Structural Engineering Commons^™

Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel design. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is anticipated that AISI will …

Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 2003, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Cold-Formed Steel Frame And Beam-Column Design, Andrew T. Sarawit, Teoman Peköz

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News August 2003, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

A Summary Of L-Header Designs Using The Aisi Header Design Standard, Dean Peyton

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

North American Specification For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, 2001 Edition, With Incorporation Of Errata No. 1, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by a joint effort of the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Specifications, the Canadian Standards Association Technical Committee on Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members (S136), and Camara Nacional de la Industria del Hierro y del Acero (CANACERO) in Mexico. The organizations and the Committees have made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel design. The Committees acknowledge and are grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in …

North American Specification For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by a joint effort of the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Specifications, the Canadian Standards Association Technical Committee on Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members (S136), and Camara Nacional de la Industria del Hierro y del Acero (CANACERO) in Mexico. The organizations and the Committees have made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel design. The Committees acknowledge and are grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in …

Web Crippling Of Cold Formed Steel Multi-Web Deck Sections Subjected To End One-Flange Loading, J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The “North American Specification for the Design of Cold Formed Steel Structural Members” (2001a) (herein referred to as NAS), established in 2001, governs the design of cold formed steel structural members in North America. Given in the specification are equations to predict the various failure modes of cold formed steel members in compression, tension, shear, and bending. The concern of this study was the failure mode called web crippling, which is the deformation of the web elements under concentrated compression loads. It is difficult (if not impossible) to develop an analytical design method for web crippling of cold formed steel …

Signal Mast Arm Fatigue Failure Investigation, Genda Chen, Michael G. Barker, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani, Christopher W. Ramsay

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) has discovered and documented failures in several cantilever mast arms in the recent years. The failures were primarily by fatigue at the weld of the arm to the base plate attached to the mast. With over 6000 mast arms in service in Missouri, the failures raised concerns with the existing mast arm inventory and future mast arm design. This report presents findings from an effort to determine the cause of unexpected cracking in Missouri mast arms. Three causes of premature failure were investigated: the stress ranges experienced at the weld detail were higher than …

Vertical Shear Wave Velocity Profiles Generated From Spectral Analysis Of Surface Waves: Field Examples, Neil Lennart Anderson, Genda Chen, Siasi Kociu, Ronaldo Luna, Thanop Thitimakorn, Alexi A. Malovichko, D. Malovichko, D. Shylakov

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Surface wave (Rayleigh wave) seismic data were acquired at six separate bridge sites in southeast Missouri. Each acquired surface wave data set was processed (spectral analysis of surface waves; SASW) and transformed into a site-specific vertical shear-wave velocity profile (SASW shear-wave velocity profile). The SASW shear-wave velocity profiles generated for each bridge site were compared to other geotechnical data including seismic cone penetrometer shear-wave velocity profiles, cross-borehole shear-wave velocity profiles, and borehole lithology logs. The geotechnical data presented herein indicate the SASW shear-wave velocity profiles correlate well with subsurface lithology logs and available cross-borehole shear-wave velocity control. More specifically, clays, …

Cold-Formed Steel Top Load Bearing Tracks, Nahb Research Center, Inc.

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 2003, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Hybrid Wood And Steel Sole Plate Connection Walls To Floors Testing Report, Nahb Research Center, Inc.

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Testing Of Steel Single L-Headers, Nahb Research Center, Inc.

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News February 2003, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

Testing Of Steel Single L-Headers, Nahb Research Center

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

The purpose of this test report is to substantiate a more cost-competitive alternative to “box beam” and “back-to-back” headers by expanding upon the Lheader testing program that was previously conducted at the NAHB Research Center, Inc. Previous testing of double L-shaped headers indicated that these headers could be a viable alternative to the existing box-beam or back-to-back headers in lightly loaded applications. The higher capacity of the previously tested L-headers was mainly due to the fact that there is an added benefit from the top track that may be neglected in the design process. However, the application of these previous …

Statistical Analysis Of Structural Plate Mechanical Properties, Somchat Suwan, Lance Manuel, Karl H. Frank

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The purpose of this research is to survey the mechanical properties of A572 and A588 plates produced in North America. The study focuses on three aspects: chemical properties, tensile properties, and toughness properties. Results from this study can be of benefit to specification-writing bodies and other users interested in the variability of mechanical properties of A572 and A588 plates. The results can also help update present databases on plate properties that do not include modern production techniques and new mills and producers.--Introduction.

Estimating The Response Of Cold-Formed Steel Frame Shear Walls, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

The Strength Of Stiffened Cfs Floor Joist Assemblies With Offset Loading, S. R. Fox

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Interactive Learning Tools: Animating Statics, Nancy Hubing, David B. Oglesby, Timothy A. Philpot, Vikas Yellamraju, Richard H. Hall, Ralph E. Flori

Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works

Computer-Based Modules for Engineering Instruction Must Be Concise, Flexible, Educational and Engaging in Order to Effectively Supplement Traditional Classroom Teaching Tools. a Computer Example that Takes More Time Than a Chalkboard Presentation is Not Likely to Be Useful in Today's Engineering Classroom. Flexible Navigation is Necessary So that the Instructor Can Quickly and Easily Respond to Student Questions. Useful Modules Must Also Improve Problem-Solving Skills or Clarify Troublesome Concepts in Order to Be Considered Worthy of Inclusion in the Limited Class Time Available. Finally, and Perhaps Most Importantly, Effective Computer-Based Modules Must Meet the Challenge of Holding the Student's Attention. …

Structural Behavior Of Bolted Connections In Cold-Formed Steel Members, Emphasizing The Shear Lag Effect, Carlos Henrique Maiola, Maximiliano Malite, Jorge Munaiar Neto, Roberto Martins Goncalves

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Light-gage steel structures constituted mainly of cold-formed steel members have been widely employed in a variety metal construction in Brazil and many countries. The reduced thicknesses this elements making connection designing difficult due the occurrence of the local effects that generally govern these designs in thin elements. This paper presents and discusses the results of a experimental investigation of bolted connections in cold-formed angles (either equal or unequal legs) and channel members (1.55 to 3.75mm thickness), and an evaluation of the structural behavior of the connections with identification of the corresponding failure modes, with emphasis on the tensile capacity of …

Axial Strength Of Purlins Attached To Standing Seam Roof Panels, John A. Stolarczyk, James M. Fisher, Al Ghorbanpoor

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The purpose of this research was to determine the axial load capacity of Z-purlins with one flange attached to a standing seam roof system. The axial load capacity was determined by developing a relationship between the flexural uplift buckling strength and the axial buckling strength in the Z-purlin. This relationship was investigated using finite element models and by conducting a parametric study. At the conclusion of the parametric study, confirmatory tests were conducted to verify the finite element results. A relationship has been provided that relates the axial buckling strength in the Z-purlin to the flexural uplift buckling strength. This …

Compression Tests Of Cold-Reduced High Strength Steel Long Columns, Demao Yang, Gregory J. Hancock, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper describes a series of compression tests performed on long columns fabricated from cold-formed high strength steel plates with nominal yield stress of 550 MPa (80 ksi). The steel is classified as G550 to Australia Standard AS1397. The test results presented in this paper are the second stage of an Australian Research Council research project entitled "Compression Stability of High Strength Steel Sections with Low Strain-Hardening". A total of 28 long columns, which were made from two thicknesses of sheet steel (0.42 mm and 0.6 mm) (0.017 in. and 0.024 in.), were tested. A box shaped section was tested …

Some Improvements To The Design Of Sandwich Panels Subject To Local Buckling Effects, Narayan Pokharel, Mahen Mahendran

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Past research into the local buckling behaviour of fully profiled sandwich panels has been based on polyurethane foams and lower grade steels, and not for very slender plates. The Australian sandwich panels use polystyrene foam and thinner (0.42 mm) and high strength steels (G550 with a minimum yield stress of 550 MPa), which are bonded together using separate adhesives. Therefore a research project on Australian sandwich panels was undertaken using experimental and finite element analyses. The experimental study on 50 foam-supported plate elements and associated finite element analyses produced a large database for sandwich panels subject to local buckling effects, …

Design Provisions For Sections Containing Unstiffened Elements Under Stress Gradients, M. R. Bambach, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Current American design provisions treat unstiffened elements under stress gradients as if they were uniformly compressed for effective width calculations. This paper presents a design method for calculating the effective width of these elements, based on plate test results. Current international codes allow the capacity of sections that contain unstiffened elements under stress gradients to be calculated on the basis of initiation of yielding in the section. A non-iterative method for the calculation of the capacity, based on inelastic reserve capacity, is presented. The method is shown to be in good agreement with experimental data of I-sections and plain channels …

Effective Widths Of Unstiffened Elements Under Combined Compression And Bending, M. R. Bambach, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Details of a dual-actuator rig developed for testing rectangular plates simply supported on three sides, with the remaining (longitudinal) edge free, under combined uni-axial compression and in-plane bending are presented. Particular attention is given to ensuring a constant strain eccentricity to the loaded ends, as opposed to a constant load eccentricity, in order to determine the post-buckling behavior and ultimate load and moment capacities of unstiffened thin-walled elements. Strain gradients varying from pure compression to pure bending are facilitated. The plate test results are presented in the form of strength curves, and are used to establish effective width equations for …

Post-Buckling Analysis Of Light Gauge Members Using Finite Strips, J. Rhodes

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The development of an analysis technique for the behaviour of light gauge structural members is outlined. The analysis described is a form of finite strip approach in which the out-of-plane displacements are considered using plate theory and the in-plane displacements are considered using beam theory. Several different strip formulations are described, and the relative applicability of each formulation to buckling and post-buckling analysis is discussed. With regard to post-buckling analysis the relatively simple "lower bound approach" is discussed and compared to more complex analysis methods.

Stiffened Elements With Multiple Intermediate Stiffeners And Edge Stiffened Elements With Intermediate Stiffeners, Benjamin W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Section B5 of the AISI Specification, covering stiffened elements with multiple intermediate stiffeners and edge stiffened elements with intermediate stiffeners, has been entirely replaced in the latest edition of the Cold-Formed Steel Specification (NAS 2001). The new design rules are based primarily on the work of Schafer and Pekoz (1998); however, subsequent to that work and prior to adoption by AISI, additional work was also completed. For elements with multiple intermediate stiffeners consideration of weblflange interaction was added. The resulting expressions are shown to agree well with both experimental and numerical data. New provisions for edge stiffened elements with intermediate …

Evaluation Of Bolt-Hole Elongation Stiffness For The Stiffness Prediction Of Cold-Formed Steel Bolted Moment-Connections, J. B. P. Lim, D. A. Nethercot

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed steel bolted moment-connections cannot be considered as rigid because of localised in-plane elongation of the bolt-holes due to bearing of the bolt-shank against the bolt-hole. To therefore calculate the rotational stiffness of such bolted moment-connections, it is necessary to know the load-extension characteristics of bolt-hole elongation. In this paper, a non-linear large- displacement elasto-plastic finite element idealisation of a plain bolt-shank in bearing against a bolt-hole is presented. Graphs of load against bolt-hole elongation are plotted that show good comparison with laboratory test results. A proposed modification of the results allows for the results of a fully-threaded bolt-shank to …

Shear Lag Effect On Bolted C-Shaped Cold-Formed Steel Tension Members, Chi-Ling Pan, Pen-Chun Chiang

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This study is concentrated on the investigation of the shear lag effect on cold-formed steel tension members. C-shaped sections with different dimensions tested by using bolted connections were discussed in this study. The comparisons were made between the test results and predictions computed based on several specifications. In order to study the stress distribution at the various locations of the cross section of specimen, the finite-element software ANSYS was also utilized in this research. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the tension strengths of test specimens predicted by the AISC-Code (1999), which takes account of the shear …