Transportation Engineering Commons^™

Fifth Annual Performance Survey Of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culverts, Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

For many years, engineers have sought a simplified method for determining the strength requirements for underground conduits under various conditions of bedding and backfilling. Methods of installation and the general lack of a uniform design criteria tended to restrict the usefulness of rigid pipe culverts. With the advent of the interstate construction program and the increased mileage of highways meeting high design standards, the number of pipe culverts installed under high fills was significantly increased. This, of course, accented even more so the need for a more straightforward criteria for design and installation of rigid pipe in order that maximum …

Laboratory Test Results On Concrete Mixtures Containing Water-Reducing, Set-Retarding Admixtures, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This Special Provision covers the requirements for materials and construction procedures for water-reducing, set-retarding admixtures to be used in the construction of concrete bridge superstructures.

Freeze-Thaw Characteristics Of Aggregates, George R. Laughlin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Premature deterioration of concrete under freezing and thawing conditions is often attributable to the aggregate fraction. Past research has shown that the freeze-thaw characteristics of aggregate are related, in a general way, to such properties as: 1) porosity, 2) absorption, and 3) bulk specific gravity. Actually it is the pore system--that is, the size, shape, arrangement and continuity of the pores--that governs the freeze-thaw characteristics. Distress in aggregate particles arises from hydrostatic pressure induced when a portion of its absorbed pore-water is frozen. The degree of distress or damage manifested is dependent upon the amount of permeable porosity, the degree …

Accelerometer Method Of Riding-Quality Testing, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

At a meeting of Highway Research Board Committee D-B4 last January, R. L. Rizenbergs presented an oral description of our development of the accelerometer method of measuring road roughness; and representatives from several state highway departments expressed an interest in duplicating our instrumentation. It became incumbent upon us then to prepare a more formal description for distribution to the Committee and other interested parties. The report submitted herewith is intended to fulfill that purpose. No specific action is requested. Copies are furnished for information only.

Construction And Interim Performance Of Silica Sand-Asphalt Surfacing, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The report submitted herewith emanates from continuing efforts to develop sand-asphalt surfacing to a high degree of perfection and as a possible alternative to Class I, Type A, bituminous concrete surfaces. This type of surface excels in skid-resistance and may evolve as a preferred method of surface renewal and de-slicking for worn pavements which are otherwise structurally substantial. This report is concerned principally with observations afforded by the aforenamed, State construction project; it is, in that sense, an interim report.

Experimental Concrete Pavement Containing Fly Ash Admixtures [1965], Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A 2.388-mi section of four-lane highway in Louisville, Ky., was selected for an experimental fly ash concrete pavement installation. The project was divided into three sections: a control section and two experimental sections containing 94 and 140 lb of fly ash per cubic yard, respectively. The solid-volume of fly ash in excess of that required to replace one sack of cement was considered as fine aggregate. The water was adjusted to provide a slump of approximately 2½ in., and an air-entraining admixture was proportioned at the mixer to provide an air content of approximately 4.5 percent.

Beams and cylinders were …

Experimental Feature, Construction Project F 160(10), U.S. 127, Mercer County, Experimental Guardrail Installations And Performance Studies, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The report submitted herewith pertains to an experimental installation of aluminum guardrails which was completed in February, 1963. Progress reports, as required by PPM's 60-2 and 50-1.1, have been pending since the project began; however, all of the eligible information has been combined into the current report. Of course, long-time performance histories cannot yet be documented; and, for that reason, the report is considered to be interim rather than final.

Use Of Kentucky Rock Asphalt For De-Slicking Purposes, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

According to Joe Creason's report appearing in the Courier-Journal June 23, 1957 (copy attached), the Kentucky Rock Asphalt Company elected, June 14, 1957, to liquidate. Among the assets was a stockpile of material which was valued at $197,000 (I recall that the stated price, F.O.B. Sweden, in 1955 was $7.00 per ton); this calculates to be 28,140 tons-- which is a small quantity in comparison to the gross production (200,000 to 275,000 tons; $1.2 to $1.75 million) during some prior years. Apparently 1956 was the last year of sales, and I believe that Kentucky was the sole purchaser. Perhaps as …

Camber Design Study For Concrete Pipe Culvert, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

When a pipe culvert is constructed on or near the natural ground surface and covered by a highway fill or embankment, the weight of the embankment compresses and consolidates the foundation soil, settlement occurs, and the culvert subsides and sags below the original grade line. Experience has shown that culverts which become clogged with silt and debris, become disjointed and faulted, leak, become undermined, and endanger the stability of the embankment. These and other damages attendant to settlement restrict the flow of water, prevent adequate inspection of the structure, and may eventually require extensive maintenance or complete replacement of the …

Construction Of A Class I, Type A Surface Containing Paradise Slag Aggregate (Experimental) Drakesboro-Paradise Road (Ky 176), Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Drakesboro-Paradise Road (KY 176), extending 2.84 miles from its junction with KY 70 at Drakesboro to a point on KY 176 approximately 1.8 miles southwest of Paradise, was surfaced in early August with a 1 1/4-in, course of Class I, Type A bituminous concrete containing 40 percent wet-bottom-boiler slag from the T.V.A. power plant at Paradise, Kentucky. The use of the slag was on an experimental basis, and the objective was to determine the feasibility of utilizing the slag as an anti-skid aggregate in other, high-type,bituminous surfacing in that area. A laboratory investigation preceded the field experiment, and the …

Manufactured (Crushed), Limestone, Fine Aggregate For Portland Cement Concrete, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Manufactured (crushed), limestone, fine aggregate for use in structural concrete, concrete base courses for pavements, or as may otherwise be designated, shall be manufactured by crushing and sizing aggregate-quality limestones and dolomites. Manufactured (crushed), limestone, fine aggregate shall not be used in concrete surface courses for pavements or bridge decks unless specifically authorized by the Engineer.

Use Of Preformed, Compressed, Neoprene Seals In Joints Of Concrete Bridge Decks, Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Two types of seals are proposed for installation in contraction and construction joints in Ramp A, Ramp B, and the Main-Line structures from Third Street to Preston Street on Project I64-2(24)4, Jefferson County. The majority of contraction and construction joints are to be sealed with the preformed, compressed, neoprene seals. Specific joints in each structure will be sealed with cold-applied, elastomeric-type, joint-sealing compound; and these will be used as control joints for evaluation of the preformed, compressed, neoprene seals. Installation of all seals will be observed, and inspections will be made periodically. The performance of mastic-type sealants in joints in …

Annual Report Fiscal Year 1963-64, Kentucky Highway Materials Research Laboratory

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Kentucky Rock Asphalt, Traffic-Bound Bases, George R. Laughlin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky rock asphalt (a medium-grained quartz sandstone impregnated with natural bitumen) occurs as major deposits in Edmonson, Grayson, Hardin, Breckinridge, Logan and Warren Counties. Physiographically these deposits occur along the southeastern margin of the Western Coal Field. Geologically the Caseyville formation (particularly the Bee Spring member) of the Pottsville series of the Pennsylvania strata and the Hardinsburg and Cypress sandstones of the Middle Chester series of the Mississippian strata are of interest. The areal geology of Kentucky is shown in Figure 1 and the locations of rock asphalt deposits are depicted in Figure 2.

Final Construction And Interim Performance Report: Experimental Use Of Thermoplastic Pavement-Striping Materials, James H. Havens, John W. Scott

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purposes and objectives of this study are: 1) to evaluate the application and performance characteristics of hot-melt plastic, pavement-striping materials which are presently prominent and known commercially as "Catatherm" and "Perma-Line"; 2) to compare the performance of these materials with the performance of painted stripes applied and re-newed according to the current practices of the Kentucky Department of Highways; and 3) to evaluate the economics of these striping materials in terms of cost-per-pile per-day-of-useful-life. The project is described more fully in the "Proposal..." (approved by Division Engineer, September 7, 1962) and in Report No. 1 (Pre-Construction Report) submitted September …

Performance Of Initial Treatments, Constructed During 1963, James H. Havens, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Seventeen initial bituminous treatment projects were advertised for bids during 1963, which permitted bituminous concrete Class I Surface (hot-mix) as an alternate to Class C-1 Surface (road-mix). The hot-mix surface course was to contain a minimum of 6 percent PAC-9. Eleven of the contracts, totaling 38.841 miles in length, were awarded as hot-mix; and the remaining six contracts, totaling 18.12 miles in length, were awarded as road-mix.

Kentucky Highway Research Program, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Weighing Vehicles In Motion [1964], College Of Engineering, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report describes the construction, installation, testing and performance analysis of three types of dynamic electronic scales; the Taller-Cooper, a commercially developed four load cell scale, the Broke Bridge, an adaptation of a German prototype employing two load cells and the Bean Type Scale, an experimental prototype that uses a pair of instrumented aluminum beams as the weight sensors.

Proposed Special Specification For Manufactured (Crushed) Limestone, Fine Aggregate For Use In Portland Cement Concrete, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Inspection Of Salt-Treated Granular Bases, Multiple Seals, District 8, James H. Havens, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

A Laboratory Investigation Of The Properties Of Coal-Bitumen Paving Mixtures, Gary Grant Howard

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The principal objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using coal, and to a lesser extent coal mine wastes, as aggregate in bituminous paving mixtures. These local aggregates were laboratory tested in bitumen-aggregate mixtures and, more particularly, in so-called cold-mixes. The bitumen-aggregate mixtures were evaluated by the Immersion-Compression Test, ASTM D 1075-60, with modifications for cold mixtures recommended in the Public Roads Journal (4).

In this initial study, since it was not possible to evaluate all types of mixtures, the primary question of whether coal and its waste products can be used as road aggregate could not …

A Study Of The Effects Of Quick Freezing On Saturated Fragments Of Rocks, John W. Scott, George R. Laughlin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Quick freezing of a fragment of rock which is fully saturated with water is, perhaps, the most rigorous of all tests for soundness, durability, or resistance to weathering. So-called soundness or quality tests employed currently, or heretofore, for evaluating concrete aggregates are usually less rigorous inasmuch as the state of saturation at the outset of freezing is not at a critical level. Hence, the number of freeze-thaw cycles endured by a rock specimen undergoing freezing and thawing in the presence of available water may merely reflect the duration of the exposure before the rock becomes vulnerable to damage -- i.e., …

A Rheological Investigation Of Asphaltic Materials, W. A. Mossbarger Jr.

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Asphalts, serving as cements or binders in bituminous pavements, behave essentially as purely viscous, mobile, liquids at high temperatures and assume varying degrees of viscoelasticity, plasticity, elasticity, etc., upon cooling. They stiffen to a semi-solid state at cold temperature and do not. exhibit a discrete melting or freezing point, Saal (1)* classifies bitumens into three types according to their rheological properties at normal temperatures. They are: 1) those which behave entirely or almost entirely like Newtonian liquids, 2) those which show elastic effects during initial deformation and which exhibit Newtonian flow thereafter, and 3) those which show almost complete resilience …

Fourth Annual Performance Survey Of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culverts, Ronald D. Hughes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A stylized, rational criterion for the structural design and installation of reinforced concrete pipe culverts was developed by the Bureau of Public Roads in cooperation with Prof. M. G. Spangler of Iowa State College and the American Concrete Pipe Association and was distributed to the various state highway agencies, April 4, 1957, as Circular Memorandum 22-40.* The criterion was intended to bring together and simplify methods for computing the strengths required for various fill heights and conditions of bedding. The several highway agencies were urged to adopt the criterion for use on all Federal-aid projects and accordingly, the Kentucky Department …

Status Report On Landslide Area On I-75, Covington, Kentucky [August 1963], Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report has been prepared to describe the conditions of the landslide area on Interstate Route I-75 in Covington, Kentucky, since May 15, 1963, the date of an earlier status report. Subsurface data which has been collected and assembled during the past three months is also included. Possible corrective considerations have also been included in this report.

The rainfall data included in this report, as well as the previous status report (May 15, 1963), are the official 24-hour precipitation recorded by the U. S. Weather Bureau at the Greater Cincinnati Airport in Boone County, Kentucky. The airport is located approximately …

Interim Report On Rural Secondary, Base Stabilization Projects, Robert C. Deen, J. D. Shackelford

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Early in 1962, the Division of Rural Highways selected several base stabilization projects for construction during the 1962 season. These projects were to involve the addition of 1-1/2 to 3 inches of compacted granular base to existing, rural secondary, traffic-bound macadam roads. Since these roads were not intended to be surfaced, calcium chloride and sodium chloride were to be added to the additional granular base material in an attempt to retain or "hold" the aggregate on the road. This treatment was in tended to improve the road and to build up the base over a period of a few years …

Status Report On Landslide Area On I-75, Covington, Kentucky [May 1963], Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report has been prepared to describe the history and present condition of a landslide area on Interstate Route I-75 in Covington, Kentucky, This landslide is one of several to be studied as part of a research project on the "Development of a Practical Method of Locating and Tracing Seepage Water in Unstable Slopes. " On April 10, 1963, a request was submitted to the Bureau of Public Roads to change the Work Program HPS-1(24) to include this research project. Approval was received on May 2, 1963. Work done on this research project prior to May 2 was at Department …

Experimental Use Of Thermo-Plastic Pavement-Striping Materials, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purposes and objectives of this experimental study are: 1) to evaluate the application and performance characteristics of hot-melt plastic, pavement-striping materials which are presently prominent and known commercially as "Catatherm" and "Perma-Line"; 2) to compare the performance of these materials with the performance of painted stripes applied and re-newed according to the current practices of the Kentucky Department of Highways; and 3) to evaluate the economics of these striping materials in terms of cost-per-mile per-day-of-useful-life, The project is described more fully in the "Proposal... " (approved by Division Engineer, September 7, 1962) and in Report No. 1 (Pre-Construction Report) …

Inspection-Performance Report; Plant-Mix, Initial Treatment; Morgantown-Woodbury Road, Butler County, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Slurry Seal Maintenance And Test Applications Of 1962, Robert L. Florence

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.