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Articles 31 - 60 of 109
Full-Text Articles in Structural Engineering
Screw Connections Subject To Tension Pull-Out And Shear Forces, R. M. Francka, R. A. Laboube
Screw Connections Subject To Tension Pull-Out And Shear Forces, R. M. Francka, R. A. Laboube
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Currently, the behavior of screw connections subject to combined tension pull- out and shear forces is not well understood. An experimental study was conducted at Missouri Un iversity of Science and Technology to better understand the relationship or interac tion between these forces. The test program evaluated four parameters that may influence the behavior of pure tension and pure shear in screw connections: the thickness of the sheet not in contact with the screw head, the ultimate strength of the steel, the ductility of the steel, and the screw diameter. Based on the behavior observed and analysis of the test …
Shear Behavior Of Screw Connections For Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Structures, Yuangqi Li, Xingyou Yao
Shear Behavior Of Screw Connections For Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Structures, Yuangqi Li, Xingyou Yao
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Self-drilling screws are the primary mean s to fasten cold-formed thin-walled steel members in construction. There are several failure modes for shear connections with self-drilling screws, including screw tilting, hole bearing, edge tearing, tensile fracture in net s ection of connected elements and shear fracture of screws. Meanwhile, the “g roup effect” will exist when a large number of screws are used in a shear connection. A series of tests (75 specimens) on single lap shear connections with self-drilling screws has been carried out and the results report ed in this paper. The end distance, screw spacing, pattern of screws …
Single Shear Bolted Connection Tests Of G500 1.20mm Thin Sheet Steel At Elevated Temperatures, Shu Yan, Ben Young
Single Shear Bolted Connection Tests Of G500 1.20mm Thin Sheet Steel At Elevated Temperatures, Shu Yan, Ben Young
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The current design rules on bolted connections of thin sheet steels for cold-formed steel structures are applicable for ambient temperature condition only. Research on such kind of connections at high temperatures is limited. In this study, 47 single shear bolted connection specimens fabricated from G500 1.20mm thin sheet steel and 9 coupon specimens were conducted by using steady state test method in the temperature range from 22ºC to 900ºC. Two failure modes were observed in the single shear bolted connection tests, namely the net section tension, and bearing . The test results were compared with the predicted values calculated from …
Strength Prediction Model For Power Acutated Fasteners Connecting Steel Members In Tension And Shear-North American Applications, J. R. Ubejd Mujagic, Perry S. Green, William G. Gould
Strength Prediction Model For Power Acutated Fasteners Connecting Steel Members In Tension And Shear-North American Applications, J. R. Ubejd Mujagic, Perry S. Green, William G. Gould
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Power-actuated fasteners (PAFs), also referred to as pins, are small nail-like or threaded stud t ype connectors. They can be used in conjunction with several materials and in a number of different applications. Typical applications in steel include attachments of deck sh eeting or diaphragms, architectural or mechanical components, or miscellaneous support brackets or connections to supporting steel members. Traditionally, the design strength of the connections featuring power-actuated fasteners has been determined through standardized testing protocols. In the United States, this protocol is embodied in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard E 1190. The purpose of this …
Study On The Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Angle Tension Members, R. Padmapriya, S. Kandasamy
Study On The Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Angle Tension Members, R. Padmapriya, S. Kandasamy
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Cold-formed steel tension members with bolted end connections are frequently used in a variety of structures such as trusses, transmission towers etc. Among all the shapes, angles are widely used. When angle sections are connected with gusset plates and eccentrically loaded, their ultimate load- carrying capacity is influenced by the effect of shear lag. This paper presents the details of an experimental and numerical investigation with a primary objective of studying the effect of shear lag on cold-formed steel single and double angles subjected to tension. Seventy-two single plain and lipped angles made from thicknesses 2,3 and 4 mm connected …
Test And Finite Element Analysis On Distortional Buckling Of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Lipped Channel Columns, Xingyou Yao, Yanli Guo, Zhiguang Huang
Test And Finite Element Analysis On Distortional Buckling Of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Lipped Channel Columns, Xingyou Yao, Yanli Guo, Zhiguang Huang
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
High-strength cold-formed thin-walled steel sections have been widely used in the recent several years. However, distortional buckli ng or interaction between it and local buckling can occur for high strength cold-formed thin- walled steel members. This paper desc ribes a series of compression tests performed on lipped channel section columns with V-shape intermediate stiffener in the web and flanges fabricated from cold-formed high strength steel of thickness 0.48 and 0.6mm with nominal yield stress 550MPa. The lipped channel sections were tested to failure with both ends of the columns fixed. The test results of 16 specimens show that the local …
Feasibility Study For A Repetitive Member Factor For Cold-Formed Steel Framing Systems, S. Clayton, S. F. Stephens
Feasibility Study For A Repetitive Member Factor For Cold-Formed Steel Framing Systems, S. Clayton, S. F. Stephens
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Cold-formed steel has become a preferred building material for structural framing in many different types of structures, commonly used as repetitive members such as floor joists, roof rafters, roof trusses and wall studs. For wood framed structures with repetitive members, a repetitive member factor increases the allowable bending stress from 1.00 to 1.50 times the reference design value, depending on both the type of material and the type of load. Currently, however, the bending strength of cold-formed steel repetitive members is not permitted to be increased, even though the method of framing is quite similar to that of wood except …
Improvements To The Fire Performance Of Light Gauge Steel Floor Systems, B. Baleshan, M. Mahendran
Improvements To The Fire Performance Of Light Gauge Steel Floor Systems, B. Baleshan, M. Mahendran
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Light gauge steel frame (LSF) struct ures are increasingly used in commercial and residential build ings because of their non- combustibility, dimensional stability and ease of installation. A common application is in floor-ceiling systems. The LSF floor-ceiling systems must be designed to serv e as fire compartment boundaries and provide adequate fire resistance. Fire-rated floor-ceiling assemblies have been increasingly used in buildings. However, limited research has been undertaken in the past and hence a thorough understanding of their fire resistance behaviour is not available. Recently a new composite floor-ceilin g system has been developed to provide higher fire rating. But …
Overview Of Recent Changes And Additions To Aisi Standards, Helen Chen, Roger Brockenbrough, Richard Haws
Overview Of Recent Changes And Additions To Aisi Standards, Helen Chen, Roger Brockenbrough, Richard Haws
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Since the publication of the 2007 edit ions of AISI standards, changes and additions have been made to some of the standards. This paper will provide an overview of the majo r revisions to those standards.
Review Of Aisi Design Guide For Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Roof Framing Systems-Component Stiffness Method, Michael W. Seek
Review Of Aisi Design Guide For Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Roof Framing Systems-Component Stiffness Method, Michael W. Seek
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper reviews the Component Stiffness Method for determining anchorage forces in roof systems as presen ted in Chapter 5 of the new AISI Design Guide for Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Roof Framing Systems . The four steps in the general methodology of the component stiffness method are presented. First, the development of forces requiring an chorage in purlin roof systems is discussed. Next, calculation of the stif fness of each of the components of the roof system and the procedure for distributing these forces through the system is presented. The final step, evaluation of the effectiveness of the anchors in …
Steel Roof Deck Diaphragms On Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Thomas Sputo
Steel Roof Deck Diaphragms On Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Thomas Sputo
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
No abstract provided.
Experimental Evaluation Of A Vehicular Access Door Subjected To Hurricane Force Wind Pressures, Tian Gao, Christopher D. Moen
Experimental Evaluation Of A Vehicular Access Door Subjected To Hurricane Force Wind Pressures, Tian Gao, Christopher D. Moen
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper describes an experimental study of a rolling sheet door under uniform positive and negative pressure, i.e. wind pushing the door into the building and wind suction pulling the door out of the building. Rolling sheet vehicular access doors are a commonly provided feature in metal building systems. The edges of the door slide freely during regular usage in tracks connected to cold-formed steel jambs. During an extreme wind event, the door engages the jambs with wind locks distributed along both vertical edges of the door to prevent excessive out-of-plane deformation. The goal of the study was to measure …
Experimental Investigation On 6 Feet Wide Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Walls With Steel Sheet Sheathing, Cheng Yu, Yujie Chen
Experimental Investigation On 6 Feet Wide Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Walls With Steel Sheet Sheathing, Cheng Yu, Yujie Chen
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
An AISI sponsored research project on the performance of 6 feet wide cold- formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls with single sided steel sheet sheathing is recently completed at the Un iversity of North Texas. This research project is aimed at determining the required seismic detailing for 6 feet wide 8 feet high CFS shear walls using two steel sheets, one is 4 feet wide, and the other is 2 feet wide. Both monotonic and cyclic tests are conducted and various parameters in the framing and sheathing details are considered in the test program. Those parameters include framing member thickne …
Innovative Damage Control Systems Using Replaceable Energy Dissipating Steel Fuses For Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Fuminobu Ozaki, Yoshimichi Kawai, Hiroshi Tanaka, Tadayoshi Okada, Ryoichi Kanno
Innovative Damage Control Systems Using Replaceable Energy Dissipating Steel Fuses For Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Fuminobu Ozaki, Yoshimichi Kawai, Hiroshi Tanaka, Tadayoshi Okada, Ryoichi Kanno
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper describes the development of innovative seismic technologies for cold-formed steel structures; a rocking steel shear wall system with replaceable energy dissipating steel fuses for low rise housing units. In this system, the fuses are placed at the base of a folded-steel sheet wall connecting an anchor bolt and the steel sheet wall. It is designed so that most of the earthquake energy can be dissipated by plastic deformation of the fuse elements, while the shear wall remains intact and resists vertical and horizontal forces caused by large earthquakes. As expected in seismic events, the fuses at the base …
Shear Behaviors Of Light-Gauge Composite Walls Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loading, Yuangqi Li, Fei Liu, Zuyan Shen, Xingyou Yao
Shear Behaviors Of Light-Gauge Composite Walls Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loading, Yuangqi Li, Fei Liu, Zuyan Shen, Xingyou Yao
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Shear properties of cold-formed thin-walled steel composite walls are af- fected by many factors, including the section of light-gauge studs, the space of self-drilling screws, the panel on both sides of wall, the distribution of hold down device, etc, which makes it is difficult to estimate the shear strength. In this paper, twelve Q345 light-gauge composite wall specimens with a dimension of 2400mm wide and 3000mm high were designed for shear capacity test. Two kinds of panel combination in the specimens were considered, one is gypsum board on one side and OSB board on another side, the other is gypsum …
20th International Specialty Conference: Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
20th International Specialty Conference: Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
No abstract provided.
Simulation On The Use Of Losat Data For Rice Field Mapping, Bambang H. Trisasongko, Dyah R. Panuju, Boedi Tjahjono, Baba Barus, Hari Wijayanto, Mahmud A. Raimadoya, Irzaman Irzaman
Simulation On The Use Of Losat Data For Rice Field Mapping, Bambang H. Trisasongko, Dyah R. Panuju, Boedi Tjahjono, Baba Barus, Hari Wijayanto, Mahmud A. Raimadoya, Irzaman Irzaman
Makara Journal of Technology
Simulation on the Use of LOSAT Data for Rice Field Mapping. Since the launch of LAPAN-TUBSAT satellite in 2007, Indonesia has been developing mission on earth observation missions for various applications. The next generation mission, called LAPAN-ORARI Satellite (LOSAT), is currently under development and expected to be launched in 2011. In order to facilitate the applications, a thorough assessment of the sensor should be made. This paper presents an examination of simulated LOSAT data for rice monitoring and mapping purposes coupled with QUEST statistical tree. We found that three-band simulated LOSAT data were suitable for the task with reasonably high …
An Empirical Model For Build-Up Of Sodium And Calcium Ions In Small Scale Reverse Osmosis, Subriyer Nasir
An Empirical Model For Build-Up Of Sodium And Calcium Ions In Small Scale Reverse Osmosis, Subriyer Nasir
Makara Journal of Technology
A simple models for predicting build-up of solute on membrane surface were formulated in this paper. The experiments were conducted with secondary effluent, groundwater and simulated feed water in small-scale of RO with capacity of 2000 L/d. Feed water used in the experiments contained varying concentrations of sodium, calcium, combined sodium and calcium. In order to study the effect of sodium and calcium ions on membrane performance, experiments with ground water and secondary effluent wastewater were also performed. Build-up of salts on the membrane surface was calculated by measuring concentrations of sodium and calcium ions in feed water permeate and …
The Effect Of Enzymatic Hydrolysis On The Properties Of Protein Hydrolysate From Paddy Mushroom, Niken Widya Palupi, Wiwik Siti Windrati, Tamtarini Tamtarini
The Effect Of Enzymatic Hydrolysis On The Properties Of Protein Hydrolysate From Paddy Mushroom, Niken Widya Palupi, Wiwik Siti Windrati, Tamtarini Tamtarini
Makara Journal of Technology
Protein hydrolysate was prepared from Paddy (Volvariella volvaceae) mushroom. Hydrolysis uses commercially protease available Protamex ™ with enzyme concentration of 0.1% (w/w). Hydrolysis was performed at three different temperatures (room temperature, 40 °C, and 50 °C) with different incubation periods (60, 90, and 120 minutes). Enzyme inactivation was done in 90 °C for 3 minutes. Yield and degree of hydrolysis ranged from 94.76% to 99.55% and 19.06% to 24.59%. Protein solubility was about 89–11,8%. The longer time of hydrolysis, the darker the color of protein hydrolysate. Protein hydrolysate which has hydrolysis at 50 °C for 120 minutes has the highest …
Effect Of Diafiltration On Preparation Of Fermented Mung Beans Concentrate As Probiotic Savory Flavor Through Ultrafiltration Membrane, Aspiyanto Aspiyanto, Agustine Susilowati
Effect Of Diafiltration On Preparation Of Fermented Mung Beans Concentrate As Probiotic Savory Flavor Through Ultrafiltration Membrane, Aspiyanto Aspiyanto, Agustine Susilowati
Makara Journal of Technology
Diafiltration by means of the ultrafiltration system of probiotic fermented Mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.) concentrate has been performed to reduce or eliminate salts and smaller impurities than the nominal cut-off of the membrane of 20,000 nominal weight cut-off (NWCO). These processes have been conducted as an attempt in order to get a probiotic product with organoleptic acceptability, composition, and the optimal total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts because the presence of salts will affect on the viability of LAB and the cell lysis of LAB and limit its utility in food products. Concentrate of probiotic mung beans was prepared …
High Pressure Adsorption Isotherm Of Co2 On Activated Carbon Using Volumetric Method, Awaludin Martin, Bambang Suryawan, Muhammad Idrus Alhamid, Nasruddin Nasruddin
High Pressure Adsorption Isotherm Of Co2 On Activated Carbon Using Volumetric Method, Awaludin Martin, Bambang Suryawan, Muhammad Idrus Alhamid, Nasruddin Nasruddin
Makara Journal of Technology
High Pressure Adsorption Isotherm of CO2 on Activated Carbon using Volumetric Method. Adsorption system is ones of the most effective methods for CO2 separating with other substances that produced from the burning of fossil fuels. In the design for that application, beside of characteristics of porous material (adsorbent) data, CO2 adsorption data on the adsorbent (kinetic and thermodynamic) are also needed. The aim of this research is resulting isothermal adsorption data at pressures up to 3.5 MPa by indirect methods (volumetric method) at isothermal temperature of 300, 308, 318 and 338 K. Adsorbent that used in this research is activated …
Concept Design And Testing Of Multi-Nozzle Water Mist Fire Suppression System, Danardono A. Sumarsono, Yulianto S. Nugroho, Mariance Mariance, I Gede Wahyu W. Ariasa
Concept Design And Testing Of Multi-Nozzle Water Mist Fire Suppression System, Danardono A. Sumarsono, Yulianto S. Nugroho, Mariance Mariance, I Gede Wahyu W. Ariasa
Makara Journal of Technology
In this work a flexible design of multi-nozzle arrangement of water mist fire suppression system was studied. The source of fire was a 65 mm diameter cooking oil fire. An investigation on the impact of nozzle arrangement on the temperature profile of fires was conducted. The occurance of oil splash due to the application of water mist was also studied. The water mist systems developed in the present work can effectively extinguish cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-ignition. The spray angle, discharge pressure, and water flow rate were important factors to determine the effectiveness of water mist in …
The Stability Characteristics Of Sandbag Submerged Breakwater, Ferry Fatnanta, Widi Agoes Pratikto, Haryo Dwito Armono, Wahyudi Citrosiswoyo
The Stability Characteristics Of Sandbag Submerged Breakwater, Ferry Fatnanta, Widi Agoes Pratikto, Haryo Dwito Armono, Wahyudi Citrosiswoyo
Makara Journal of Technology
The Stability Characteristics of Sandbag Submerged Breakwater. Breakwater is one of coastal structures to overcome problems of abrasion. Due to difficulties in obtaining rock material at the coastal area. The using of sandbags as a breakwater provides advantages in utilizing local materials. A Sandbag has a smooth surface, so the internal shear forces are relatively small. According to these phenomena, the research for parameters that are expected to affect the stability of the sand bags. These parameters are a slope, shape and formation of sand bags. This experimental research conducted in two dimensional physical model and took place on the …
Static Hand Gesture Recognition Of Indonesian Sign Language System Based On Backpropagation Neural Networks, Farida Asriani, Hesti Susilawati
Static Hand Gesture Recognition Of Indonesian Sign Language System Based On Backpropagation Neural Networks, Farida Asriani, Hesti Susilawati
Makara Journal of Technology
Static Hand Gesture Recognition of Indonesian Sign Language System Based on Backpropagation Neural Networks. The main objective of this research is to perform pattern recognition of static hand gesture in Indonesian sign language. Basically, pattern recognition of static hand gesture in the form of image had three phases include: 1) segmentation of the image that will be recognizable form of the hands and face, 2) feature extraction and 3) pattern classification. In this research, we used images data of 15 classes of words static. Segmentation is performed using HSV with a threshold filter based on skin color. Feature extraction performed …
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell With Conventionally Annealed And Post-Hydrothermally Treated Nanocrystalline Semiconductor Oxide Tio2 Derived From Sol-Gel Process, Akhmad Herman Yuwono, Badrul Munir, Alfian Ferdiansyah, Arif Rahman, Wulandari Handini
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell With Conventionally Annealed And Post-Hydrothermally Treated Nanocrystalline Semiconductor Oxide Tio2 Derived From Sol-Gel Process, Akhmad Herman Yuwono, Badrul Munir, Alfian Ferdiansyah, Arif Rahman, Wulandari Handini
Makara Journal of Technology
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the very promising alternative renewable energy sources to anticipate the declination in the fossil fuel reserves in the next few decades and to make use of the abundance of intensive sunlight energy in tropical countries like Indonesia. In the present study, TiO2 nanoparticles of different nanocrystallinity was synthesized via sol−gel process with various water to inorganic precursor ratio (Rw) of 0.85, 2.00 and 3.50 upon sol preparation, followed with subsequent drying, conventional annealing and post-hydrothermal treatments. The resulting nanoparticles were integrated into the DSSC prototype and sensitized with an organic dye made of …
Immobilization Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae In Rice Hulls For Ethanol Production, Edita Martini, Dian Andriani, Sriramulu Gobikrishnan, Kyeong Eop Kang, Surn-Teh Bark, Changshin Sunwoo, Bambang Prasetya, Don-Hee Park
Immobilization Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae In Rice Hulls For Ethanol Production, Edita Martini, Dian Andriani, Sriramulu Gobikrishnan, Kyeong Eop Kang, Surn-Teh Bark, Changshin Sunwoo, Bambang Prasetya, Don-Hee Park
Makara Journal of Technology
The whole cell immobilization in ethanol fermentation can be done by using natural carriers or through synthetic carriers. All of these methods have the same purpose of retaining high cell concentrations within a certain defined region of space which leads to higher ethanol productivity. Lignocellulosic plant substance represents one of highly potential sources in ethanol production. Some studies have found that cellulosic substances substances can also be used as a natural carrier in cell immobilization by re-circulating pre-culture medium into a reactor. In this experiment, rice hulls without any treatment were used to immobilize Saccharomyces cerevisiae through semi solid state …
Wimax Implementation As Existing Hotspot Network Backhaul In Jakarta, Djamhari Sirat, Muhamad Asvial, Luther B. Marpaung
Wimax Implementation As Existing Hotspot Network Backhaul In Jakarta, Djamhari Sirat, Muhamad Asvial, Luther B. Marpaung
Makara Journal of Technology
WiMAX Implementation as Existing Hotspot Network Backhaul in Jakarta The development of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA), such as WiMAX, as a global standard for data transmission media has been used by high speed internet access provider. WiMAX application which supported by capabilities of interoperability, flexibility and commercial aspect make the internet services become more efficient, cheaper and easier to the customer. This phenomenon should be responded by ISPs. Based on technical and financial aspect in deciding the implementation of Wireless Network with WiMAX technology as a substitute, this research will observe and analyze the projection of WiMAX technology implementation as …
Plant Growth Modeling Using L-System Approach And Its Visualization, Atris Suyantohadi, Alfiyan Alfiyan, Mochamad Hariadi, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo
Plant Growth Modeling Using L-System Approach And Its Visualization, Atris Suyantohadi, Alfiyan Alfiyan, Mochamad Hariadi, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo
Makara Journal of Technology
The visualization of plant growth modeling using computer simulation has rarely been conducted with Lindenmayer System (L-System) approach. L-System generally has been used as framework for improving and designing realistic modeling on plant growth. It is one kind of tools for representing plant growth based on grammar sintax and mathematic formulation. This research aimed to design modeling and visualizing plant growth structure generated using L-System. The environment on modeling design used three dimension graphic on standart OpenGL format. The visualization on system design has been developed by some of L-System grammar, and the output graphic on three dimension reflected on …
Remote Sensing And Geographical Information System To Identify Drought Potency, Puguh Dwi Raharjo
Remote Sensing And Geographical Information System To Identify Drought Potency, Puguh Dwi Raharjo
Makara Journal of Technology
Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System to Identify Drought Potency. Kebumen regency was drought in year 2008, community clean water shortages and irrigation water following a decline in water resources. The use of remote sensing data and GIS can be used to identify the potential for drought-prone areas. Transformation of Landsat TM satellite imagery to obtain the brightness index, wetness index and vegetation index used to determine surface conditions in relation to drought. Brightness index and wetness index derived from the tasseled cap modifications, while the vegetation index derived from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. Other parameters such as …
Separation Study Of Titanomagnetite Fe3-Xtixo4 From Natural Sand At Indramayu, West Java, Sunaryo Sunaryo, Iwan Sugihartono
Separation Study Of Titanomagnetite Fe3-Xtixo4 From Natural Sand At Indramayu, West Java, Sunaryo Sunaryo, Iwan Sugihartono
Makara Journal of Technology
Separation Study of Titanomagnetite Fe3-xTixO4 from Natural Sand at Indramayu, West Java. Titanomagnetite FeTiO4 has been obtained from metal sand which is separated from natural sand at Indramayu using magnetic separator with the magnetic field 0,3 Tesla. This method can improve titanomagnetite content from 32% to 63,6%. According to X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and data processing by general structure analyses system (GSAS) with χ2= 1,454 and Wrp = 0,1142 as correction factor of the peak to peak intensities, we conclude that χ2 about 0 and Wrp aproximately 10%. It indicates the datas with the error merely 0,1 can be accepted. Furthermore, …