Structural Engineering Commons^™

Numerical And Experimental Studies Of An Innovative Cold-Formed Steel Building System, Greg Darcy, Mahen Mahendran

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper presents the details of a new innovative cold-formed steel building system that has no conventional frames, purlins or girts. As this building system uses a new structural system, the load paths and structural behaviour are unknown, therefore, full-scale testing is essential. A series of full-scale tests of a 5.4 m x 5.4 m cold-formed steel building subjected to simulated wind loads was conducted. The results have shown that in its present state, this new building system is not adequate for its intended purpose and optimisation is required. To achieve this optimisation, analytical modelling will be used. To date, …

On The Computation Of The Cross-Section Properties Of Arbitrary Thin-Walled Structures, Chunting Xiang, Paul A. Seaburg, Robert Crain, Albert C. J. Lou

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In this paper, a generalized computational algorithm based on the line chain and tree models is developed for the cross section properties of arbitrarily configuration struts without closed loops. The two C++ programs for such models are developed. However, the two models cannot apply to struts with any cross-section possessing closed loops. Therefore, the further investigation should be completed.

Progress On The Direct Strength Method, Benjamin W. Schager

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The Direct Strength method is a new design procedure for cold-formed steel members. The method employs elastic buckling solutions for the cross-section, instead of the element-by-element plate buckling solutions used in traditional design. The use of cross-section elastic buckling solutions insures inter-element compatibility and equilibrium. The Direct Strength method uses strength formulas on the gross section, similar to conventional column curves, for capacity prediction in local and distortional buckling. This avoids effective section calculations altogether. The reliability of the Direct Strength method is demonstrated for a broad selection of beams and columns by comparison with existing test data. Extension of …

Variables Affecting The Shear-Bond Resistance Of Composite Floor Deck Systems, R. Tremlay, P. Gignac, G. Degrange, Colin A. Rogers

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The 1 1/2" composite deck section is among the more popular floor systems used in the construction of steel buildings in North America. The shear-bond between the steel deck and the concrete normally controls the capacity of a composite floor slab. Shear-bond can, for the most part, be attributed to the presence of mechanical interlock that results from the use of embossments formed in the deck webs during the rolling process. However, the extent of shear resistance between the concrete and the steel can also vary depending on the deck profile, steel thickness and grade, coating, as well as the …

Vibration Characteristics Of Lightweight Floors Using Cold-Formed Steel Joist, L. Xu, F. M. Tangorra, W. C. Xie

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Presented in this paper are the results of a recent study carried out at the University of Waterloo on vibration characteristics of cold-formed steel-supported residential floor systems and different design criteria available for the evaluation of lightweight floor systems. Laboratory tests were conducted for the floors with different spans and assemblies. Both static and dynamic tests were carried out on the floor systems. The static tests were used to evaluate the stiffness and the load sharing among the joists, while the dynamic tests were used to evaluate the relevant dynamic characteristics, such as natural frequencies and damping ratios, of the …

Gbt-Based Distortional Buckling Formulae For Thin-Walled Channel Columns And Beams, Nuno Silvestre, Dinar Camotim

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

After a brief outline of the Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) fundamentals and linear stability analysis procedure, the main concepts and steps involved in the derivation of GBT -based fully analytical formulae are described and discussed. Such formulae provide distortional bifurcation stress estimates in cold-formed steel channel columns and beams with arbitrary sloping single-lip edge stiffeners and pinned/free-to-warp or fixed/warping-free end sections. The application of the proposed formulae is illustrated in detail and, in order to assess their accuracy and validity, results concerning several specific channel columns and beams are presented. In particular, the GBT-based analytical estimates are compared with exact …

Inelastic Response Of Arc-Spot Welded Deck-To-Frame Connections For Steel Roof Deck Diaphragms, M. Peuler, R. Tremblay, Colin A. Rogers

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

An experimental program was undertaken to investigate the inelastic seismic response of metal deck roof diaphragm systems. The load carrying capacity of roof diaphragms subjected to lateral loads is directly dependent on the shear strength of the connections. Hence, as part of this larger research program, a study on the inelastic performance of arc-spot welded deck-to-frame connections was completed. The connection project involved the monotonic, cyclic and seismic testing of 235 specimens, with and without weld washers, with different electrode types, and with various steel deck and frame thicknesses. Currently, welded washer connections are recommended for the improvement of weld …

Self-Drilling Screw Joints For Cold-Formed Channel Portal Frames, Julie Mills, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed C channel sections have been used in portal frame construction for agricultural sheds for many years in Australia. The knee joint designs have been copied from hot-rolled portal frames, regardless of the fact that many designers believe this is not realistic. Earlier testing conducted at the University of South Australia demonstrated that these concerns were justified and that the joint designs widely used in practice do not match the moment capacity of the sections and fail prematurely. An alternative joint design has been developed using self- drilling screws. The joint demonstrates excellent moment capacity and rigidity, and is simple …

Testing Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections In Bearing (With And Without Washers), J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Presently there are two cold-formed steel structural design documents in North America, i.e., in the USA, the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, published by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI 1996) and in Canada, the Standard for Cold-formed Steel Structural Members, published by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA 1994). The bearing strength of bolted connections is treated differently in these two design documents. The North American Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members (NAS 2001) contains a new approach for bearing of bolted connections. This approach is similar to the current S136 Standard …

Experimental Analysis Of Cold-Formed Steel Channel And Lipped-Channel Profiles Connected To Roof Panel - R-Factor Analysis, Maximiliano Malite, Carlos Eduardo Javaroni, Roberto Martins Goncalves

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper presents and discusses test results of simulated suction effect due wind action on purlin-channel and lipped-channel sections carried out in a "vacuum box". The chosen profile sections and their dimensions are those frequently used in steel construction in Brazil. The experimental results and the failure mode analysis of the purlin behaviour subjected to suction effect were compared with the theoretical analysis and R-factor for all load steps. The tests were carried out in a " vacuum box" with plan dimensions of 4 m x 6 m, where the suction effect due to wind was simulated. The air contained …

Calibrations Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections In Bearing (With And Without Washers), Roger A. Laboube, J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The bearing strength of bolted connections is treated differently in the two current North American Cold-Formed Steel Design documents, the AISI Specification in the USA (AISI 1996a) and the S136 Standard in Canada (CSA 1994). In the case of the S136 Standard (CSA 1994), only one expression is presented that applies to all bolted connections such as single and double shear, as well as, with and without washers. In the AISI Specification (AISI 1996a), however, a distinction is made between single shear and double shear connections and the use of washers. Contained in this paper are the calibration results of …

An Experimental Study On The Load Carrying Capacity Of Cold-Formed Steel Studs And Panels, J. Wang, Y. S. Tian, T. J. Lu, C. Y. Barlow

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A full-scale experimental study on the structural performance of load-bearing wall panels made of cold-formed steel frames and boards is presented. Six different types of C-channel stud, a total of 20 panels with one middle stud and 10 panels with two middle studs were tested under vertical compression until failure. For panels, the main variables considered are screw spacing (300 mm, 400 mm, or 600 mm) in the middle stud, board type (oriented strand board - OSB, cement particle board - CPB, or calcium silicate board - CSB), board number (no sheathing, one-side sheathing, or two-side sheathing), and loading type …

Standard Test Method For Determining The Web Crippling Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, R. M. Schuster, Roger A. Laboube

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Standard Test Method For Determining The Web Crippling Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Roger A. Laboube, R. Schuster

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

North American Specification For Design Of Cold-Formed Steel, Roger L. Brockenbrough, Helen H. Chen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

For over fifty years, the American Iron and Steel Institute has published the widely used Specification for the Design of Cold-Fom1ed Steel Structural Members. Recently, as a result of collaborative efforts with representatives of Canada and Mexico, the AISI Specification was expanded into a new document for use in all three countries. Now known as the North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, the new edition supersedes the previous AISI Specification and the Canadian Sl36 Standard. This paper reviews the differences between the previous AISI Specification and the new North American Specification. The basic core document …

Calibrattions Of Cold-Formed Steel Welded Connections, F. M. Tangorra, R. M. Schuster, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The purpose of this project was to recalibrate the welded connection equations currently contained in the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specification for the Design of Cold Formed Steel Structural Members (AISI 1996a). Only one factor of safety of 2.50 is presented for the each of the various types of welded connections when using allowable stress design (ASD), but different respective resistance factors are given for load and resistance factor design (LRFD). The data used was solely taken from the research conducted by Pekoz and McGuire (Pekoz and McGuire 1979). Calibrations were carried out and based on both the …

A Study On The Factors That Influence The Acoustic Performance Of A Steel Stud Wall Assembly, Hyun-Suk Chung, Gap-Deug Kim, Kwan-Seob Yang, Kyung-Woo Kim

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

With the recent introduction of light gauge steel framing systems in the concrete-dominated Korean construction industry, more buildings are built with drywall that is mainly composed of steel studs and gypsum boards. While load-bearing steel studs are extensively applied in residential construction, nonload-bearing steel studs are applied in various building fields such as commercial, educational, as well as residential. As building projects involving steel stud walls are becoming to increase, higher demands in performance are requested from architects and builders, especially in the field of sound performance. A series of acoustic test were performed in the nationally certified sound-testing laboratory …

Aisi Committee On Framing Standards Enabling The Widespread And Economic Useof Steel Framing, Kevin R. Bielat, Jay W. Larson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The American Iron & Steel Institute launched the Committee on Framing Standards in 1998 with the mission to eliminate regulatory barriers and increase the reliability and cost competitiveness of cold-formed steel framing through improved design and installation standards. Building on the internationally recognized AISI Specification, and working closely with the Steel Framing Alliance, Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association, Steel Stud Manufacturers Association and Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute, this relatively new organization has developed and published four new ANSI-accredited consensus standards. Topics include General Provisions, Truss Design and Header Design, as well as a comprehensive Prescriptive Method for One and …

Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 2002, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News August 2002, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

Performance Of Cold-Formed Steel-Framed Shear Walls: Alternative Configurations, Kelly A. Morgan, Mark A. Sorhouet, Reynaud Serrette

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

This report presents the results of twenty shear wall tests that were conducted to evaluate the performance of wall configurations not currently (2002) permitted in the building codes. Ten (10) walls were evaluated under reversed cyclic loading and the other ten (10) under monotonic loading. Brief descriptions of the test program and results are presented in the following paragraphs. The reversed cyclic load tests comprised 4 ft. x 8 ft. 54- and 68-mil framed walls with 7/16-in. OSB rated sheathing on one or both sides of the wall and 33-mil framed walls with 27-mil sheet steel. The sheet steel wall …

Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing -- General Provisions, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the General Provisions document. With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. …

Standard For Cold-Formed Steel - General Provisions, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the General Provisions document.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. …

Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing - Header Design, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Commentary.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is …

Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing Truss Design, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Truss Standard document.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. …

Testing Of Steel L-Headers On Wood Walls, Nahb Research Center

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Overhang Effects On End-One-Flange Web Crippling Capacity Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Michael W. Holesapple, Roger A. Laboube

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Self-Drilling Screw Connections Subject To Combined Shear And Tension, Katherine Zwick, Roger A. Laboube

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Test Verification Of The Effect Of Stress Gradient On Webs Of Cee And Zee Sections, Benjamin W. Schafer, Cheng Yu

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Web Crippling And Bending Interaction Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, R. M. Schuster, J. A. Wallace, Roger A. Laboube

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

A new web crippling design approach has recently been adopted by the American Iron and Steel Institute and the North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, November 9, 2001 Draft Edition (NAS, 2001). The current web crippling and bending interaction equations for single-web sections in the Specification (NAS, 2001) are based on the previous web crippling methods. As well, the moment component of the interaction equations was based on the previous reduced web strength method instead of the stress gradient approach that is now contained in the Specification (NAS, 2001). Based the available data found in …