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Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering
Foundation Problems Of A Cable Stayed High Bridge And Its Approaches, Elias Sotiropoulos, Elias Alkalais
Foundation Problems Of A Cable Stayed High Bridge And Its Approaches, Elias Sotiropoulos, Elias Alkalais
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Evripos crossing project (Greece) consisted of: The main cable stayed high bridge with three spans (90m- 215m- 90m), two approach bridges with four spans (36m and 39m) and two embankments on soft marine deposits. The pylons of the main bridge were founded on cast in situ R.C. piles, 120cm diameter, embedded in ophiolithic rock or cretaceous limestones, base and skin grouted. Limestone cavities were identified by continuous recording of the borehole drilling using the Enpasol technique. A fully instrumented pile was tested for vertical and lateral loading. For the foundation of the two end piers of the high bridge …
Foundation Reinforcement Of Old Ala Building, K. Zand Parsa
Foundation Reinforcement Of Old Ala Building, K. Zand Parsa
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In Northern Tehran, a 100- years old residential masonry building is being renovated into a public library. The wooden floors of the upper story are being reinforced with an exposed steel space - frame and for settlement prevention of old bearing walls, the end bearing piles are used. During the construction of a reflective pool very close to the building, a number of masonry foundations begun sliding from under the brick columns of the main facade. In order to stop the sliding and prevent damage to the building a design was proposed to reinforce the foundation. The paper, examines the …
Long-Term Increase In Shaft Capacity Of Driven Piles In Sand, Gary Axelsson
Long-Term Increase In Shaft Capacity Of Driven Piles In Sand, Gary Axelsson
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Long-term set-up of piles in non-cohesive soil can roughly be divided into two time-dependent causes: stress relaxation leading to an increase in horizontal stress on the shaft, and soil aging leading to an increase in stiffness and dilatancy of the soil. The present paper describes a field test in which driven concrete piles, instrumented with earth pressure cells on the shaft, were tested dynamically for static pile capacity determination at different times. The objective was to measure tl1c increase in horizontal stress due to stress relaxation and compare it with the set-up evaluated from the dynamic tests. The results show …
Non-Linear Lateral Pile Deflection Predictions In Clays, Shamsher Prakash, M. H. Chen
Non-Linear Lateral Pile Deflection Predictions In Clays, Shamsher Prakash, M. H. Chen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A method to predict lateral load-deflection relationships for single free-headed piles in clay, considering the non-linear modulus of the sub grade reaction is proposed on the basis of the analysis of full-scale test data on ten piles. The modulus of the horizontal subgrade reaction, kh, was obtained from the field load-deflection data of six piles in soft clay and four piles in stiff clay. The kh values depend on lateral (shear) strain, which is related to pile diameter and deflection. Empirical equations of normalized modulus degradation with shear strain have been proposed for both soft and stiff …
Restoration Of Equalization And Aeration Tanks Of Effluent Treatment Plant At The Mysugar Factory, Mandya, Karnataka, India, S. Sudarshan, C. S. Viswanatha, T. S. Nagaraj
Restoration Of Equalization And Aeration Tanks Of Effluent Treatment Plant At The Mysugar Factory, Mandya, Karnataka, India, S. Sudarshan, C. S. Viswanatha, T. S. Nagaraj
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper deals with the restoration measures resorted to strengthen the structure and prevent the leakage of the equalization and aeration tanks of effluent treatment plant in a sugar factory. These tanks showed distress at the hydraulic test itself before commissioning due to the failure of the reinforced concrete floor and bund lining on account of loss of support due to excessive deformation of the substratum. Extensive sand piling was resorted to strengthen the substratum before recasting the reinforced concrete floor and bund lining to ensure structural stability and prevent leakage. These tanks are functioning satisfactorily since two years after …
Settlements Of Neighboring Buildings During Piling Works, A. B. Fadeev, V. N. Paramonov, V. K. Inozemtcev, V. A. Lukin, E. M. Perley
Settlements Of Neighboring Buildings During Piling Works, A. B. Fadeev, V. N. Paramonov, V. K. Inozemtcev, V. A. Lukin, E. M. Perley
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Two case histories of heavy damaging the neighbouring buildings in Sankt-Petersburg during construction the bored piles are presented. The analysis of causes of the damages has shown that ground inflow into the housing tubes due to low strength properties of water saturated liquid-plastic loams is the main cause of additional settlements of existing houses during construction the bored piles of large diameter close to them.
Track And Support Rehabilitation 1975 On Black Mesa & Lake Powell Railroad, Gerald P. Raymond
Track And Support Rehabilitation 1975 On Black Mesa & Lake Powell Railroad, Gerald P. Raymond
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Presented are the initial support and tic foundation problems of a railroad track built in 1974 to carried axle loads 21% greater than presently (1998) permitted under interchange laws. Described are the concerns related to and affecting the final rehabilitation that resulted in a final satisfactory performance. Of particular interest to the foundation engineer is the ballast, the tie and to a lesser extent the rail behaviour. The use of cobble sized river gravel in the rehabilitation permitted the establishment of guidelines for future use of this source of material where suitable quarried rock is not available. The satisfactory performance …
Validity Of Peck, Hanson And Thornburn's Spt Correction Method And Soil Pressure Chart, D. S. Tolia
Validity Of Peck, Hanson And Thornburn's Spt Correction Method And Soil Pressure Chart, D. S. Tolia
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Site investigation is a scientific process, its main objective being to provide definite values of soil properties and parameters for the foundation design and construction engineer, so that an economic and safe design can be prepared. For many years, plate loading tests have been used and yield dependable information. Geotechnical investigations of sands and sandy soils invariably involve the use of standard penetration tests (SPT) but the test results are apt to be variously interpreted with respect to foundation analysis. This paper attempts to set out a rational approach for the interpretation of the field N-values upon which the allowable …
A Case History Of Liquefaction Flow Failures In Mountains Mine Waste Dumps, W. H. Gu, N. R. Morgenstern, R. F. Dawson, P. K. Robertson
A Case History Of Liquefaction Flow Failures In Mountains Mine Waste Dumps, W. H. Gu, N. R. Morgenstern, R. F. Dawson, P. K. Robertson
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Over the past 25 years there have been a large number of flowslides in Rocky Mountain coal mine waste dumps located in British Columbia, Canada. The flowslides occurred rapidly and displayed surprisingly long distance of runout up to 2 km. Detailed field, laboratory studies, and analyses indicate that static collapse of saturated or nearly saturated sandy gravel layers within the dumps are responsible for the initial failure and ensuing flow failures. In addition to field and laboratory studies, finite element analyses were carried out on three case histories. The analysis results indicated that the flow like liquefaction failures of these …
Geotechnical Problems And Treatments Of Weathered Rock Seams Occurring In The Foundation Of Karjan Dam, Western India, Indra Prakash, A. B. Vyas
Geotechnical Problems And Treatments Of Weathered Rock Seams Occurring In The Foundation Of Karjan Dam, Western India, Indra Prakash, A. B. Vyas
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Karjan dam is located on the Deccan Basalt flows of Cretaceous - Eocene age in the Narmada valley in Gujarat state. A characteristic feature of the basalt flows in this area is conspicuous presence of a number of sub-horizontal weathered rock seams posing the foundation problems of settlement, sliding and seepage. Concrete shear keys have been provided to increase the sliding stability of dam blocks besides other remedial measures. Additional curtain grouting has been done after completion of the dam to reduce seepage.
Groundwater Conditions And Drainage Of A Large Slide, E. Sotiropoulos, B. Dendrou, P. Papanikolaou
Groundwater Conditions And Drainage Of A Large Slide, E. Sotiropoulos, B. Dendrou, P. Papanikolaou
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A large slide of great complexity, occurred on February 18, 1995 near the village of Malakasa, 36 km North of Athens, and disrupted road and rail traffic between Athens and Thessaloniki. The material in which the slide occurred can be described as a chaotic mixture of schists and breccias which have been highly disturbed by tectonic events, by ancient landslide activity and the prevailing high groundwater pressures. An understanding of the groundwater conditions in the Malakasa landslide was essential in designing remedial measures to stabilize the slide. The presence of a permanent spring and high water levels measured near the …
Instrumentation, Monitoring And Analysis Of A Landslide − A Case Study, Kishor Kumar, R. K. Panigrahi
Instrumentation, Monitoring And Analysis Of A Landslide − A Case Study, Kishor Kumar, R. K. Panigrahi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Powari Landslide which is situated at Km.367 on National Highway-22, on the right bank of river Sutlej in Kinnaur District of Himachal region of North-Western Himalaya has been active since 1987 and recurring every year in the months of July-Sept and March-May. The traffic interruption due to this slide was estimated in one year as 25 full days. 60 half days and 55 less than half days. Money spent each year only to clean the slided debris was estimated approximately from 70,000 to 2,00,000 in Indian rupees. Geological and geotechnical investigations followed by instrumentation and monitoring of this typical landslide …
An Investigation Of An Embankment Failure In Soft Clay, Bujang B. K. Huat
An Investigation Of An Embankment Failure In Soft Clay, Bujang B. K. Huat
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A number of embankment founded on soft clays have become unstable during construction of a major highway project in Malaysia. One of the embankment was back analysed based on its geometry before the failure. Measured in-situ vane shear strength was used in total stress analysis to determine the factor of safety at failure. Performance of the soft clay subsoil with regards to vertical and horizontal displacements, and piezometric response, when the failure was imminent is also described.
Landslides On Shale In Southern Illinois, Kenneth M. Berry, Thomas L. Cooling
Landslides On Shale In Southern Illinois, Kenneth M. Berry, Thomas L. Cooling
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents the case histories of two landslides in southern Illinois. The first landslide presented occurred along a highway cut at Ford's Hill on Illinois Route 3 near Chester, Illinois. The second landslide occurred in the embankment of a large retention pond in southern Illinois. Both failure planes were along the surface of the weathered shale bedrock in response to excess pore pressures. Backfigured strength at the time of failure was low and at the residual strength of the weathered shale.
Lessons Learned From The Analysis Of A Wet Core Dam, David J. Kerkes
Lessons Learned From The Analysis Of A Wet Core Dam, David J. Kerkes
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Wadaslintang Dam, constructed for the Government of Indonesia's Directorate of Irrigation, was completed m 1987 and stands approximately 120 m (394 ft) high at the maximum section with a crest length of about 700 m (2,296 ft). At the time of its completion it was the largest dam ever constructed using the wet core method of construction. Consequently, the project data constitutes a valuable case history of a large dam constructed with a soil core when it was impossible to achieve conventionally accepted standards for placement and compaction of the core zone material. The instrumentation data obtained during construction provides …
Major Landslides In Sikkim − Analysis, Correction And Protective Measures: A Case Study, A. K. Gupta, D. S. Tolia
Major Landslides In Sikkim − Analysis, Correction And Protective Measures: A Case Study, A. K. Gupta, D. S. Tolia
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper presents the case history of two major landslides in Sikkim which had proved to be a source of continual trouble for many years since 1973, causing considerable recurring financial strain on the Border Roads Organisation in order to keep the communications through Highway cuttings in the Sikkim Himalaya are exposed to hazardous landslides of a bewildering variety. Geotechnical investigations have often revealed their complex and violent nature usually associated with high and steep cuttings in immature geological settings, severe river-erosion of toe slopes particularly due to flash floods, deforestation and faulty subsurface and surface drainage conditions during heavy …
Procedure For In-Situ Evaluation Of Geotechnical Parameters Of High Dams, Zbigniew Mlynarek, Wojciech Tschuschke, Jędrzej Wiersbicki
Procedure For In-Situ Evaluation Of Geotechnical Parameters Of High Dams, Zbigniew Mlynarek, Wojciech Tschuschke, Jędrzej Wiersbicki
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
An essential problem in constructing dams which are continually built and their height exceeds 30 m, is current checking of strength parameters of the dam and subsoil. The paper presents several modem procedures for evaluating strength parameters of a dam and subsoil on the example of constructing post-flotation wastes from copper ore mine in Rudna, Poland. Results and interpretation of tests with dilatocone, conductivity cone are given .as well as those for routine CPT, CPTU penetration techniques. The paper also contains some information on the unique dump - Żelazny Most Reservoir.
Repair Of Scour Holes And Levees After The 1993 Flood, Mary P. Perlea, Robert L. Pearce, Kathleen E. Lust, Charles W. Detrick
Repair Of Scour Holes And Levees After The 1993 Flood, Mary P. Perlea, Robert L. Pearce, Kathleen E. Lust, Charles W. Detrick
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The record high water during the summer of 1993 significantly impacted the flood control levee structures in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District. Scour holes in the levees and their foundations reached bedrock, up to 75 feet deep in some places, and extended up to 2,000 feet landward of the landside toe on lengths reaching 2,100 feet along selected levee embankments. Different methods used by the Corps of Engineers to repair the scoured levee embankment and foundation soils, their hydraulic impact on river stages, and the efficiency of different methods are presented. The methods discussed consist of: …
Safety Of Dams Modifications Of Ochoco Dam − Crooked River Project, Oregon, Brent H. Carter, Richard A. Link
Safety Of Dams Modifications Of Ochoco Dam − Crooked River Project, Oregon, Brent H. Carter, Richard A. Link
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Ochoco Dam, a hydraulic fill structure, was completed in 1920 and is located just east of Prineville, Oregon. Foundation units consist of a massive landslide, talus/alluvial fan complex, alluvium, and John Day Formation. Dam embankment right-abutment seepage occurred during first filling. Upstream right-abutment treatment in 1921 reduced this seepage from an estimated 43 cfs to approximately 28 cfs. Further modifications were completed in 1950 reducing seepage to approximately 12 cfs. As part of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's dam safety program, geotechnical investigations were started in 1985. Following this program, erratic piezometer readings in 1989 and sinkhole development along the …
Stabilization Of An Existing Slope Supporting Underground Storage Tanks At The Top, Sanjeev Kumar
Stabilization Of An Existing Slope Supporting Underground Storage Tanks At The Top, Sanjeev Kumar
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A case history of evaluation and remediation of an existing slope supporting two 15,000-gallon underground storage tanks at the top of the slope is presented. The slope was constructed more than 20 years ago by placing fill on the side slope of a valley formed by a creek, without properly benching and clearing the slope prior to placement of the fill. The slope stability analysis showed that the slope in its existing condition was potentially unstable. The selection of the remediation technique was relatively complicated because of the presence of underground storage tanks at the top of the slope, the …
Stage 1 Geotechnical Studies For Interstate 15 Reconstruction Project, Salt Lake County, Utah, K. N. Gunalan, Thomas S. Lee, Si Sakhai
Stage 1 Geotechnical Studies For Interstate 15 Reconstruction Project, Salt Lake County, Utah, K. N. Gunalan, Thomas S. Lee, Si Sakhai
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Interstate 15 Reconstruction Project includes rebuilding of 137 bridges; widening the existing three general purpose lane roadway to four general purpose lane with a HOV lane and an auxiliary lane roadway, and other associated work such as converting the existing diamond interchanges to single point urban interchanges (SPUI). The project will be built under a design-build procurement process and is anticipated to be completed in 4 ½ years by October of 2001. The subsurface soils beneath the corridor consist of lake deposits (Lake Bonneville), namely soft to medium stiff plastic clays, silts and loose to medium dense sands ranging in …
Survey Of Seepage Through Heightened Earthfill Dam With High-Density Electrical Prospecting Method, Yoshikazu Yamaguchi, Hitoshi Yoshida, Yutaka Imabayashi, Tadahiko Sakamoto
Survey Of Seepage Through Heightened Earthfill Dam With High-Density Electrical Prospecting Method, Yoshikazu Yamaguchi, Hitoshi Yoshida, Yutaka Imabayashi, Tadahiko Sakamoto
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
High-density electrical prospecting was conducted on a heightened earthfill darn during the first filling of the reservoir to study the possibility of applying this prospecting method to examination of zoned structures inside an embankment darn and monitoring of seepage through the dam body. Visual Inspection and measurement with the measuring devices were also conducted to control the safety of the dam. As a result, it was found that zoned structures inside the dam such as a newly built embankment, an existing embankment, and drain are zones each having a different resistivity value. In addition, since the area where the resistivity …
Factor Analysis Of Damage To Small Earth Dams Due To The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake, Tomoya Iwashita, Akira Nakamura, Shinji Yokoyama, Norihisa Matsumoto, Hitoshi Yoshida
Factor Analysis Of Damage To Small Earth Dams Due To The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake, Tomoya Iwashita, Akira Nakamura, Shinji Yokoyama, Norihisa Matsumoto, Hitoshi Yoshida
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Damage to small earth dams due to the Hyogoken-Namby Earthquake of January 17, 1995 is discussed. Investigations of 266 dams were conducted in the area where the JMA seismic intensity was 5 or higher, and which were located within about 50 kilometers from the earthquake source fault. Small earth dams suffered various forms of damage such as longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, settlement and deformation of the dam body. The damage to small earth dams was classified into five grades from no damage to severe damage such as a complete failure. The damage grade was analyzed by several factors such as …
Ground Motion Measurements From The Demolition Of Steel Towers, Jagadish R. Joshi, Richard C. Lee
Ground Motion Measurements From The Demolition Of Steel Towers, Jagadish R. Joshi, Richard C. Lee
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Steel towers from a decommissioned heavy water plant were to be demolished. Ground motions due to the proposed felling were estimated in order to assess the structural integrity of neighboring buildings and piping systems. The extraction towers were 125 feet (38.1 m) high in two sizes: 6.5 and II feet (1.98 and 3.35 m) inside diameters weighing 215 X 103 and 470 X 103 lb (956 X 103 and 2.1 X 106 N). The total potential energy of the tower collapse was about 15 X 106 and 32 X 106 ft-lb (20.3 X 10 …
Lateral Loading Tests In The Pit For A Large-Diameter Deep Pile, Takahiro Sakata, Kenji Matsui, Yoshito Maeda, Hidetoshi Ochiai
Lateral Loading Tests In The Pit For A Large-Diameter Deep Pile, Takahiro Sakata, Kenji Matsui, Yoshito Maeda, Hidetoshi Ochiai
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Although the ground supporting the foundation can be regarded as three-dimensional nonlinear continuous body, in design, grounds are modeled as linear elastic springs. However, in reality, grounds exhibit nonlinear load-displacement (ρ-δ) characteristics. In Specifications for Highway Bridges (Japan Road Association, 1994), ground reaction coefficient is defined as the secant slope of noticeable displacement and load intensity on ρ-δ curve corrected according to width of foundation. For the purpose of examining the scale effect of large-diameter pile, this paper presents a study on scale effect of lateral ground reaction coefficient based on results of lateral loading tests performed using large loading …
On The Behavior Of Longitudinal Strain Of A Buried Pipe Subjected To Ground Spread Caused By Liquefaction Observed In Centrifuge Model Tests, Katsumi Ozeki, Ikuo Katayama
On The Behavior Of Longitudinal Strain Of A Buried Pipe Subjected To Ground Spread Caused By Liquefaction Observed In Centrifuge Model Tests, Katsumi Ozeki, Ikuo Katayama
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The behavior of longitudinal strain of buried pipes subjected to ground spread was investigated by scale model tests using a large centrifuge test facility. The longitudinal strain of buried pipes subjected to longitudinal ground spread is found to be generated by the energy of movement but not the displacement of the spreading soil. First, the remarkable strain appears at the initial transient phase of the spread, reaches its maximum and finally decays during the time the displacement of the spread proceeds. Next, it can be indicated that the induced pipe strains may have linear relationships with the square of velocities …
Results Of Dynamic Testing On Friction H-Piles, Carlos M. Sevilla, Joseph M. Gilroy, John Jenkins
Results Of Dynamic Testing On Friction H-Piles, Carlos M. Sevilla, Joseph M. Gilroy, John Jenkins
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A case history on the design and installation of pile foundations for support two taxiway bridges at the MidAmerica Airport is presented. The pile foundations included the use of heavy HP steel piles designed as friction piles embedded in a stiff clayey silt till. Typical pile foundations in the area consist of H-piles or closed-ended pipe piles driven to bedrock. The use of slightly shorter friction piles allowed substantial savings due to the large number of piles required to support the heavily-loaded bridges. An extensive dynamic testing program was performed to measure allowable pile capacities and soil setup. The taxiway …
Soil Dilation And Shear Deformations During Liquefaction, Ahmed-W. Elgamal, Ricardo Dobry, Ender Parra, Zhaohui Yang
Soil Dilation And Shear Deformations During Liquefaction, Ahmed-W. Elgamal, Ricardo Dobry, Ender Parra, Zhaohui Yang
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Recent records of seismic site response have documented a salient liquefaction-induced cyclic shear-deformation mechanism. During liquefaction, these ground acceleration records have suggested a possible strong influence of soil-skeleton dilation at large cyclic shear strain excursions. Such phases of dilation can result in significant regain in shear stiffness and strength, leading to: i) associated instances of pore-pressure reduction. ii) appearance of spikes in lateral acceleration records (as a direct consequence of the increased shear resistance), and iii) a strong restraining effect on the magnitude of cyclic and accumulated permanent shear strains. As presented in this study, these response effects are also …
Soil Liquefaction In Nepal-Bihar Earthquake Of August 21, 1988, Shyamal Mukarjee, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania
Soil Liquefaction In Nepal-Bihar Earthquake Of August 21, 1988, Shyamal Mukarjee, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Liquefaction of the soil occurred at many places in the Nepal-Bihar earthquake. In the great earthquake of 1934 in this region, there had also been wide spread liquefaction of soil. Analysis for determining the influence of acceleration level, relative density, particle size and depth of soil on liquefiability of soil has been carried out, using the three most commonly used approaches and the difference in the results brought out.
Study On Mechanism Of Caisson Type Sea Wall Movement During Earthquakes, Masayuki Sato, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Satoshi Katayama
Study On Mechanism Of Caisson Type Sea Wall Movement During Earthquakes, Masayuki Sato, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Satoshi Katayama
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Model vibration tests under gravity and centrifuge model vibration tests in 50G were performed to investigate the behavior of caisson type sea mill with reclaimed ground below and behind the caisson. In the tests, sliding of caisson occurred only during excitation, which indicates that it is impossible to predict the displacement of caisson and the deformation of back-fill ground without taking account of both inertia force of caisson and dynamic earth pressure. As for the dynamic earth pressure acts on the caisson, it was found that when input acceleration is small, the dynamic earth pressure seems to restrain the movement …