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Articles 31 - 60 of 351
Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering
Rion – Antirion Bridge Foundations: A Blend Of Design And Construction Innovation, Gregory L. Biesiadecki, Ricardo Dobry, George E. Leventis, Ralph B. Peck
Rion – Antirion Bridge Foundations: A Blend Of Design And Construction Innovation, Gregory L. Biesiadecki, Ricardo Dobry, George E. Leventis, Ralph B. Peck
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This case history discusses the design and construction of the appropriate foundation scheme for the largest cable-stayed bridge in the world. This concession project was financed through a combination of public funds, private equity and bank loans. When completed in 2004, the Rion-Antirion Bridge will connect the Peloponnese, Greece’s southernmost peninsula, with the mainland across the Gulf of Corinth. Alternative foundation concepts that were considered included traditional driven piles, deeply embedded caissons, and soil improvement. The process of how the foundation evolved from schematics to final design, what were the driving forces, how ideas were disseminated among the Design Team, …
Uplift Bearing Tests And Calculations Of Belled Piles In Loess Of Arid Regions, Liu Wenbai, Zhou Jian, Mongke Tei-Mohr
Uplift Bearing Tests And Calculations Of Belled Piles In Loess Of Arid Regions, Liu Wenbai, Zhou Jian, Mongke Tei-Mohr
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The field prototype tests have been carries out for under-reamed piles bearing uplift loading in the loess of droughty area. In these tests, uplift displacement and horizontal displacement of under-reamed piles bearing uplift loading and horizontal loading, displacement of surface layer soil, relationship of loading and displacement were measured. The ultimate uplift bearing capacity, failure mechanism of piles were studied. It is very effective on improving ultimate uplift bearing capacity of pile to raise height of belled-out section of under-reamed piles. Strength failure mechanism of pile and soil is solved by gradually failure to be due to damage softening and …
Investigation Of Structural Damage In A Corrosive Environment: A Case Study, Joanna L. Meldrum, Akshay Gupta, Brian Mcdonald
Investigation Of Structural Damage In A Corrosive Environment: A Case Study, Joanna L. Meldrum, Akshay Gupta, Brian Mcdonald
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents the methodology and results of an investigation into the causes of structural damage to a reinforced concrete block wall building in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. The structural damage was in the form of cracking and spalling of the lower courses of the block along the building perimeter. The structural damage to the building had been incorrectly attributed to the Hector Mine Earthquake by another investigator. An evaluation of the response of the building to the estimated level of ground shaking, coupled with site observations, conclusively ruled out the earthquake ground shaking as a cause for the structural …
Analysis Of The Behavior Of The Piled Foundations Of A Group Of Earthquake Damaged Buildings, Francesco Castelli, Michele Maugeri
Analysis Of The Behavior Of The Piled Foundations Of A Group Of Earthquake Damaged Buildings, Francesco Castelli, Michele Maugeri
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Sicilian earthquake of 13th December, 1990 was not very strong, but it caused considerable damages on structures, included a group of reinforced concrete buildings located in Augusta town on the east coast of Sicily (Italy). To evaluate the possibility to repair these buildings, an investigation on soil, structures and foundations was carried out. As some buildings were founded on piles, load tests on piles of the piled foundations were carried out. The site was well investigated by means of laboratory and in-situ tests including: standard penetration tests, cone penetration tests, dilatometer tests and seismic tests. To evaluate dynamic stress-strain …
Steel Pipe Pile Design, Installation, And Dynamic Testing For A New Pier In Georgetown, Sc, Edward L. Hajduk, William B. Wright, Thomas J. Casey, Robert E. Dullanty
Steel Pipe Pile Design, Installation, And Dynamic Testing For A New Pier In Georgetown, Sc, Edward L. Hajduk, William B. Wright, Thomas J. Casey, Robert E. Dullanty
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A new pier extension was constructed for the South Carolina State Ports Authority (SCSPA) at Pier 31C in Georgetown, South Carolina. This pier was founded on 28 steel open ended pipe (OEP) piles driven into the underlying limestone and silts of the Pee Dee Formation. To account for the expected high lateral loads the new pier may experience during ship impacts and movements, both vertical and batter piles were installed. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first application of steel open ended pipe piles as a maritime foundation system in the Georgetown, South Carolina area. The soil stratigraphy at …
Deep Foundation Design Near Flood Protection Projects, Scott A. Loehr
Deep Foundation Design Near Flood Protection Projects, Scott A. Loehr
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Flood protection structures (flood walls, pump plants, railroad or vehicular access opening and gatewell structures) have foundations subjected to hydrostatic pressures during flood conditions. The foundation sands below these structures are likely to produce hydrostatic pressure elevation heads which measure higher than the top of ground at the structures. Often the foundations for these structures are deep enough to penetrate the sands into the artesian pressures. Deep foundation design for the flood protection structures utilizes software programs based on load testing in many different types of soils. The load tests used to model soil-structure responses to loading are conducted on …
Deep Caisson Sinking In Soft Soils, Grand Forks, North Dakota, Gregory R. Fischer, Wayne L. Gerszewski, Frank J. Barchok, Michael K. Yavarow
Deep Caisson Sinking In Soft Soils, Grand Forks, North Dakota, Gregory R. Fischer, Wayne L. Gerszewski, Frank J. Barchok, Michael K. Yavarow
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The City of Grand Forks, North Dakota obtains drinking water from both the Red and Red Lake Rivers using a system of river intakes, shallow pipelines, and pump stations. However, during flood events, the City often loses access to the system, and persistent landslides along the riverbanks easily damage shallow components. As a result, the City decided to construct a gravity system with new pipelines leading to the base of a 65-foot deep pump station. Several construction techniques were evaluated for the pump station, including a self-sinking caisson, which was chosen for the project. Because the proposed 60-foot-diameter caisson was …
Case History Illustrating The Challenges Of Foundation Design And Construction In Karst Terrain, Frederick A. Brinker, Petro W. Kazaniwsky, Melissa Logan
Case History Illustrating The Challenges Of Foundation Design And Construction In Karst Terrain, Frederick A. Brinker, Petro W. Kazaniwsky, Melissa Logan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper discusses the challenges associated with design and construction of foundation systems for a Corporate Campus located in Chester County, Pennsylvania that is underlain by Karst terrain. A comprehensive subsurface investigation was implemented to develop adequate foundation systems and related site work precautions. Because there was evidence of sinkhole activity prior to any construction work, and the subsoils revealed some variability from a consistency/density standpoint, the selected foundation system design included a combination of soil improvement using compaction grouting for shallow foundations and deep drilled-pier foundations. After construction activities began, several occurrences of solution activity were documented and repaired. …
The Experience Of Reinforcement Of Existing Buildings During Construction In Conditions Of Compact Urban Planning, V. V. Semkim, A. Shaposhnikov
The Experience Of Reinforcement Of Existing Buildings During Construction In Conditions Of Compact Urban Planning, V. V. Semkim, A. Shaposhnikov
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Two-level underground part of 12-storeyed dwelling building was constructed in the historical center of Moscow in 2000. The strengthening of foundations was carried out by pressing in of tubular and concrete piles or by placing of bore and injection piles, depending on the results of mathematical modeling. Geotechnical monitoring of the adjacent buildings was carried out in the process of strengthening and new construction. The results of monitoring confirmed the correct way of the chosen solutions: the settlements did not exceed the ultimate permissible values.
A Foundation Chart For Historical Town Restoring, Filippo Ciuffi
A Foundation Chart For Historical Town Restoring, Filippo Ciuffi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A Thematic Area called “Geotechnics and Foundation Analyses” is an important stage of a large, interdisciplinary research activity, carried out on the subsoil of a historical site, in a seismic area, in Italy: the old town of Potenza, capital of the Basilicata Region. Within the said Thematic Area, the design and the construction of a “Foundation Map of a Historical Town” have been performed. The present paper summarizes the basic methodology, the most interesting procedures and the different stages developed for constructing the said map. Described is also the very exceptional effort, made by the Research-team. Foundation and geotechnical parameters …
Foundation Reinforcement Of The Ipanema Beach Offshore Sewage Pipeline, Jayme R. C. Mello, Nelson Szilard Galgoul
Foundation Reinforcement Of The Ipanema Beach Offshore Sewage Pipeline, Jayme R. C. Mello, Nelson Szilard Galgoul
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Ipanema Beach offshore sewage pipeline was installed thirty years ago in water depths up to 31m, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It has a unique design, because steel piles were driven every 41 to 50m at joint along its length, in order to support it, keeping a constant gradient flow. These piles maintain the pipeline above mudline. After only a few years a first of these pile supports collapsed, allowing the pipeline to drop on the seabed, because of the occurrence of micro-cracks triggered by corrosion and environmental loads. Similar failures took place again before corrective measures could be …
Unique Foundation Solution For Organic Soil Site, Keith E. Robinson
Unique Foundation Solution For Organic Soil Site, Keith E. Robinson
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A soft soil site, located near Vancouver, BC, presented a unique challenge for the Owner and geotechnical engineer. The relatively narrow but long site was covered by a variable thickness of silty sand and gravel fill overlying about 3 m of peat, organic silt to 12 m depth and very soft, sensitive clay to about 35 m depth. A three/two-story, 27 by 200 m, concrete tilt-up warehouse type structure was proposed for the site. The two foundation options initially considered included the full structure and slab supported on piles driven down to refusal at about 40m depth or conventional spread …
Case Study On The Foundation And Site Geotechnical Evaluation For The Rehabilitation Of An Emergency Hospital Building, Ion Vlad
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This case study is about the foundation and the site geotechnical potential evaluation for the rehabilitation of an emergency hospital building, placed in Bucharest. This building was strongly damaged by the main earthquakes that occurred in Romania, within the last 30 years (March 4th, 1977, August 30th, 1986 and May 30th, 1990). The building had, from the beginning, an unfavorable structural concept, in what concerns its shape in plane. The paper presents the methods used for the rehabilitation of the existing building foundation, together with the integration of a new foundation for a new building, that appeared necessary to be …
Monitoring And Stabilisation Of The Giants Seat Landslip, U.K., David E. Jones
Monitoring And Stabilisation Of The Giants Seat Landslip, U.K., David E. Jones
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The landslip is located in the Giant’s Seat Woods area of Kearsley, Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. The ground conditions at the site comprise made ground material over mudstones of the Manchester Marls. An area of land crossed by Red Rock Lane had, since the late 1700s, experienced land slip resulting in the ground generally moving south towards the adjacent river. By the late 1990’s the movement of the slip had resulted in fractures and fissures under the road and damage to several other services. A project was developed to stabilise the land along approximately 130m of Red Rock Lane. …
Slope Stability Aspects Of The Egnatia Odos Highway Project In Northern Greece, M. N. Skempas, A. W. Livadas
Slope Stability Aspects Of The Egnatia Odos Highway Project In Northern Greece, M. N. Skempas, A. W. Livadas
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The section near the village of Koumaria of the Egnatia Odos highway included a 300 m long cut and cover structure near the foot of a slope being undercut by a river. The combination of the temporary steep cut slopes and the unfavourable weather conditions with low field shear strengths led to successive slope failures in that area and resulted in a heavily affected profile. As a result the cut and cover structure was abandoned in favour of an open cut and various remedial measures were applied for the rehabilitation of the affected area. In the case of another 140 …
A Dangerous Place To Dig Excavation At The Toe Of Saluda Dam, Elena Sossenkina, Scott Newhouse, Matt Glunt
A Dangerous Place To Dig Excavation At The Toe Of Saluda Dam, Elena Sossenkina, Scott Newhouse, Matt Glunt
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Remedial work on the Saluda Dam will entail excavation at the toe to depths of over 50 ft. Excavation at the toe of a large high hazard dam is an unusual event. Although statically stable the Dam doesn’t meet modern standards for dynamic stability. Based on the assessment of liquefaction potential, the dam requires remediation. The downstream hazard entails consequences of failure of potential loss of life. Due to such consequence, the Regulator called for renovation of Saluda Dam. Engineers evaluated several remedial alternatives. The chosen alternative entails excavation at the toe for construction of new RCC and Rockfill Berms. …
Contact Analysis Of Separation Between Concrete Slab And Cushion Layer In Tianshengqiao Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam, Bingyin Zhang, Ruifeng Shi, Zongliang Zhang
Contact Analysis Of Separation Between Concrete Slab And Cushion Layer In Tianshengqiao Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam, Bingyin Zhang, Ruifeng Shi, Zongliang Zhang
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Tianshengqiao concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD), with a maximum height of 178m, is the highest dam of the same kind in China and the second highest in the world. During the construction of the dam, some problems special for high CFRDs occurred, such as deficient of cushion layer and separation of concrete slab from cushion layer. In this paper, a finite element analysis is made to understand the deformation of the cushion layer and the separation between the slab and the cushion. Direct constraints method and Coulomb friction law are used to simulate the contact behavior between the deformable concrete slab …
Performance Of A Highway Embankment Constructed Over Landfill Material, Paul J. Lewis, Jack Mansfield, Syed Ashraf, Kessi Zicko
Performance Of A Highway Embankment Constructed Over Landfill Material, Paul J. Lewis, Jack Mansfield, Syed Ashraf, Kessi Zicko
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents settlement data over a period of 12 years for two portions of a highway embankment constructed over landfill material. Construction was completed in 1989 and included dynamic compaction to limit post construction settlement. A preload / surcharge was used over a separate portion of one of the highway embankments as an alternative foundation improvement technique for the purpose of comparison and evaluation of the effectiveness of the two methods. Elevation measurements taken over a period of 12 years are presented for comparison of post construction settlement of both dynamically compacted and surcharged sections of the highway embankments.
Karkheh Storage Dam Cutoff Wall Analysis And Design, Behnam Shadravan, Ali Asghar Mirghasemi, Mehdi Pakzad
Karkheh Storage Dam Cutoff Wall Analysis And Design, Behnam Shadravan, Ali Asghar Mirghasemi, Mehdi Pakzad
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Karkheh dam cut-off wall with an area of about 150000 m2 is the largest plastic concrete cut-off wall ever built in the world. The wall was designed on the basis of seepage and material behavior analysis. The design and construction of the wall was a great challenge in which in different stages, major design modifications were made based on existing construction facilities, updated geological conditions and cost optimization. The philosophy of “design as you go” was tried to be perfectly accomplished in this project. The cut-off wall connections to the dam body and other appurtenant structures such as power tunnels; …
Analysis Of Behavior Of Embankments On Soft Soils Geotechnical Investigations And Instrumentation Access Of Embank Ments The Jitituba River Bridge, Sarita De Paula P. Cavalcante, Roberto Quental Coutinho, Alexandre Duarte Gusmão
Analysis Of Behavior Of Embankments On Soft Soils Geotechnical Investigations And Instrumentation Access Of Embank Ments The Jitituba River Bridge, Sarita De Paula P. Cavalcante, Roberto Quental Coutinho, Alexandre Duarte Gusmão
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The present work will be analyzing the access embankments of the Jitituba River Bridge, placed on the Highway AL- 413, km 12,9 – São Luiz do Quintude, a small city next to Maceió, AL, Brazil, where this bridge was built, even before the access embankments. Due to the presence of a soft soil thick layer, that measures up to 12 meters of thickness, and to the construction sequence of the bridge embankments, there was a need to analyze not only its stability but also its general rupture and its vertical displacements, commonly considered in the projects of embankments of soft …
Field Verification Of The Energy-Based Procedure To Predict The Liquefaction Potential Of Soil Deposits, M. Tao, J. L. Figueroa, A. S. Saada
Field Verification Of The Energy-Based Procedure To Predict The Liquefaction Potential Of Soil Deposits, M. Tao, J. L. Figueroa, A. S. Saada
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents field evidence in support of the energy-base procedure to predict the liquefaction potential of soil deposits. Two recorded earthquake events which occurred at the Wildlife Site: Elmore Ranch earthquake (11/23/1987) and Superstition Hills earthquake (11/24/1987), representing nonliquefaction and liquefaction case histories respectively, were utilized to verify the energybased procedure in field situations. The nonlinearity and the degradation of shear stiffness and strength of soil deposits subjected to earthquake loading under undrained conditions were incorporated in the reconstruction of the shear stress-stain response. The effects of multi-directional excitation on the liquefaction potential and the build-up of pore water …
Performance Of Improved Ground During The 2001 Nisqually Earthquake, Elizabeth A. Hausler, Mark Koelling
Performance Of Improved Ground During The 2001 Nisqually Earthquake, Elizabeth A. Hausler, Mark Koelling
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Several sites in the Seattle area of Washington incorporated ground improvement as liquefaction mitigation or to increase bearing capacity prior to the 2001 Nisqually earthquake. Facilities with improved ground include an earthen dam, a waste repository embankment, lightweight and large plan structures, and bridge columns and approaches. The sites were improved using vibro-replacement stone columns, vibroflotation, or deep dynamic compaction. All sites performed extremely well, despite evidence of liquefaction and minor structural damage nearby. In this paper, 10 sites are summarized, and the performance of three sites located near liquefied or damaged areas will be described in detail. The detailed …
Near Source Effects And Engineering Implications Of Recent Earthquakes In Turkey, Erol Kalkan, Korhan Adalier, Ahmet Pamuk
Near Source Effects And Engineering Implications Of Recent Earthquakes In Turkey, Erol Kalkan, Korhan Adalier, Ahmet Pamuk
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The variation of both structural and geotechnical consequences of near-source effects are shown for densely populated environments, Kocaeli and Düzce (Turkey), situated on an alluvial fan at the western part of the 1500 km long North Anatolian fault (NAF) that resembles the San Andreas fault in California with its right-lateral and strike slip faulting mechanism as well as remarkably similar length and capability of generating damaging earthquakes. Recordings from two recent destructive earthquakes occurred in 1999 on the NAF suggest that nearsource impulse type ground motions may generate large input energy demands that have to be dissipated with few large …
Consideration Of The Peak Horizontal Velocity, Akihiro Takiguchi
Consideration Of The Peak Horizontal Velocity, Akihiro Takiguchi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Examining the relation between peak horizontal ground acceleration and peak horizontal ground velocity of past earthquakes, the ratio of velocity increase to acceleration increase is small for larger motions. The reason is guessed that if the earth stiffness enters the plastic zone or the earth is destroyed at high level motion, the resistance to velocity increases. Therefore, when seismic design is formulated by considering the plastic zone of materials at high-level motion, the motion energy method using velocity is more suitable than the force method using responded acceleration.
Behavior Of Reinforced Wall System During The 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit), Turkey, Earthquake, Ahmet Pamuk, Hoe I. Ling, Dov Leshchinsky, Erol Kalkan, Korhan Adalier
Behavior Of Reinforced Wall System During The 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit), Turkey, Earthquake, Ahmet Pamuk, Hoe I. Ling, Dov Leshchinsky, Erol Kalkan, Korhan Adalier
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A four-span bridge together with a 10 m-high and 100 m-long bridge approach fill was one of the highway facilities damaged due to surface faulting along the Trans-European Motorway during 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake (Mw 7.4). The fault rupture crossed beneath an overpass bridge within a few meters away from the bridge abutment while damaging the approach fill which was reinforced with a double-faced mechanically stabilized earth wall (MSEW) system. The faulting-induced excessive tectonic ground deformations including near-field seismic shakings were the main sources of damage in the walls. Such effects, along with the others, caused cracks and panel separations in …
Centrifuge Modelling Of Earthquake Effects In Uniform Deposits Of Saturated Sand, Paulo A. L. F. Coelho, Stuart K. Haigh, S. P. Gopal Madabhushi
Centrifuge Modelling Of Earthquake Effects In Uniform Deposits Of Saturated Sand, Paulo A. L. F. Coelho, Stuart K. Haigh, S. P. Gopal Madabhushi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Centrifuge models representing level uniform saturated deposits of relatively loose and dense sand were tested at Cambridge University's Schofield Centre to clarify the behaviour of these deposits under earthquake loading. The excess pore pressure, vertical propagation of the accelerations and ground surface settlements resulting from a model earthquake are presented and discussed. The results show that, for similar dynamic loading, the models undergo large shear stiffness degradation resulting from significant pore pressure build up, this taking place at a slower rate in the dense sand. As a result of the cyclic loading, the models suffer settlements, occurring mostly during the …
Reduction Of The Vibrations Caused By Transport To The General Post-Office Of Moscow, V. A. Ilyichev, L. R. Stavnitser, V. Y. Shishkin
Reduction Of The Vibrations Caused By Transport To The General Post-Office Of Moscow, V. A. Ilyichev, L. R. Stavnitser, V. Y. Shishkin
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
After the completion of base reinforcement with cast-in-place piles, instrumental analysis of foundation vibration parameters was made on the basis of the vibration survey results. The analysis showed a considerable decrease in the level of vibrations caused by transport.
Performance Of A Steel Sheet-Pile Barrier Against Ground Vibration Originating In Railway Traffics, Tadanori Nishimura, Masahiro Shoji, Kiyoshi Hayakawa
Performance Of A Steel Sheet-Pile Barrier Against Ground Vibration Originating In Railway Traffics, Tadanori Nishimura, Masahiro Shoji, Kiyoshi Hayakawa
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In order to develop an effective and practical isolation method against ground vibrations caused by running trains, the authors tried to apply sheet pile walls beside of real railway tracks. Field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of this countermeasure for reducing the ground vibrations. An estimation method for vibration reduction by sheet pile walls is presented, being based on FEM simulation analysis
Mitigation Of Train-Induced Ground Vibrations; Lessons From The Ledsgård Project, Mehdi Bahrekazemi, Anders Bodare, Bo Andréasson, Alexander Smekal
Mitigation Of Train-Induced Ground Vibrations; Lessons From The Ledsgård Project, Mehdi Bahrekazemi, Anders Bodare, Bo Andréasson, Alexander Smekal
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Ground vibrations due to train traffic on ground surface railways built on soft soil can cause annoyance to people, disturb the function of sensitive machinery in nearby buildings and increase the maintenance costs of the track. At low frequencies (< 20 Hz) the level of vibrations is highly dependent on train weight and speed. This issue must be considered in the design of new railway lines or upgrading old ones. In 1997, shortly after inauguration of the X-2000 high-speed passenger trains between Gothenburg and Malmö in the southern Sweden, extremely high vibration levels were reported in the railway structure, nearby soil and the catenaries at the Ledsgård site and other locations along the newly built ¨West Coast Line¨. In order to mitigate the vibrations and allow the trains to run at their design speed of 200 km/h, soil stabilization using the lime-cement column method was carried out in summer 2000. Measurements before and after the countermeasure showed that, vibrations in the track at maximum speed (200 km/h) were reduced by factor of ten or more. The paper presents the soil stabilization project and some results from the measurements carried out in connection with it.
Dominant Periods Of Expected Ground Motion Of Gyumri Territory By A Method Of Calculating Dominant Periods In Non-Homogenous Surface Layers Of The Earth's Crust, Hrachya Abrahamyan
Dominant Periods Of Expected Ground Motion Of Gyumri Territory By A Method Of Calculating Dominant Periods In Non-Homogenous Surface Layers Of The Earth's Crust, Hrachya Abrahamyan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The seismoresistance of buildings and constructions is substantially connected by the regularity of the ground vibrations during the strong earthquakes. The main character of any vibration is its highness of component periods. The periods firstly depend on the environmental ground. During the strong earthquakes the precise results we can get only by a method of instrumental records. During the Spitak earthquake in 1988 with M = 7.0 in Gyumri town, which is situated 30 km far from the epicenter and had developed net of seismic stations it has been got only one record, which did not give any real imaginations …