absorber to absorb harmful vibration and transfer it into useful electric energy. The mechanical model and governing equation of the main system with BNEVEH are established. The effect of Gauss white noise intensity on large amplitude motion is analyzed by simulations. And the effect law of mass ratio and tuning frequency ratio on the vibration reduction of the main system and power generation of bistable vibration absorber under Gauss white noise excitation is analyzed from the point of vibration reduction and vibration energy harvesting. The optimal …


Low-Complexity Signal Detection Algorithm Based On Pgqsm, Fatang Chen, Yang Kang, Yongli Fu, Mengjie Li Dec 2019

Low-Complexity Signal Detection Algorithm Based On Pgqsm, Fatang Chen, Yang Kang, Yongli Fu, Mengjie Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Pre-coding aided Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation (PGQSM) uses the known channel state information to perform pre-coding processing on the in-phase and quadrature signals of the quadrature spatial modulation (QSM), so as to reduce the complexity of the receiver for signal detection. At the same time, an improved Pre-coding aided Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation low complexity detection algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of the proposed algorithm’s high complexity at the receiver. The results of analysis and simulation show that the proposed algorithm can achieve almost the same BER performance as the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm with more than …


Optimized Linear Adrc Control For A Class Of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Xie Tian, Wu Rui Dec 2019

Optimized Linear Adrc Control For A Class Of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Xie Tian, Wu Rui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Linear active disturbance rejection control has many parameters and it is difficult to obtain appropriate parameters. Therefore, a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on cosine decreasing function is proposed in this article for searching optimal LADRC parameters. In this algorithm, cosine decreasing function and updated equation of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined. By using the variable characteristic of cosine decreasing function with the increase of iteration times, the original global optimization ability of quantum particle swarm optimization is retained and its poor local optimization ability is overcome. And the simulation results show that the LADRC optimized …


Gcps Adaptive Scheduling Model Based On Cooperative Executor, Zhang Jing, Chen Yao, Sun Jun, Hongbo Fan Dec 2019

Gcps Adaptive Scheduling Model Based On Cooperative Executor, Zhang Jing, Chen Yao, Sun Jun, Hongbo Fan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the uncertainty of grid cyber physical systems leads to chain failure, an adaptive GCPS dispatching model based on co-actuator is established. First, the constraint conditions of the system are analyzed. A model constraints of GCPS system is presented to describe the constraint conditions of the power system, and it is proved that it meets the consistency of the measure and representing methods. Second, the optimal value of approximation error is solved by PILOT, and the framework of CA-SADM is described. Finally, the performance index, output power accuracy and the influence of fault on the …


Analysis On The Mission Reliability For Auv Based On Monte Carlo Method, Li Juan, Kunyu Zhang, Haibo Li, Lijuan Yang, Mengdi Wang Dec 2019

Analysis On The Mission Reliability For Auv Based On Monte Carlo Method, Li Juan, Kunyu Zhang, Haibo Li, Lijuan Yang, Mengdi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The high reliability of AUV is the necessary condition for it to complete the task satisfactorily and efficiently within the specified time. Traditional fault tree is very convenient for describing the reliability model of the system, but for large and complex system, this will significantly increase the computation of reliability parameters, thus the calculation is difficult. Because it to calculate the reliability parameters of complex systems by the traditional fault tree, this paper adopts the method of combining the minimum cut set of fault tree and Monte Carlo method to establish the reliability model for Underwater Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle …


Dynamic Inventory Routing Optimization Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Jianpin Zhou, Shuliu Zhang Dec 2019

Dynamic Inventory Routing Optimization Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Jianpin Zhou, Shuliu Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the dynamic stochastic inventory routing problem with periodic fluctuation of demand, a novel simulation optimization approach based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to achieving periodic steady strategy. Firstly a dynamic combinatorial optimization model is constructed. Then, by deep reinforcement learning and setting heuristic rules, the replenishment nodes set selection and the replenishment batch allocation weights in each period are determined. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the average profit of a cycle by about 2.7% and 3.9% in low fluctuating demand case and by about 8.2% and 7.1% in high fluctuating …


Corner Localization In Digital Images Based On Radon Transform, Xuguang Wang, Zhang Qin, Su Jie Dec 2019

Corner Localization In Digital Images Based On Radon Transform, Xuguang Wang, Zhang Qin, Su Jie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Location accuracy is one of the key indexes of measuring the performance of feature point.. High location accuracy feature point detection has important implications for the applications such as 3D reconstruction, motion estimation, target tracking and recognition, image registration, etc. A corner location algorithm based on Radon transform is proposed.Edge binary images are obtained with traditional method first, ideal straight lines and curves are extracted then, potential corner locations are calculated next, fake corners are rejected finally. Experimental results on both simulation and real images show that, this method performs better than the existing methods on interest point localization …


Resource Allocation And Task Scheduling Optimization In Cloud-Based Content Delivery Networks With Edge Computing, Yang Peng Dec 2019

Resource Allocation And Task Scheduling Optimization In Cloud-Based Content Delivery Networks With Edge Computing, Yang Peng

Operations Research and Engineering Management Theses and Dissertations

The extensive growth in adoption of mobile devices pushes global Internet protocol (IP) traffic to grow and content delivery network (CDN) will carry 72 percent of total Internet traffic by 2022, up from 56 percent in 2017. In this praxis, Interconnected Cache Edge (ICE) based on different public cloud infrastructures with multiple edge computing sites is considered to help CDN service providers (SPs) to maximize their operational profit. The problem of resource allocation and performance optimization is studied in order to maximize the cache hit ratio with available CDN capacity.

The considered problem is formulated as a multi-stage stochastic linear …


Robust And Self-Synchronous Steganography For Voice-Over-Ip Based On Ldpc Codes, Zhanzhan Gao, Guangming Tang, Haitao Song Nov 2019

Robust And Self-Synchronous Steganography For Voice-Over-Ip Based On Ldpc Codes, Zhanzhan Gao, Guangming Tang, Haitao Song

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: VoIP (Voice over IP) is a kind of voice communication technology based on UDP/IP protocols, so packet loss will inevitably happen when the channel environment deteriorates. Besides that, stego VoIP data flows are real-time and have no head or tail, which pose more challenges to accurately extract the secret messages. This paper proposes a robust and self-synchronous VoIP steganography method, which solves the above two problems under the premise of maintaining good imperceptibility. In this method, low density parity check (LDPC) codes are introduced to preprocess the secret data, and the encoded data are embedded into voice …


No-Collision Curling Trajectory Simulation System, Tian Yu, Xu Ming Nov 2019

No-Collision Curling Trajectory Simulation System, Tian Yu, Xu Ming

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In just a few decades, China’s curling accomplished splendid work. But it’s scientific research falling behind a lot. Applying computer simulation technology in sports training can effectively help the athletes to understand the problems that exist in the training. When curling stone slides on the ice, it can be regarded as two-dimensional motion of rigid body, which can be decomposed into two parts: translation of the center of mass and rotation of a fixed axis around the center of mass. Using computer simulation technology to simulate the curling trajectory, and with the help of this system, the athletes can …


Ground Coverage Stitching Simulation Algorithm For Remote Sensing Satellite, Shuhao Liu, Wang Tong, Zhang Yue Nov 2019

Ground Coverage Stitching Simulation Algorithm For Remote Sensing Satellite, Shuhao Liu, Wang Tong, Zhang Yue

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Ground coverage stitching is the base of remote sensing satellite mission simulation. A coverage stitching simulation algorithm is proposed, considering big time step and attitude maneuver simulation. Transient coverage region is computed by light of view intersection and tangent searching methods. Transient coverage boundaries of different simulation times are stitched by two-dimension convex hull algorithm. Between points of the stitched region polygon edges, new vertexes are interpolated. With the method proposed, limb coverage problem and coverage fusion when time step is large can be solved. Computer simulation results show that the algorithm achieves a fine accuracy and …