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Articles 631 - 660 of 2023

Full-Text Articles in Structural Engineering

North American Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing -- Product Data, 2012 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute Apr 2013

North American Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing -- Product Data, 2012 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.


North American Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing -- Truss Design, 2012 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute Apr 2013

North American Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing -- Truss Design, 2012 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.


Cold-Formed Steel Bolted Connections Without Washers On Oversized Slotted Holes, Phase 1, American Iron And Steel Institute Mar 2013

Cold-Formed Steel Bolted Connections Without Washers On Oversized Slotted Holes, Phase 1, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.


Specification For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, American Iron And Steel Institute Mar 2013

Specification For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.


Sheathing Braced Design Of Wall Studs, B. W. Schafer Feb 2013

Sheathing Braced Design Of Wall Studs, B. W. Schafer

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

This report was prepared as part of the American Iron and Steel Institute sponsored project: Sheathing Braced Design of Wall Studs. The project also received supplementary support and funding from the Steel Stud Manufacturers Association. Additional project information and documentation is available at www.ce.jhu.edu/bschafer/sheathedwalls. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Iron and Steel Institute, nor the Steel Stud Manufacturers Association.


Ccfss Special Edition Technical Bulletin Spring 2013, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Feb 2013

Ccfss Special Edition Technical Bulletin Spring 2013, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.


Flexural And Shear Behavior Of Reinforced Concrete Members Strengthened With A Discrete Fiber-Reinforced Polyurea System, Courtney E. Greene, John J. Myers Feb 2013

Flexural And Shear Behavior Of Reinforced Concrete Members Strengthened With A Discrete Fiber-Reinforced Polyurea System, Courtney E. Greene, John J. Myers

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recent research has been conducted to evaluate the benefits provided by externally applied discrete fiber-reinforced polyurea (DFRP) coating systems. This coating was proposed to allow for ease of construction in repair-retrofit situations and to provide multihazard benefits, ranging from blast or impact fragmentation mitigation to seismic reinforcement and general strengthening. This phase of research investigated the flexural and shear reinforcement capabilities of the systems. Testing parameters included type of structural failure, polyurea, and fiber volume fraction. Additionally, the effects of the thickness of the composite system were considered. Concrete beam specimens were fabricated and coated per the designed test matrix …


Effect Of High-Volume Fly Ash On Shear Strength Of Concrete Beams, Mahdi Arezoumandi, Jeffery Volz, John Myers Jan 2013

Effect Of High-Volume Fly Ash On Shear Strength Of Concrete Beams, Mahdi Arezoumandi, Jeffery Volz, John Myers

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Every year concrete production exceeds 6.5 billion tons worldwide, nearly 1 ton for every man, woman, and child on the planet. In fact, concrete is used 10 times more than any other building material in the world, primarily because of its incredible versatility, availability, and relatively low cost. Unfortunately, the production of Portland cement - the key ingredient in concrete - generates approximately a pound of carbon dioxide for every pound of cement produced. One method of reducing concrete's carbon footprint is to replace a significant amount of the cement with fly ash, a by-product of coal-burning thermal power stations. …


Design, Construction And Load Testing Of The Pat Daly Road Bridge In Washington County, Mo, With Internal Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers Reinforcement, Zhibin Lin, Mostafa Fakharifar, Chenglin Wu, Genda Chen, Wesley James Bevans, Arun Vijay Kumar Gunasekaran, Sahra Sedigh Jan 2013

Design, Construction And Load Testing Of The Pat Daly Road Bridge In Washington County, Mo, With Internal Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers Reinforcement, Zhibin Lin, Mostafa Fakharifar, Chenglin Wu, Genda Chen, Wesley James Bevans, Arun Vijay Kumar Gunasekaran, Sahra Sedigh

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The overarching goal of this project is to deploy and assess an innovative corrosion-free bridge construction technology for long-term performance of new and existing bridges. The research objective of this project is to conduct a comprehensive study (instrumentation, construction, both laboratory and field evaluation) of a rapidly constructed and durable, three-span bridge with cast-in-place cladding steel reinforced concrete substructure and precast concrete decks/girders reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP). The bridge has one conventional concrete-girder span, one conventional steel-girder span, and one innovative concrete box-girder span. The conventional concrete and steel girders were used to demonstrate the effective use …


Aggregate Shape Characterization Using Digital Image Processing, Norbert H. Maerz, David Newton Richardson Jan 2013

Aggregate Shape Characterization Using Digital Image Processing, Norbert H. Maerz, David Newton Richardson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Aggregates must meet certain specifications to be acceptable in asphalt and concrete applications. Among these are specifications that deal with the various aspects of aggregate shape, including flatness and elongation and aggregate angularity. The current practice for ensuring those specifications is the use of manual-mechanical tests. These tests are time consuming, labor intensive and subjective. In addition, tests such as the compacted or uncompacted voids tests (Figure 1), are taken to be a shape (angularity) indicator, even thought the measured quantify is the void ratio. This report describes a prototype of an automated digital video image analysis system that measures …


An Experimental Study On Bond Strength Of Reinforcing Steel In High-Volume Fly-Ash Concrete, Trevor J. Looney, Mahdi Arezoumandi, Jeffery S. Volz, John J. Myers Dec 2012

An Experimental Study On Bond Strength Of Reinforcing Steel In High-Volume Fly-Ash Concrete, Trevor J. Looney, Mahdi Arezoumandi, Jeffery S. Volz, John J. Myers

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The production of Portland cement-the key ingredient in concrete-generates a significant amount of carbon dioxide. However, because of its incredible versatility, availability, and relatively low cost, concrete is the most consumed manmade material on the planet. One method of reducing concrete's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is the use of fly ash to replace a significant amount of the cement. an experimental investigation was conducted to compare the bond strength of reinforcing steel in high-volume fly-ash concrete (HVFAC)-concrete with at least 50 % of the cement replaced with fly ash-with conventional concrete (CC). This study investigated two HVFAC mixes [with …


Specification For The Design, Testing, And Utilization Of Industrial Steel Storage Racks, Rack Manufacturers Institute Oct 2012

Specification For The Design, Testing, And Utilization Of Industrial Steel Storage Racks, Rack Manufacturers Institute

Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI) Specifications and Manuals (1984 - 2012)

The standard applies to industrial pallet racks, movable shelf racks, and stacker racks made of cold-formed or hot-rolled steel structural members. It does not apply to other types of racks, such as drive-in or drive-through racks, cantilever racks, portable racks, etc. or to racks made of material other than steel.


An Experimental Study On Bond Strength Of Reinforcing Steel In Self-Consolidating Concrete, Trevor J. Looney, Mahdi Arezoumandi, Jeffery S. Volz, John J. Myers Sep 2012

An Experimental Study On Bond Strength Of Reinforcing Steel In Self-Consolidating Concrete, Trevor J. Looney, Mahdi Arezoumandi, Jeffery S. Volz, John J. Myers

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An experimental investigation was conducted to compare the bond strength of reinforcing steel in self-consolidating concrete (SCC) with conventional concrete (CC). This study investigated two different compressive strengths of SCC as well as CC. the experimental program consisted of 24 pull-out specimens as well as 12 full-scale beams (three for each concrete type and strength). the pull-out specimens were based on RILEM recommendations, and the beam specimens were tested under a simply supported four-point loading condition. the CC test results served as a control and were used to evaluate the results from the SCC pull-out and beam specimen tests. Furthermore, …


Definition Of Common Conventions For Education Of Cfs System Design, Semih Göksel Yıldırım Aug 2012

Definition Of Common Conventions For Education Of Cfs System Design, Semih Göksel Yıldırım

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

CFS system of which can be used in the field of low rise residentials, are included in industrialised building systems due to installation principles of the system. Widespreading of the usage of an industrialised building system depends on the widespreading of the system design datum. Therefore, education of CFS system design is required in order to increase the system usage. Also, awareness of CFS system in the levels of public authorities and technical staff can be increased by education. The aim of this paper is to develop an education model for CFS system design by using open building concept. The …


Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Cold-Formed Steel Double Angle Members Under Compression, W. F. Maia, L. C. M. Vieira Jr., B. W. Schafer, M. Malite Aug 2012

Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Cold-Formed Steel Double Angle Members Under Compression, W. F. Maia, L. C. M. Vieira Jr., B. W. Schafer, M. Malite

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper presents a numerical and experimental study of double angle members connected by batten plates under concentric and eccentric axial compression. The number of batten plates is varied to study the influence on the nominal axial strength. Numerical analyses are able to accurately predict the behavior and strength found in the experiments, except for long columns under eccentric axial compression where the composite section failed in major-axis flexural buckling. Two design hypotheses are compared to the results obtained: (i) non-composite action (no interaction between angles), with only local, flexural, and flexural-torsional buckling considered; (ii) composite action (full interaction between …


The 1st Student Competition On Cold-Formed Steel Design, Cheng Yu, Cristopher Moen Aug 2012

The 1st Student Competition On Cold-Formed Steel Design, Cheng Yu, Cristopher Moen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The first Student Competition on Cold-Formed Steel Design (CFS Competition) was held at the University of North Texas in 2011. The CFS Competition was initiated by Cheng Yu through a National Science Foundation CAREER award. The objective of the CFS Competition is to promote higher education in coldformed steel structural design and to encourage students to use creative thinking skills to solve engineering problems. The subject of the first CFS Competition is to design an optimal thin-walled cold-formed steel cross section under several pre-defined restrictions. The CFS Completion received total 78 entries from students in 5 different countries. The judging …


Towards The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Foam Sandwich Columns, S. Szyniszewski, B. H. Smith, V. M. Zeinoddini, J. F. Hajjar, S. R. Arwade, B. W. Schafer Aug 2012

Towards The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Foam Sandwich Columns, S. Szyniszewski, B. H. Smith, V. M. Zeinoddini, J. F. Hajjar, S. R. Arwade, B. W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In this paper a design method for the compressive capacity of sandwich panels comprised of steel face sheets and foamed steel cores is derived and verified. Foamed steel, literally steel with internal voids, provides the potential to mitigate many local stability issues through increasing the effective width-to thickness of the component for the same amount of material. Winter’s classical effective width expression was generalized to the case of steel foam sandwich panels. The provided analytical expressions are verified with finite element simulations employing brick elements that explicitly model the steel face sheets and steel foam cores. The closed-form design expressions …


Dynamic Time-History Analysis On Wind-Induced Response Of Light-Weight Roof System, X. K. Jing, Y. Q. Li, D. J. Gong Aug 2012

Dynamic Time-History Analysis On Wind-Induced Response Of Light-Weight Roof System, X. K. Jing, Y. Q. Li, D. J. Gong

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Severe damage to light-weight roof system occur when exposed to strong wind loading. Damage investigations and wind load-bearing capacity tests of light-weight roof system reveal that the connection damage of roof sheeting and fastener is the most serious. Wind pressure distributions on the roof of gabled steel frame measured in a wind tunnel are described. Secondly, illustrated by the example of the classic standing-lock roof system, the wind-induced forces for the concealed clips estimated by the building code and time-history analysis based on wind tunnel test, respectively, are compared. The results indicate that the uniform gust factor used in the …


Experimental Analysis Of Beam-To-Upright Connections In Cold-Formed Steel Storage Pallet Racks, Tuo Wang, Xianzhong Zhao, Yiyi Chen Aug 2012

Experimental Analysis Of Beam-To-Upright Connections In Cold-Formed Steel Storage Pallet Racks, Tuo Wang, Xianzhong Zhao, Yiyi Chen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A research program is currently in progress at Department of Building Engineering of Tongji University with the aim of investigating the behavior of cold-formed steel storage pallet racks under static and dynamic loading. This paper presents preliminary experimental analysis on the monotonic behavior of beam-to-upright connections. In the experimentation, the set-up was specially designed to accommodate precise requirement of boundary conditions and the measurement method was refined from the general ones used in rack design codes. It is shown that deformation modes of the connections were similar before failure while the failure modes were different depending on the specific constructional …


Experimental And Numerical Investigations Of High Strength Cold-Formed Lapped Z Purlins Under Combined Bending And Shear, Cao Hung Pham, Annabel F. Davis, Bonney R. Emmett Aug 2012

Experimental And Numerical Investigations Of High Strength Cold-Formed Lapped Z Purlins Under Combined Bending And Shear, Cao Hung Pham, Annabel F. Davis, Bonney R. Emmett

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Plain C or Z- sections are two of the most common cold-formed steel purlins in use for roof systems throughout the world. Especially for Z- sections, their lapping ability provides continuity and double thickness material at the support regions results in greater performance and more economical designs. At the region just outside the end of the lap, the purlin may fail under a combination of high bending and shear. Design methods for these sections are normally specified in the Australian/New Zealand Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Structures (AS/NZS 4600:2005) or the North American Specification for Cold- Formed Steel Structural Members (2007). …


Mechanisms Of Block Shear Failure Of Bolted Connections, Lip H. Teh, Drew D. A. Clements Aug 2012

Mechanisms Of Block Shear Failure Of Bolted Connections, Lip H. Teh, Drew D. A. Clements

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper examines the mechanisms for block shear failure postulated in the design provisions specified in the North American Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members 2007 and AS/NZS 4600:2005 Coldformed Steel Structures. It explains that there is only one feasible mechanism for the limit state of conventional block shear failure, that which involves shear yielding and tensile rupture. It proposes an equation that provides more accurate results compared to the code equations in predicting the block shear capacities of bolted connections in steels having minimal strain hardening. A resistance factor of 0.8 for the proposed equation is …


Studies On Bracing Member End Connections For Cold Formed Steel Sections, R. P. Rokade, N. Prasad Rao, R. Balagopal, S. J. Mohan Aug 2012

Studies On Bracing Member End Connections For Cold Formed Steel Sections, R. P. Rokade, N. Prasad Rao, R. Balagopal, S. J. Mohan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper is concentrated mainly on the behaviour of bracing end connections for cold formed steel lipped angle and lipped channel sections. For bracing members, only one flange is possible to connect with tower leg member or supporting member, which causes uneven distribution of stresses in the end section popularly known as shear lag effect. Tension tests have been carried out to simulate the bracing end connections. Special test rig has been assembled and end fittings fabricated such that the load will be applied as concentric load at the pulling end and on the other end load is transferred through …


Permanent Stability Bracing Of Cfs Trusses, Sowri Rajan, William L. Babich Aug 2012

Permanent Stability Bracing Of Cfs Trusses, Sowri Rajan, William L. Babich

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Permanent stability bracing of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) roof/floor trusses is needed for the three major planes in a truss: Top chord, Bottom Chord and Web. Primary function of bracing is to prevent lateral instability of members as well as stiffen the overall roof/floor system. Brace force is dependent on the magnitude of applied loads and the level of out-of-planeness permitted. Traditionally, 2% of the axial compression force in a member is used as the brace (restraint) force, which is based on an out-of-plane deflection of L/200 where L is the member length. Continuous Lateral Restraint (CLR) forces are accumulated from …


Steel Cold-Formed Trussed Girders With Joint Eccentricities - Improvements On Design And Performance By Numerical And Experimental Analysis, Eduardo De M. Batista, Alexandre Landesmann, Juarez M. Franco Aug 2012

Steel Cold-Formed Trussed Girders With Joint Eccentricities - Improvements On Design And Performance By Numerical And Experimental Analysis, Eduardo De M. Batista, Alexandre Landesmann, Juarez M. Franco

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Long span light roof systems of industrial buildings are frequently designed with cold-formed steel members, leading to competitive solution which allows liberating useful internal space inside the building. This type of structural solution is usually cost saving if it is combined with standardization of the manufacturing process thus enabling specialized solution. This is the case of a family of trussed girders ranging from 0.6 to 1.8 m depth, developed by the steel structures manufacturer and addressed to a standard system for general application enabling to bridge up to 40 m span of light roof construction. Typical buckling behavior of the …


Slip Modulus Of Cold-Formed Steel Members Sheathed With Wood Structural Panels, A. L. Northcutt, K. W. Kramer, S. F. Stephens Aug 2012

Slip Modulus Of Cold-Formed Steel Members Sheathed With Wood Structural Panels, A. L. Northcutt, K. W. Kramer, S. F. Stephens

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed steel framing sheathed with wood structural panels is a common method of construction for wall, roof and floor systems in cold-formed steel structures. Since wood structural panels are attached with screws at relatively close spacing, a certain amount of composite behavior will be present. The benefit of composite behavior is not currently being taken advantage of in the design of these structural systems. While composite effects are present, they are not yet being accounted for in design due to a lack of statistical data. To determine the amount of composite action taking place in these systems, the slip modulus …


Constrained Shape Optimization Of Cold-Formed Steel Columns, J. Leng, Z. Li, J. K. Guest, B. W. Schafer Aug 2012

Constrained Shape Optimization Of Cold-Formed Steel Columns, J. Leng, Z. Li, J. K. Guest, B. W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The objective of this paper is to introduce appropriate constraints in the shape optimization of a cold- formed steel column such that the resulting optimized shapes retain the strength benefits of unconstrained optimal solutions combined with practical manufacturing and constructional needs. Unconstrained shape optimization of cold-formed steel columns, where the cross-section that maximizes axial capacity is found, has previously been performed. Here, practical manufacturing and construction constraints are introduced into the optimization algorithm. Members with three lengths: 2 ft, 4 ft, and 16 ft, are considered. Optimized sections from multiple runs show uniformity and bear a close resemblance to unconstrained …


Behavior And Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Walls Sheather With Composite Panels, Cheng Yu, Chao Li Aug 2012

Behavior And Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Walls Sheather With Composite Panels, Cheng Yu, Chao Li

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear wall sheathed with noncombustible panels is an ideal solution for low- and mid-rise buildings when combustible materials are not allowed by the code for certain circumstances. The CFS framed shear wall using steel sheet panel is a commonly used by the industry to fulfill the noncombustible material requirement. However compared to OSB or plywood panels, the steel sheet panel offers significantly lower strength and stiffness. To overcome the disadvantages of steel sheet shear wall, a test program was recently conducted at the University of North Texas to investigate the behavior and strength of CFS …


Experimental Study On Interaction Between Local And Distortional Buckling Of High Strength Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Columns, L. Jiang, B. K. He, Y. Q. Li Aug 2012

Experimental Study On Interaction Between Local And Distortional Buckling Of High Strength Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Columns, L. Jiang, B. K. He, Y. Q. Li

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The distortional buckling behavior of 550MPa high strength cold-formed lipped channel columns under axial compression loads have been studied. The test results of 16 specimens show that local buckling may appear before distortional buckling and it makes the distortional buckling occur in advance. This interaction of local and distortional buckling has an adverse effect on bearing capacity of columns. But the design methods for distortional buckling in Specification AS/NZS 4600 and Direct Strength Method (DSM) haven’t considered such interaction. Based on the test results, a method revised from DSM which could account for the adverse interaction has been suggested. The …


Novel Cold-Formed Steel Elements For Seismic Applications, Alireza Bagheri Sabbagh, Mihail Petkovski, Kypros Pilakoutas, Rasoul Mirghaderi Aug 2012

Novel Cold-Formed Steel Elements For Seismic Applications, Alireza Bagheri Sabbagh, Mihail Petkovski, Kypros Pilakoutas, Rasoul Mirghaderi

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Novel cold-formed steel (CFS) elements are investigated in this paper for seismic resistant multi-storey moment frames. Premature local buckling and low out-of-plane stiffness are known as the main structural deficiencies of CFS sections with thin-walled elements. These lead to low energy dissipation capacity of the structures made up of CFS sections as the main load bearing members in seismic events. In order to improve the energy dissipation capacity of CFS members, an innovative CFS beam section with curved flanges is developed by numerical FE analysis and experimental work. A web bolted through plate CFS beam-column connection is used to limit …


Testing Of Connectors For Cold-Formed Steel Construction - Challenges, Recent Innovation, And Future Direction, Timothy M. Stauffer, Hien Kim Nguyen Aug 2012

Testing Of Connectors For Cold-Formed Steel Construction - Challenges, Recent Innovation, And Future Direction, Timothy M. Stauffer, Hien Kim Nguyen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

As cold-formed steel construction continues to evolve, manufacturers are making advances in prefabricated connectors for use in a variety of applications. Often, establishing available strengths for connectors requires testing. This paper will examine some of the challenges associated with testing of these products. Available standards and criteria will be discussed, and an overview of potential difficulties with their use will be presented. Test programs conducted by one manufacturer during recent product development will be presented to illustrate some of the challenges and highlight innovations made to address them. Finally, based on experience gained through extensive testing and product development, recommendations …