Computer Engineering Commons^™

Optimizing Performance And Scalability On Hybrid Mpsocs, Hongyuan Ding

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Hardware accelerators are capable of achieving significant performance improvement. But design- ing hardware accelerators lacks the flexibility and the productivity. Combining hardware accelerators with multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) is an alternative way to balance the flexibility, the productivity, and the performance. However, without appropriate programming model it is still a challenge to achieve parallelism on a hybrid (MPSoC) with with both general-purpose processors and dedicated accelerators. Besides, increasing computation demands with limited power budget require more energy-efficient design without performance degradation in embedded systems and mobile computing platforms. Reconfigurable computing with emerging storage technologies is an alternative to enable the optimization …

Technology Mapping, Design For Testability, And Circuit Optimizations For Null Convention Logic Based Architectures, Farhad Alibeygi Parsan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Delay-insensitive asynchronous circuits have been the target of a renewed research effort because of the advantages they offer over traditional synchronous circuits. Minimal timing analysis, inherent robustness against power-supply, temperature, and process variations, reduced energy consumption, less noise and EMI emission, and easy design reuse are some of the benefits of these circuits. NULL Convention Logic (NCL) is one of the mainstream asynchronous logic design paradigms that has been shown to be a promising method for designing delay-insensitive asynchronous circuits.

This dissertation investigates new areas in NCL design and test and is made of three sections. The first section discusses …

Split-Step Approach To Electromagnetic Propagation Through Atmospheric Turbulence Using The Modified Von Karman Spectrum And Planar Apertures, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Fathi H.A. Mohamed

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The impact of atmospheric phase turbulence on Gaussian beam propagation along propagation paths of varying lengths is examined using multiple random phase screens. The work is motivated by research involving generation and encryption of acousto-optic chaos, and the interest in examining propagation of such chaotic waves through atmospheric turbulence. A phase screen technique is used to simulate perturbations to the refractive index of the medium through the propagation path. A power spectral density based on the modified von Karman spectrum model for turbulence is used to describe the random phase behavior of the medium.

In recent work, results for the …

Homogenous Ensemble Phonotactic Language Recognition Based On Svm Supervector Reconstruction, Wei-Wei Liu, Wei-Qiang Zhang, Michael T. Johnson, Jia Liu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Currently, acoustic spoken language recognition (SLR) and phonotactic SLR systems are widely used language recognition systems. To achieve better performance, researchers combine multiple subsystems with the results often much better than a single SLR system. Phonotactic SLR subsystems may vary in the acoustic features vectors or include multiple language-specific phone recognizers and different acoustic models. These methods achieve good performance but usually compute at high computational cost. In this paper, a new diversification for phonotactic language recognition systems is proposed using vector space models by support vector machine (SVM) supervector reconstruction (SSR). In this architecture, the subsystems share the same …

Detection Of Variable Retention Time In Dram, Neraj Kumar

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis investigates a test method to detect the presence of Variable Retention Time (VRT) bits in manufactured DRAM. The VRT bits retention time is modeled as a 2-state random telegraph process that includes miscorrelation between test and use. The VRT defect is particularly sensitive to test and use conditions. A new test method is proposed to screen the VRT bits by simulating the use conditions during manufacturing test. Evaluation of the proposed test method required a bit-level VRT model to be parameterized as a function of temperature and voltage conditions. The complete 2-state VRT bit model combines models for …

Stable And Metastable Nanowires Displaying Locally Controllable Properties, Eli A. Sutter, Peter Werner Sutter

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

(57) ABSTRACT Vapor-liquid-solid growth of nanowires is tailored to achieve complex one-dimensional material geometries using phase diagrams determined for nanoscale materials. Segmented one-dimensional nanowires having constant composition dis play locally variable electronic band structures that are deter mined by the diameter of the nanowires. The unique electrical and optical properties of the segmented nanowires are exploited to form electronic and optoelectronic devices. Using gold-germanium as a model system, in situ transmis sion electron microscopy establishes, for nanometer-sized Au Ge alloy drops at the tips of Ge nanowires (NWs), the parts of the phase diagram that determine their temperature dependent equilibrium …

Low Cost Infrared And Near Infrared Sensors For Uavs, Samuel T. Aden, James P. Bialas, Zachary Champion, Eugene Levin, Jessica L. Mccarty

Michigan Tech Research Institute Publications

Thermal remote sensing has a wide range of applications, though the extent of its use is inhibited by cost. Robotic and computer components are now widely available to consumers on a scale that makes thermal data a readily accessible resource. In this project, thermal imagery collected via a lightweight remote sensing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to create a surface temperature map for the purpose of providing wildland firefighting crews with a cost-effective and time-saving resource. The UAV system proved to be flexible, allowing for customized sensor packages to be designed that could include visible or infrared cameras, GPS, …

A New Transfer Impedance Based System Equivalent Model For Voltage Stability Analysis, Yang Wang, Caisheng Wang, Feng Lin, Wenyuan Li, Le Yi Wang, Junhui Zhao

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

This paper presents a new transfer impedance based system equivalent model (TISEM) for voltage stability analysis. The TISEM can be used not only to identify the weakest nodes (buses) and system voltage stability, but also to calculate the amount of real and reactive power transferred from the generator nodes to the vulnerable node causing voltage instability. As a result, a full-scale view of voltage stability of the whole system can be presented in front of system operators. This useful information can help operators take proper actions to avoid voltage collapse. The feasibility and effectiveness of the TISEM are further validated …

Cubic Spline Interpolation By Solving A Recurrence Equation Instead Of A Tridiagonal Matrix, Peter Revesz

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

The cubic spline interpolation method is proba- bly the most widely-used polynomial interpolation method for functions of one variable. However, the cubic spline method requires solving a tridiagonal matrix-vector equation with an O(n) computational time complexity where n is the number of data measurements. Even an O(n) time complexity may be too much in some time-ciritical applications, such as continuously estimating and updating the flight paths of moving objects. This paper shows that under certain boundary conditions the tridiagonal matrix solving step of the cubic spline method could be entirely eliminated and instead the coefficients of the unknown cubic polynomials …

Designing A Bayer Filter With Smooth Hue Transition Interpolation Using The Xilinx System Generator, Zhiqiang Li, Peter Revesz

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

This paper describes the design of a Bayer filter with smooth hue transition using the System Generator for DSP. We describe and compare experimentally two different designs, one based on a MATLAB implementation and the other based on a modification of the Bayer filter using bilinear interpolation.

A Game-Theoretic Analysis Of The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Peter Revesz

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Although nuclear non-proliferation is an almost universal human desire, in practice, the negotiated treaties appear unable to prevent the steady growth of the number of states that have nuclear weapons. We propose a computational model for understanding the complex issues behind nuclear arms negotiations, the motivations of various states to enter a nuclear weapons program and the ways to diffuse crisis situations.

Estimating The Flight Path Of Moving Objects Based On Acceleration Data, Peter Revesz

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Inertial navigation is the problem of estimating the flight path of a moving object based on only acceleration measurements. This paper describes and compares two approaches for inertial navigation. Both approaches estimate the flight path of the moving object using cubic spline interpolation, but they find the coefficients of the cubic spline pieces by different methods. The first approach uses a tridiagonal matrix, while the second approach uses recurrence equations. They also require different boundary conditions. While both approaches work in O(n) time where n is the number of given acceleration measurements, the recurrence equation-based method can be easier updated …

A Microfluidic Device For Thermal Particle Detection, Ashwin Kumar Vutha, Benyamin Davaji, Chung-Hoon Lee, Glenn M. Walker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We demonstrate the use of heat to count microscopic particles. A thermal particle detector (TPD) was fabricated by combining a 500-nm-thick silicon nitride membrane containing a thin-film resistive temperature detector with a silicone elastomer microchannel. Particles with diameters of 90 and 200 μm created relative temperature changes of 0.11 and −0.44 K, respectively, as they flowed by the sensor. A first-order lumped thermal model was developed to predict the temperature changes. Multiple particles were counted in series to demonstrate the utility of the TPD as a particle counter.

Developing A Practical Wireless Monitoring Solution For A Size-Constrained, Low-Power, Biomechanical, Sports Telemetry System, Jeffery Ray King

Open Access Theses

As sport-related concussions become more prevalent, the ability to quickly and reliably assess brain injury risk is increasingly essential. Commercially-available systems exist with the goal of assessing the risk of traumatic brain injury in athletes in real-time. These systems utilize a pre-determined acceleration threshold, discarding all captured information below this arbitrary threshold. The use of an event-based model to assess the risk of traumatic brain injury has been shown to be inadequate. Therefore, these systems falsely promote "accurate" real-time communication of risk. Research conducted by the Purdue Neurotrauma Group (PNG) seeks to advance the field by developing a biomechanical sports …

Image Analysis Using Visual Saliency With Applications In Hazmat Sign Detection And Recognition, Bin Zhao

Open Access Dissertations

Visual saliency is the perceptual process that makes attractive objects "stand out" from their surroundings in the low-level human visual system. Visual saliency has been modeled as a preprocessing step of the human visual system for selecting the important visual information from a scene. We investigate bottom-up visual saliency using spectral analysis approaches. We present separate and composite model families that generalize existing frequency domain visual saliency models. We propose several frequency domain visual saliency models to generate saliency maps using new spectrum processing methods and an entropy-based saliency map selection approach. A group of saliency map candidates are then …

Realization And Evaluation Of A 3-Degrees-Of-Freedom Mouse Model, Udayan Umapathi

Open Access Theses

Kinesiology research has shown that translation and rotation are inseparable actions in the real world. Motivated by this fact, this thesis explores a model for the computer mouse, the new addition being rotational input about vertical axis of a mouse. We realize our model through Mushaca, a 3-degrees-of-freedom mouse (3DOF mouse) that can sense rotation, in addition to sensing XY planar translation. The thesis presents two realizations of Mushaca - namely a MEMS version that uses accelerometer and gyroscope, and an optical sensor version that uses two optical sensors. Through a controlled user study we try to find out if …

A Microsoft Vba Application For Generating Heat Maps, Mark Polczynski, Michael Polczynski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A choropleth map is a form of thematic map used to portray the structural characteristics of some particular geographical distribution not apparent in data presented in tabular form. Preparation of a choropleth map starts with the assignment of map features to classes based on the value of a specific feature attribute followed by the association of classes of features with appropriate map colors or symbols. Map features are often geographical regions with naturally or artificially defined boundaries, but choropleth maps can also be prepared by segmenting the area to be mapped into a regular grid of regions. Maps prepared with …

Camera Viewpoint Invariant Vehicular Traffic Segmentation And Classification, Jeffrey B. Flora

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The goal of this intelligent transportation systems work is to develop a computer vision method that is view angle independent for segmenting and classifying vehicular traffic on highway systems. In order to achieve this goal, this work implements an algorithm for vehicle segmentation, feature extraction, and classification using the existing Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) infrastructure on networked traffic cameras. The VDOT traffic video is analyzed for vehicle detection and segmentation using an adaptive Gaussian mixture model algorithm. Speed estimation is performed using a single camera calibration. Size and shape features from morphological properties and texture features from histogram of …

A Paper-Based Calorimetric Microfluidics Platform For Bio-Chemical Sensing, Benyamin Davaji, Chung Hoon Lee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

In this report, a paper-based micro-calorimetric biochemical detection method is presented. Calorimetric detection of biochemical reactions is demonstrated as an extension of current colorimetric and electrochemical detection mechanisms of paper-based biochemical analytical systems. Reaction and/or binding temperature of glucose/glucose oxidase, DNA/hydrogen peroxide, and biotin/streptavidin, are measured by the paper-based micro-calorimeter. Commercially available glucose calibration samples of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.3% wt/vol concentration are used for comparing the device performance with a commercially available glucose meter (electrochemical detection). The calorimetric glucose detection demonstrates a measurement error less than 2%. The calorimetric detection results of DNA concentrations from 0.9 to 7.3 mg/mL …

Application Of Information And Communication Technologies For Historical Research, Michael Polczynski, Mark Polczynski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Applying Data Mining Tools To Archaeological "Big Data", Michael Polczynski, Mark Polczynski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Multi-Objective Tradeoffs In The Design Optimization Of A Brushless Permanent-Magnet Machine With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings, Peng Zhang, Gennadi Y. Sizov, Muyang Li, Dan M. Ionel, Nabeel Demerdash, Steven J. Stretz, Alan W. Yeadon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

In this paper, a robust parametric model of a brushless permanent magnet machine with fractional-slot concentrated windings, which was developed for automated design optimization is presented. A computationally efficient finite-element analysis method was employed to estimate the dq-axes inductances, the induced voltage and torque ripple waveforms, and losses of the machine. A method for minimum effort calculation of the torque angle corresponding to the maximum torque per ampere load condition was developed. A differential evolution algorithm was implemented for the global design optimization with two concurrent objectives of minimum losses and minimum material cost. An engineering decision process based on …

Generalized Approach Of Stator Shifting In Interior Permanent-Magnet Machines Equipped With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings, Patel B. Reddy, Kum-Kang Huh, Ayman M. El-Refaie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Electrical drive systems, which include electrical machines and power electronics, are a key enabling technology for advanced vehicle propulsion systems that reduce the petroleum dependence of the ground transportation sector. To have significant effect, electric drive technologies must be economical in terms of cost, weight, and size while meeting performance and reliability expectations. Interior permanent magnet machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings have been shown to be good candidates for hybrid traction applications. One of the key challenges is the additional stator magnetomotive force sub- and superharmonic components that lead to higher losses in the rotor as well as saturation effects. …

Comparative Assessment Of Diverse Strategies For Malaria Vector Population Control Based On Measured Rates At Which Mosquitoes Utilize Targeted Resource Subsets, Gerry F. Killeen, Samson Sifael Kiware, Aklilu Seyoum, John E. Gimnig, George Corliss, Jennifer Stevenson, Christopher J. Drakeley, Nakul Chitnis

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Eliminating malaria requires vector control interventions that dramatically reduce adult mosquito population densities and survival rates. Indoor applications of insecticidal nets and sprays are effective against an important minority of mosquito species that rely heavily upon human blood and habitations for survival. However, complementary approaches are needed to tackle a broader diversity of less human-specialized vectors by killing them at other resource targets.

Methods

Impacts of strategies that target insecticides to humans or animals can be rationalized in terms of biological coverage of blood resources, quantified as proportional coverage of all blood resources mosquito vectors utilize. Here, this concept …

Efficient Fpga Architectures For Separable Filters And Logarithmic Multipliers And Automation Of Fish Feature Extraction Using Gabor Filters, Arjun Kumar Joginipelly

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Convolution and multiplication operations in the filtering process can be optimized by minimizing the resource utilization using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and separable filter kernels. An FPGA architecture for separable convolution is proposed to achieve reduction of on-chip resource utilization and external memory bandwidth for a given processing rate of the convolution unit.

Multiplication in integer number system can be optimized in terms of resources, operation time and power consumption by converting to logarithmic domain. To achieve this, a method altering the filter weights is proposed and implemented for error reduction. The results obtained depict significant error reduction when …

Model-Free Method Of Reinforcement Learning For Visual Tasks, Jeff S. Soldate, Jonghoon Jin, Eugenio Culurciello

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

There has been success in recent years for neural networks in applications requiring high level intelligence such as categorization and assessment. In this work, we present a neural network model to learn control policies using reinforcement learning. It takes a raw pixel representation of the current state and outputs an approximation of a Q value function made with a neural network that represents the expected reward for each possible state-action pair. The action is chosen an \epsilon-greedy policy, choosing the highest expected reward with a small chance of random action. We used gradient descent to update the weights and biases …

Improved Microrobotic Control Through Image Processing And Automated Hardware Interfacing, Archit R. Aggarwal, Wuming Jing, David J. Cappelleri

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Untethered submilliliter-sized robots (microrobots) are showing potential use in different industrial, manufacturing and medical applications. A particular type of these microrobots, magnetic robots, have shown improved performance in power and control capabilities compared to the other thermal and electrostatic based robots. However, the magnetic robot designs have not been assessed in a robust manner to understand the degree of control in different environments and their application feasibility. This research project seeks to develop a custom control software interface to provide a holistic tool for researchers to evaluate the microrobotic performance through advance control features. The software deliverable involved two main …

Adjustable Resonance Frequency Of Rf-Mems Capacitor By Using Comb- Drive Actuators: A Design Approaches, Agus Santoso Tamsir, Sandy Tannu Wijaya, Dato’ Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis

Makara Journal of Technology

The needs of smaller size RF varactor is a must today, and MEMS comes to be the potential one. In this paper we proposed an adjustable resonance RF-MEMS varactor by using comb-drive actuators placing in each side of the square movable plate. In our preliminary simulation, we found that the device can work properly but some constraints comes such as the dominancies of harmonic resonance frequencies that influences into the nominal capacitances. Therefore for the next step of development we have to find out the window of the structural dimension for a certain spans and a certain operating frequencies.

Make Or Buy Analysis Model Based On Tolerance Design To Minimize Manufacturing Cost And Quality Loss, Cucuk Nur Rosyidi, Reza Rizkichani Akbar, Wakhid Ahmad Jauhari

Makara Journal of Technology

In a manufacturing company, manufacturing costs, or component prices, and tolerance will affect the price and the quality of a product. Companies must produce high-quality products with low manufacturing costs in order to keep their products competitive in the market; however, it is difficult to produce a high-quality product with a low manufacturing cost. Companies have difficulties in determining the components to be produced using their own manufacturing facilities (make) or outsourced to their suppliers (buy). Hence, a make or buy analysis is needed to minimize the manufacturing costs and quality loss and to determine the optimum alternative regarding make …

Observation Of Tunneling Effects In Lateral Nanowire Pn Junctions, Sri Purwiyanti, Arief Udhiarto, Daniel Moraru, Takeshi Mizuno, Djoko Hartanto, Michiharu Tabe

Makara Journal of Technology

As electronic device dimensions are continuously reduced, applied bias conditions significantly change and the transport mechanisms must be reconsidered. Tunneling devices are promising for scaled-down electronics because of expected high-speed operation and relatively low bias. In this work, we investigated the tunneling features in silicon-oninsulator lateral nanowire pn junction and pin junction devices. By controlling the substrate voltage, tunneling features can be observed in the electrical characteristics. We found that the minimum substrate voltage required for tunneling to occur in pn junctions is higher as compared with pin junctions. The main cause of these effects relies in the difference between …