Geotechnical Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Earthquakes In Marshy Lands And Alluvial Soils: Case Histories, Saripalli Suryanarayana

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents a case study of the various factors effecting foundations and piling in marsy lands and alluvial soils. Various aspects regarding these types of soils are presented in context of the Indian sub-continent. Various case studies are shown and practical inferences are drawn from them on the correct methodology of piling and foundation work to be performed in marshy and alluvial soils. Also examples from recent earthquakes in Gujarat, India are analyzed. . Precautionary measures such as light structures, with no cantilever, and no highrise buildings are a preliminary step. Further the overstressing of ground need to be …

Nature And Properties Of Earthquake Energy And Waves And Their Contribution To Liquefaction Aspects At Adani Port During 2001 Bhuj Earth Quake, R. K. Katti, A. R. Katti

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

During Bhuj earthquake of 2001, certain distinct phenomenon in coastal saturated granular deposits were observed causing extensive distress to Adani Port facilities. An attempt is made to analyse the root cause by examining nature and properties of earthquake energy, geometry of earth and the origin of energy and propagation of waves, including excess pore water pressure contributed by Pwave. Although pile raft system were less damaged due to liquefaction, the tests showed extensive loss of load capacity. These aspects are presented in this paper.

A Comparison Of Wavelet Analysis Of Strong Motion Data Of Kocaeli, Duzce And Pulumur Earthquakes, Turkey, Berrak Teymur, S. P. Gopal Madabhushi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In recent years there were several earthquakes in Turkey with magnitudes 7.4, 7.2 and 6 in Kocaeli, Duzce and Pulumur respectively. The first two occurred in 1999 causing the most damage both structurally and economically. The last happened in January 2003. These were all on the North Anatolian Fault and the earthquake occurrence was propagating towards east on the fault. Damage due to surface faulting, slope stability, liquefaction occurred during these earthquakes. In this paper the strong motion data acquired from these earthquakes at various locations are inspected using both the commonly used Fast Fourier transform and more recent harmonic …

Errors In Design Leading To Pile Failures During Seismic Liquefaction, Subhamoy Bhattacharya, Malcolm Bolton

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Collapse of piled foundations in liquefiable soils has been observed in the majority of the recent strong earthquakes despite the fact that a large margin of safety is employed in their design. This paper critically reviews the current design methods and the underlying mechanism behind them. The current method of pile design under earthquake loading is based on a bending mechanism where the inertia and slope movement (lateral spreading) induce bending in the pile. This paper shows that this hypothesis of pile failure cannot explain some observations of pile failure. It has been identified that the current design codes of …

Magneto Rheological Dampers — A New Paradigm In Base Isolation Techniques In Earth Quake Engineering, S. Suresh Babu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Over the past three decades, a great deal of interest has been generated regarding the use of structural protective systems to mitigate the effects of dynamic environmental hazards, such as earth quakes and strong wind, on Civil Engineering structures. These systems usually employ supplemental damping devices to increase the energy dissipation capability of the protected structure. One of the most promising new devices proposed for structural protection is Magneto rheological (MR) fluid dampers because of their mechanical simplicity, high dynamic range, low pressure requirements, large force capacity and robustness, this class of devices has been shown to mesh well within …

One-Dimensional Shear Wave Profiling For V30 And Nehrp Soil Classification Using The Refraction Microtremor (Remi) Method, Satish Pullammanappallil, William Honjas, John N. Louie

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The refraction microtremor (ReMi) method uses standard P-wave, refraction recording equipment to record ambient noise and then uses a wavefield transformation to produce Rayleigh wave dispersion curves from which average one-dimensional shear-wave profile of the subsurface can be derived. The combination of commonly available equipment, simple recording with no source, a wavefield transformation data processing technique, and an interactive Rayleigh-wave dispersion modeling tool exploits the most effective aspects of the microtremor, spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW), and multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) techniques. It overcomes several of the problems afflicting other techniques for estimating shallow shear velocities that …

Nonlinear Site Response Analysis In The New Madrid Seismic Zone, Wei Zheng, Ronaldo Luna

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Deep alluvial soil deposit of the Mississippi Embayment overlies the New Madrid Seismic Zone. A new nonlinear site response analysis model has been developed for wave propagation in deep soil deposits. The shape of the backbone curve of the model is described by the empirical unified formulas. Extended Masing criteria are used to represent hysteretic loading and unloading of soils. The new model takes into account the influence of the effective confining pressure on the shear modulus degradation and the viscous damping development in soil. The model is implemented into a two-dimensional finite element code in the time domain and …

Geotechnical Observations Of The November 3, 2002 M7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake, Robert Kayen, Eric Thompson, Diane Minasian, Brian Collins, Eric R. S. Moss, Nicholas Sitar, Gary Carver

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The M 7.9 earthquake of November 3, 2002 event ruptured more than 340 kilometers on three fault, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of steep alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. The event occurred in a remote and largely undeveloped portion of the rugged Alaskan central range, with few seismometer recordings. The areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to native Holocene river deposits, areas bounded by stiffer ground moraine, Pleistocene uplands, and bedrock. Liquefaction affected areas of alluvial river valleys draining mountainous and glacier-proximal rivers. The most noteworthy observations are that …

Past Proceedings: 2nd International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1988), Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

The Construction Of Stations And Tunnels By Slurry Trecnch, Method In The Madrid Metro Extension, Carlos S. Oteo, Jose Mª Rodríguez Ortiz, Manuel Melis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Recently a new Extension of the Madrid Subway (Spain) is carried out (1995-2003). In 8 years more of 105 Km of tunnels are builded by several procedures: Traditional non-mechanized excavation, precast linings by E.P.B machines, cut and cover system, etc. In this paper the basic criteria adopted for the design of tunnels and stations built with the cut and cover method (reinforced concrete continuous and discontinuous walls) are analysed. Initially, to this purpose the geotechnical properties of the Madrid ground are reached, in order to establish a group of unified desion geotechnical parameters. The hypotheses made for the numerical analysis …

Geotechnical Investigation And Rock Characterization For The East Side Access Project’S Manhattan Segment, Subal Sarkar, Amitabha Mukherjee, Aomar Benslimane, Carroll Stewart

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The East Side Access Project to connect the Long Island Railroad to New York’s Grand Central Terminal on the east side of Manhattan will be one of the largest tunneling projects ever undertaken in New York. A series of tunnels and caverns will be excavated in rock to connect the existing 63rd Street tunnels to twin three-level caverns beneath Grand Central Terminal. The site investigation for the Manhattan Segment comprised archive searches, rock exposure mapping, geophysical surveys, test borings in soil and rock, in-situ testing, groundwater monitoring, and laboratory testing of soil, water and rock. Approximately 200 borings have been …

Effects Of Liquefaction On The Numerical Analysis Of A Single Pile-Soil Interaction During Earthquakes, Fusao Oka, Lu Chih-Wei, Zhang Feng

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Dynamic behavior of pile-foundations during earthquakes is important for the performance of many foundations. To clarify the mechanism of the soil-pile interaction, we have conducted a series of numerical analysis of a single pile foundation in the different types of a two-layer ground. Upper layer of the ground is composed of dense sand, reclaimed soils, medium dense sand or loose sand, and the lower layer of the ground is composed of clayey soils. In the liquefaction analysis, we have used a fully coupled effective stress analysis method with the cyclic elasto-plastic and elasto-viscoplastic constitutive models for sandy soils and clays. …

Settlements Of Three Buildings Founded On Stratified Soils, Enrico Conte, Giovanni Dente, Antonello Troncone

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the movements experienced by three residential buildings located in Avellino (South Italy). A common feature of the buildings is the unsymmetrical superstructure that, for lack of construction joints, makes the resultant of the vertical loads on foundation to be highly eccentric. At the end of December 1983, when most of the dead loads had been applied, the buildings exhibited conspicuous settlements, so construction was stopped and the vertical displacement of several points of the foundation was measured during a period of almost one year. The subsoil was investigated by boreholes, CPT and conventional laboratory tests; it consists …

Landslides In Shale-Derived Glacial Till, Vernon R. Schaefer, Robert A. Lohnes

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An area in south-east Iowa is notorious for landslides in both cut slopes and embankments. Most of the failed slopes have been modified to lower slope angles as attempted remediation; however in many instances the failure reoccurred. The dominant soil in the cuts and used for borrow material is Kansan age glacial till, while the underlying bedrock is Pennsylvanian shale of the Des Moines series. The till contains significant amounts of the underlying bedrock. In an effort to gain insight into the cause of these failures, an embankment with extensive failures in Monroe County was studied. One slide selected for …

Evaluation Of Rock Characteristics For A Power Plant Site In India, A. Boominathan, S. R. Gandhi, J. Elango, C. Sivathanu Pillai

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Extensive geotechnical and geophysical investigations were carried out for a power plant site situated on the east coast of southern India. It is proposed to construct the foundation on rock at a depth of 18.0 m below the ground level. The geological and geotechnical characterization of the rock have been presented in this paper. Extensive boreholes were drilled up to 40.0 m to 60.0 m depth and a few boreholes up to 120.0 m depth from the ground level. Seismic crosshole tests were conducted at soil/rock strata upto 65.0 m depth for the determination of S-wave and P-wave velocity at …

Failure Investigation Of A Fill Slope In Putrajaya, Malaysia, A. N. Hussein, A. H. Mustapha

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

On 6th of January 2001, a fill slope collapsed in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The failed slope was 25m in height. The failure caused the slope to pushed two reinforced earth walls and the recently completed jetty and boat docking facilities to collapse. The depth of the failure scar was about 2m with a failure length of about 50m. A failure investigation was then carried out to determine the causes of failure. A total of thirteen new boreholes, fifteen Mackintosh probes and three hand augers were carried out to determine the soil profile. A desk study of existing information and records, site …

Large-Scale Land Reclamation And Soil Improvement For A City Expansion, Hisham T. Eid, Omar M. Alansari

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the geotechnical experience gained over the last 25 years at a 21-square kilometers waterfront development along the east coast of Doha city, Qatar. The development process involved filling a shallow bay using approximately 53 million cubic meters of calcareous sand with gravel and limestone fragments, making it one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. The 2 to 3-meter-high filling was placed on natural seabed deposits that typically consist of a 1.0 m to 1.25 m top layer of soft plastic silt followed by an approximately 3.5 meters of loose to medium sand and an …

Ground Improvement By Optimized Preload Program, Henrik Kristiansen, Todd Martin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Preloading of sites underlain by compressible soils is a well-established site development procedure to reduce post-construction settlements of structures supported on shallow foundations. Considerable reduction in the preload duration can often be achieved by installation of vertical drains. It is desirable to extend vertical drains down through the compressible soils impacted by the preload and terminate the drains within relatively incompressible soils. If this cannot be achieved, then the potential exists for unacceptable post-construction differential settlements due to greater settlement below the center of the building than along its edges. If no relatively incompressible soils exist below the compressible soils …

“Value Engineering…?” – Changes During Construction, Maral Papazian Bedian

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

“Value Engineering” is a frequently found clause in Construction contracts in the USA, allowing contractor-initiated design changes. Misleading is the interpretation of “value engineering” to imply cost savings shared with the owner, and its implementation during construction, is problematic. It is not surprising that such a clause would simply be ignored because it involves changes in design, often major changes in very short time; and change is feared and vehemently resisted by all parties, owner, designer, and contractor. The problem may lie in the divergence and separation of the designer/engineer and builder/contractor; their priorities and incentives are very different. The …

Understanding Manufacturing Energy Use Through Statistical Analysis, J. Kelly Kissock, John Seryak

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Energy in manufacturing facilities is used for direct production of goods, space conditioning, and general facility support such as lighting. This paper presents a methodology for statistically analyzing plant energy use in terms of these major end uses. The methodology uses as few as 60 data points that are relatively easy for most plants to obtain. Multivariable change-point models of electricity and natural gas use as functions of outdoor air temperature and production data are then developed. The statistical models can be used to predict energy use for energy budgeting, measure savings, determine cost structures, and diagnostic purposes. Moreover, in …

Estimating Energy Savings In Compressed Air Systems, Chris Schmidt, J. Kelly Kissock

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Compressed air is typically one of the most expensive utilities in an industrial facility. As a result, potential savings opportunities are aggressively sought out and identified. Once identified, projected energy savings must be calculated in order to justify the cost of implementing the savings opportunity. It is important to calculate projected energy and cost savings as accurately as possible. Unfortunately, savings are frequently overestimated because the methods used to estimate savings neglect to consider important factors such as compressor control and type, storage, and multiple compressor operation.

In this paper, a methodology is presented for modeling air compressor performance and …