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Articles 1231 - 1260 of 2023
Full-Text Articles in Structural Engineering
Cold-Formed Shear Connectors For Composite Constructions, Maximiliano Malite, Walter A. Nimir, Jose Jairo De Sales, Roberto Martins Goncalves
Cold-Formed Shear Connectors For Composite Constructions, Maximiliano Malite, Walter A. Nimir, Jose Jairo De Sales, Roberto Martins Goncalves
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Construction employing composite steel-concrete structures has been increasingly applied in building and bridge structures, and solutions involving cold-formed profiles have recently appeared which, in many cases, have resulted in reduced costs. Because constructions using composite steel-concrete structures, involving cold-formed profiles, are not covered by current Brazilian Codes, it is necessary to investigate the issue. This paper, therefore, presents the results of an experimental analysis (24 push-out tests) made for two types of connectors: U-profile and angle, with two plate thicknesses: 2.65 mm and 4.76 mm, evaluating their strength and their load-slip behavior. The tests were performed on test specimens adapted …
Accelerated Test Development For Coil-Coated Steel Building Panels, K. M. Lawson, H. H. Lawson, H. E. G. Rommal, A. C. Tiburcio
Accelerated Test Development For Coil-Coated Steel Building Panels, K. M. Lawson, H. H. Lawson, H. E. G. Rommal, A. C. Tiburcio
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper discusses the experimental design and the preliminary findings of an ongoing project designed to establish an accelerated laboratory test that would rank coating system performance the same as their performance in atmospheric exposure. A total of ten materials are included in the program: four substrates each with two coating systems and one substrate with two additional coating systems. Samples were installed at four atmospheric exposure sites: Middletown, OH, Daytona Beach, FL, Monroeville, PA, and Halifax, NS, Canada. Three different orientations were utilized at each of the exposure sites and a variety of building panel features were included on …
Ductility Measurements Of Thin G550 Sheet Steels, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock
Ductility Measurements Of Thin G550 Sheet Steels, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Cold formed structural members are fabricated from sheet steels which must meet various material requirements prescribed in applicable national design standards. These requirements ensure that; I) stress concentrations can be redistributed and 2) members and connections can undergo a minimum amount of displacement without a loss in structural performance. The Australian / New Zealand, AS/NZS 4600, and both North American, CSA-S136 and AlSI, Cold Formed Steel Design Standards allow for the use of thin (t < O.9mm), high strength (fy = 550MPa) sheet steels if the yield stress and ultimate strength are reduced to 75% of their minimum specified values. This paper provides a summary of results detailing the ductility and net cross-section tensile resistance of G550 sheet steels (to Australian Standard AS 1397) tested as solid and perforated coupons. Material properties of the test specimens are compared wIth the Dhalla and Winter requirements for ductility and ultimate strength to yield stress ratio. limit states tensile design equations are calibrated according to procedures defmed by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AlSI) Commentary.
Technique And Qualities Of Beams With Expanded Metal Sections, M. Hellsten
Technique And Qualities Of Beams With Expanded Metal Sections, M. Hellsten
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The rotary expander technique can be used for manufacturing Lattice framework from a single strip of sheet metal by integrating expanded metal with solid sheet. This technique can be used to distribute the material in a tubular, or open profile to where it's best needed. Valuable qualities possible to are: - low weight and optimal strength - low energy transmission (noise and heat) - soft deformation and favorable energy absorbing properties - good fatigue resistance - high flexibility in design and product qualities These qualities are useful in applications like: - light and strong steel framing systems for buildings - …
Bearing Design Of Thin Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock
Bearing Design Of Thin Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The 1996 Australian / New Zealand AS/NZS 4600 and North American; CSA-S136, AISI Cold Formed Steel Design Standards allow for the use of thin (t < 0.9 mm in AS/NZS 4600), high strength (fy = 550 MPa) sheet steels if the yield stress and ultimate strength are reduced to 75% of their minimum specified values. At present, these reduced material properties must be used in the design of screwed connections which undergo bearing and bearing/tilting failure. Previous research has illustrated the need for design standards to include a gradated bearing coefficient method to account for the behaviour of thin high strength sheet steels, instead of a gross reduction in material properties. This paper provides a summary of results detailing the behaviour of screwed connections tested in shear which have failed in the bearing and bearing/tilting modes. Recommendations concerning the adequacy of current design standards with respect to a proposed formulation which can be used to more accurately predict the shear resistance of screwed connections which fail in the bearing and bearing/tilting modes are presented.
Behaviour Of Thin G550 Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock
Behaviour Of Thin G550 Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper provides a summary of results detailing the behaviour of screwed connections tested in shear, which were composed of thin G550 and G300 sheet steels (to the 1993 Australian Standard AS 1397). Recommendations concerning the adequacy of current design standards with respect to the design of thin sheet steel screwed connections are made.
Understanding Pullover, Jonathan Sabia Kreiner, Duane S. Ellifritt
Understanding Pullover, Jonathan Sabia Kreiner, Duane S. Ellifritt
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Self drilling screws are often used for attaching roof and wall panels to structural framing and are subjected to tensile loads caused by negative wind pressures. Pullover failure is often associated with this loading condition, which occurs when It fastener pulls through a metal panel but remains attached to the structural framework underneath. The American lron and Steel Institute (AISI) has developed several standard tests for pullover and has included a design criterion for pullover in their specification. However, previous research at the University of Florida has found one particular test and the AISI Specification Section E4.4.2 to be un-conservative. …
Web Crippling Of Cold Formed Steel Members, K. Prabakaran, R. M. Schuster
Web Crippling Of Cold Formed Steel Members, K. Prabakaran, R. M. Schuster
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
A new design expression for web crippling of cold formed steel members has been developed. An extensive statistical analysis was performed using published test data from Canada, the United States, Sweden and France to develop new expressions for the web crippling strength of cold formed steel members under four different loading cases, i.e. (1) end one-flange loading (EOF), (2) interior one-flange loading (lOF), (3) end two-flange loading (ETF) and (4) interior two-flange loading (lTF). I-sections made of two channels connected back-to-back, Z-sections, channels and multiple web sections (decks) were considered. Comparisons were made with the web crippling expressions presented in …
Shift Of The Effective Centroid Of Channel Columns, Ben Young, Kim J. R. Rasmussen
Shift Of The Effective Centroid Of Channel Columns, Ben Young, Kim J. R. Rasmussen
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
In the design of pin-ended channel columns, it is necessary to account for the shift of the effective centroid caused by local buckling. The current American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI 1996) Specification and the Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 4600-1996) for cold-formed steel structures calculate the shift by use of effective widths. However, the ability of the effective width rules to accurately predict this shift has not been experimentally assessed. In this paper, recent tests on fixed-ended channel columns are used to obtain values of the shift of the effective centroid, including its variation with the applied load. In the …
Experimental Procedures For Stub Column Tests, Y. Pu, M. H. R. Godley, R. G. Beale
Experimental Procedures For Stub Column Tests, Y. Pu, M. H. R. Godley, R. G. Beale
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
In this paper a total of 36 stub columns was tested by two different experimental procedures, namely the FEM and AISI procedures, to investigate the difference in the ultimate load between these procedures. Of these 26 were carried out in the pin-ended condition according to FEM, the rest were in the fixed-end condition according to AlSI specification. It is shown that the failure loads obtained by the two experimental procedures were very close to each other. Both procedures worked well. The AISI procedure is recommended as the standard procedure.
Rotational Stiffnesses Of Semi-Rigid Baseplates, X. Feng, M. H. R. Godley, R. G. Beale
Rotational Stiffnesses Of Semi-Rigid Baseplates, X. Feng, M. H. R. Godley, R. G. Beale
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The paper describes a test procedure to determine the rotational stiffnesses and moment-curvature relationships of semi-rigid baseplates of cold-formed structures. The influence of the modulus of the foundation subgrade on baseplate performance is determined. Increasing the axial load applied to a baseplate is shown to increase the ultimate moment-rotation capacity of a baseplate.
Frequently Asked Questions Concerning The Aisi Base Test And The Use Of The Aisi Anchorage Equations, Roger A. Laboube, Thomas M. Murray, Joe N. Nunnery, James M. Fisher
Frequently Asked Questions Concerning The Aisi Base Test And The Use Of The Aisi Anchorage Equations, Roger A. Laboube, Thomas M. Murray, Joe N. Nunnery, James M. Fisher
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The AISI Base Test Method was first introduced into the 1996 AISI Specification. Section C3.1.4 of the Specification provides a method for determining the nominal moment strength of a C- or Z- section under gravity load in the plane parallel to the web with the top flange supporting a standing seam roof system. A standing seam roof system is defined as a roof system in which the side laps between the roof panels or deck are arranged in a vertical position above the roof line, and the roof panel system is secured to the purlins by means of concealed hold …
Study On Light-Gauge Steel Roof Trusses With Rosette Connections, Pentti Makelainen, Jyrki Kesti, Olli Kaitila, Kimmo J. Sahramaa
Study On Light-Gauge Steel Roof Trusses With Rosette Connections, Pentti Makelainen, Jyrki Kesti, Olli Kaitila, Kimmo J. Sahramaa
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper describes the Rosette-joining system and its possibilities in roof-truss structures in the span range of 8 to 12 meters (26 to 39 ft). The test programme that was carried out to verify the behaviour of the Rosette-joint and the thin-walled sections is described. The test results are given and analysed where they currently exist. The results are compared with values calculated according to the 1996 U.S. (AISI) [3] code supported by a distortional buckling analysis according to the Australian / New Zealand Standard (AS) [4] and FE Analysis results.
Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)
No abstract provided.
Ccfss News August 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Ccfss News August 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)
No abstract provided.
Fabrication Guidelines For Cold Bending (1998, Republished 2022), R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc.
Fabrication Guidelines For Cold Bending (1998, Republished 2022), R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc.
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)
To avoid cracking plates during cold bending, it is necessary to adopt a suitable minimum inside bend radius, which typically varies with plate thickness and grade. However, because of the addition of new plate grades over the years, it was suspected that current limits may not have been developed on a consistent basis. Therefore, the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) initiated a program to develop rational limits in 1998. This study was made to review information obtained in recent tests and develop suggested fabrication guidelines.
Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Effect Of Strain Rate On Material Properties And The Structural Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Wei-Wen Yu
CCFSS Library (1939 - present)
PREFACE The research work on automotive components conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla under the sponsorship of the American Iron and Steel Institute began in 1982. During the first six years, studies were made on the basis of static loading. Since May 1988, studies have been concentrated on the effect of strain rate on material properties and the structural strength of cold-formed steel members along with the behavior of hybrid members. The research findings for the period from 1988 through 1997 are summarized in this report. Special thanks are expressed to General Motors Corporation (Dr M. Y. Sheh, Mr. B. …
Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)
No abstract provided.
Ccfss News February 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Ccfss News February 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)
No abstract provided.
Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Transformed Section Method For The Calculation Of Yield Moment Of Cold-Formed Steel Hybrid Beams, Chi-Ling Pan, Wei-Wen Yu
Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Transformed Section Method For The Calculation Of Yield Moment Of Cold-Formed Steel Hybrid Beams, Chi-Ling Pan, Wei-Wen Yu
CCFSS Library (1939 - present)
INTRODUCTION It has been recognized that material properties and stress-strain relationships of sheet steel can be influenced by the strain rate. Because the member strength is also influenced by dynamic loading, a large number of research projects were conducted for a variety of structural members under specified loading conditions during past three decades. In cold-formed steel design, local buckling is one of the major design features because of the use of large width-to-thickness ratios for compression elements. For the purpose of determining the load-carrying capacity of automotive components, the effective width approach has been used. In view of the fact …
Spacing Of Connections In Compression Elements For Cold-Formed Steel Members (Beams), Michael L. Jones, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu
Spacing Of Connections In Compression Elements For Cold-Formed Steel Members (Beams), Michael L. Jones, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu
CCFSS Library (1939 - present)
PREFACE The spacing of connectors in compression elements of built-up flexural members was evaluated both experimentally and analytically at the University ofMissouri-Rolla (UMR) under the sponsorship of the American Iron and Steel Institute. A computational model was developed for determining the bending capacity of single-fluted sections with cover plates that do not have edge stiffeners. The results of the investigation are presented and recommendations are made for design of single-flute cross sections having cover plates without edge stiffeners. Previous research developments by Yener, at Purdue University, and Luttrell, at the University of West Virginia, were compared to the UMR experimental …
Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)
No abstract provided.
A Guide For Designing With Standing Seam Roof Panels, American Iron And Steel Institute
A Guide For Designing With Standing Seam Roof Panels, American Iron And Steel Institute
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)
No abstract provided.
Ccfss News August 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Ccfss News August 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)
No abstract provided.
Screw And Welded Connection Behavior Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (A Preliminary Study), Exaud N. Koka, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube
Screw And Welded Connection Behavior Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (A Preliminary Study), Exaud N. Koka, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube
CCFSS Library (1939 - present)
This Fourth Progress Report presents the results of 56 connection tests conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla during February-April, 1997. The intent of this limited test program was to gain an understanding of the general behavior characteristics of connections in grade 80 steels. No attempt was made to develop an indepth understanding of the connection behavior, which would be necessary to propose complete or comprehensive design recommendations. The performance and behavior of screw and welded connections in low-ductility steel were studied by testing to failure 36 specimens using self-drilling screws, 16 welded connections using either transverse or longitudinal fillet welds, …
Behavior Of Web Elements With Openings Subjected To Linearly Varying Shear, Matthew R. Eiler, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu
Behavior Of Web Elements With Openings Subjected To Linearly Varying Shear, Matthew R. Eiler, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu
CCFSS Library (1939 - present)
PREFACE An experimental investigation of the shear buckling limit state was conducted on single web, cold-formed steel flexural members with web openings. The purpose of the investigation was to develop a better understanding of the behavior of web elements having a web opening, and to propose appropriate design recommendations based on the observed behavior. The present AlSI ASD and LRFD specifications do not contain design provisions for webs with openings, thus the findings of this study will aid in enhancing the shear design provisions. The test specimens, constructed from C-sections, were subjected to linearly varying shear resulting from the application …
Additional Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing (Draft), Reynaud Serrette, Jose Encalada, Georgi Hall, Brandon Matchen, Hoang Nguyen, Alexander Williams, Light Gauge Steel Research Group
Additional Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing (Draft), Reynaud Serrette, Jose Encalada, Georgi Hall, Brandon Matchen, Hoang Nguyen, Alexander Williams, Light Gauge Steel Research Group
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)
AlSI sponsored research at Santa Clara University (Serrette, 1996) led to the development of shear values for plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and gypswn wallboard (GWB) sheathed light weight steel framed wall assemblies. The scope of the 1996 work was, however, limited to plywood, OSB. and GWB on 0.033 in. (20 gauge) framing. To provide a wider range of design options and clarify some of the values from the 1996 test program. a new test program was initialed. The new program included the following wall assemblies: flat strap X-braced walls. steel sheathed walls, high aspect ratio walls, and walls framed …
Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)
No abstract provided.
Strength Of Flexural Members Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (Web Crippling Tests), Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube
Strength Of Flexural Members Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (Web Crippling Tests), Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube
CCFSS Library (1939 - present)
This Third Progress Report summarizes the web crippling tests of 148 specimens and evaluates the test results along with an additional 114 web crippling tests which were reported in 1986 as part of a project on Design of Automotive Structural Components Using High-Strength Sheet Steels. The 148 web crippling tests conducted in this program are the part of the overall project on Strength of Flexural Members Using the Structural Grade 80 of ASTM A653 Steel (former ASTM A446 Grade E Steel). The objectives of the ongoing project are to study the strength and structural performance of flexural members as affected …
Ccfss News February 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
Ccfss News February 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures
CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)
No abstract provided.