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Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering
Ground Failure During Loma Prieta Eq - Downtown Santa Cruz, Alan Kropp, Michael Thomas
Ground Failure During Loma Prieta Eq - Downtown Santa Cruz, Alan Kropp, Michael Thomas
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Ground failure occurred in numerous locations in the downtown Santa Cruz area during the Lorna Prieta Earthquake. These failures included liquefaction, lateral spreading and lurch cracking. Mapping of many of these features was made within three days of the earthquake, before heavy rains obscured much of the surface evidence. Data from a United States Geological Survey study of liquefaction potential in Santa Cruz has been examined. In addition, subsurface information has been collected from several downtown subsurface exploration studies. A comparison has been made between areas where ground failure was predicted and where it occurred during the Lorna Prieta Earthquake. …
Lifeline And Geotechnical Aspects Of The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, T. D. O'Rourke, H. E. Stewart, T. E. Gowdy, J. W. Pease
Lifeline And Geotechnical Aspects Of The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, T. D. O'Rourke, H. E. Stewart, T. E. Gowdy, J. W. Pease
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper provides an overview of areas in San Francisco which were affected by soil liquefaction and significant ground deformation as a result of the Loma Prieta earthquake. The distribution of pipeline system damage is examined, and comparisons are made between 1989 and 1906 patterns of water supply damage. Special attention is given to the Marina to illustrate how the natural site conditions and artificial fills contributed to soil liquefaction and buried pipeline damage of both the water and gas distribution networks. Finally, the liquefaction potentials of natural beach and sand bar deposits, land-tipped fill, and hydraulic fill are evaluated …
Liquefaction Of Soils In The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, Raymond B. Seed, Michael F. Riemer, Stephen E. Dickenson
Liquefaction Of Soils In The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, Raymond B. Seed, Michael F. Riemer, Stephen E. Dickenson
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The Loma Prieta Earthquake of October 17, 1989 was the most costly single natural disaster in U.S. history, resulting in losses of $7 to $9 billion, and claiming 63 lives. These damages were concentrated mainly at a number of distinct sites comprising a relatively small fraction of the affected region, as local site conditions and related geotechnical factors exerted a major influence on damage patterns and loss of life in this catastrophic event. This paper discusses one of these geotechnical factors, the widespread occurrence of soil liquefaction during the earthquake, as well as the associated damages and the resulting lessons …
Prediction Of Loma Prieta Earthquake And Creation Of Awareness About It In Society, Arun Bapat
Prediction Of Loma Prieta Earthquake And Creation Of Awareness About It In Society, Arun Bapat
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Prediction of earthquake as an exercise of academic interest is one activity. Creation of awareness about seismic disaster and its mitigation is more broad base social activity. It is necessary that the predicted seismic event is likely to occur, people in the vulnerable seismic area should be told about the utility of macroseismic, short-term reliable earthquake precursors, which could be observed by common man. The happenings involving both the above cases for Loma Prieta earthquake are discussed.
Site Stratigraphy And Its Effects On Soil Amplification In The Greater Oakland Area During The October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, J. David Rogers
Site Stratigraphy And Its Effects On Soil Amplification In The Greater Oakland Area During The October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, J. David Rogers
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
The Loma Prieta Earthquake: Implications Of Structural Damage, S. A. Mahin
The Loma Prieta Earthquake: Implications Of Structural Damage, S. A. Mahin
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The Loma Prieta earthquake provides a wealth of information on the seismic response of a wide variety of structures over a large metropolitan area. Soil amplification at sites distant from the epicenter contributed significantly to the substantial damages developed during the earthquake. Because of the large shaken area, the earthquake provides much useful information for all those interested in earthquake engineering. Structural damages resulting from the earthquake are reviewed herein with emphasis on buildings and bridges. Implications for modern design and retrofit methods are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the need to carefully consider soil conditions, to treat the structure …
A Study On Pile Forces Of A Pile Group In Layered Soil Under Seismic Loadings, Hasegawa Masayuki, Nakal Shoichi
A Study On Pile Forces Of A Pile Group In Layered Soil Under Seismic Loadings, Hasegawa Masayuki, Nakal Shoichi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Characteristics of pile forces under seismic loadings are discussed from view points of the inertial interaction due to the mass effect of a superstructure and the kinematic interaction due to the resistance effect of piles against soil motions. A typical building supported on a pile group embedded in a layered soil, which has two- and four layer profiles, is chosen for studying the pile forces which imply the shearing force and bending moment. The earthquake response analysis is performed in accordance with the substructure method, in which the group effect of piles in the layered soil is appropriately included by …
Characteristics Of Vertical Ground Motions Recorded During The Lorna Prieta Earthquake, Marshall Lew
Characteristics Of Vertical Ground Motions Recorded During The Lorna Prieta Earthquake, Marshall Lew
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A study of a limited number of vertical ground motion acceleration-time histories recorded during the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 has been made. It has been found that maximum vertical ground motions may be greater than the horizontal ground motions in the near vicinity of the fault rupture zone. The limited records suggest that there is more spectral energy at very short structural periods in the vertical ground motions as compared with the horizontal ground motions. At longer periods, the vertical energy is significantly less, however, there is an increasing trend for very long structural periods.
Considerations To Damage Patterns In The Marina District During The Loma Prieta Earthquake Based On Rayleigh Wave Investigation, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shoei Nomura, Shinichi Kuwayama, Shuji Tamura, Akio Abe
Considerations To Damage Patterns In The Marina District During The Loma Prieta Earthquake Based On Rayleigh Wave Investigation, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shoei Nomura, Shinichi Kuwayama, Shuji Tamura, Akio Abe
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Rayleigh wave investigation is made in the Marina District to study geotechnical factors controlling the damage patterns in the Loma Prieta earthquake. A portable system has been developed for determining a Rayleigh wave dispersion curve based on the measurements of artificially induced ground vibration or microtremor. Five sites are selected along a line crossing the hydraulic fill zone in which structures and/or buried utilities were significantly damaged. An inverse analysis on the measured dispersion curves results in a cross section of shear wave velocity profiles in the District. Site amplification and liquefaction potential of each site are estimated and discussed …
Contributed Papers: Discussions And Replies, T. Kagawa
Contributed Papers: Discussions And Replies, T. Kagawa
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Ground Motion Characteristics Of The San Francisco Bay Area Detected By Microtremor Measurements, T. Ohmachi, Y. Nakamura, T. Toshinawa
Ground Motion Characteristics Of The San Francisco Bay Area Detected By Microtremor Measurements, T. Ohmachi, Y. Nakamura, T. Toshinawa
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Microtremor measurement was done mainly in the damaged areas in San Francisco and Oakland after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The observation areas were (1) the Marina District, (2) Cypress Street, (3) the Embarcadero, and (4) South of Market District. Predominant frequency (Fp) and amplification factor (Ap) obtained from a spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components were evaluated for each observation cite. Difference in the degree of damage in the areas (1) and (4) was coincident with difference in Ap and Fp. Significant difference could not be found in Ap and Fp between the areas (2) and (3).
Investigation Of Sanitary Landfill Slope Performance During Strong Ground Motion From The Loma Prieta Earthquake Of October 17, 1989, Mervin E. Johnson, Joan Lundy, Marshall Lew, Monte E. Ray
Investigation Of Sanitary Landfill Slope Performance During Strong Ground Motion From The Loma Prieta Earthquake Of October 17, 1989, Mervin E. Johnson, Joan Lundy, Marshall Lew, Monte E. Ray
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper evaluates the performance of landfill slopes (refuse fill slopes) during strong ground motion from the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake (M7.1) that affected the Santa Cruz Mountains - San Francisco Bay region. The earthquake's occurrence in a highly populated area that contains the waste disposal sites for this large population offered a unique opportunity to review the performance of slopes on the landfills. Current state and federal regulations require the analysis of stability of landfills under seismic loading. To date, these evaluations have relied on gross simplified assumptions. This paper examines whether these assumptions are reasonably correct. …
Liquefaction And Surface Settlement In The Marina District, D. Rosidi, W. B. Wigginton
Liquefaction And Surface Settlement In The Marina District, D. Rosidi, W. B. Wigginton
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper evaluates the liquefaction potential of sands within the Marina District. Three types of underlying potentially liquefiable soil deposits are studied: (A) Hydraulic fill, (B) Artificial fill, and (C) Strawberry Island and other modern beach deposits. A liquefaction analysis for each of these deposits is conducted. It is suggested that a Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of approximately 0.1g is needed in the Marina District to initiate liquefaction. Relations between PGA and thickness of liquefiable soil, as well as potential surface settlement are presented. These relationships are useful for the study of expected performance of the Marina District in future …
On The Site Amplification Characteristics In San Francisco Bay Region Due To The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Type Loadings, Kesuke Baba, Yutaka Inoue, Takashi Nishigaki
On The Site Amplification Characteristics In San Francisco Bay Region Due To The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Type Loadings, Kesuke Baba, Yutaka Inoue, Takashi Nishigaki
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A large earthquake occurred in the Santa Cruz mountains, California, on 17 October 1989, and many structures and facilities in the San Francisco Bay region suffered fatal damage from the seismic motion. In order to evaluate the ground amplification characteristics in the region, the practical method of representing the seismic wave field may be necessary. This paper is concerned with a theoretical analysis and numerical evaluation based on the wave propagation theory to find the dynamic characteristics of the slightly sedimental basin around the San Francisco Bay due to the Loma Prieta earthquake type excitations. Numerical examples of this system …
Sanitary Landfill Performance During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Dennis Buranek, Sangeeta Prasad
Sanitary Landfill Performance During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Dennis Buranek, Sangeeta Prasad
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake subjected a number of solid waste or sanitary landfills to significant shaking. The performance of sanitary landfills during large earthquakes is of great interest to the public, state and federal agencies, and the landfill owners. The observed performance of six sanitary landfills located within the Lorna Prieta earthquake damage zone is compared with the performance predicted by a commonly used deformation analysis technique. The six landfills were inspected immediately after the October 17, 1989, magnitude 7.1 earthquake. Damage and evidence of slope movement, or lack thereof, was recorded. The mean peak ground accelerations …
Seismic Design Basis — The Uk Regulatory Position For New Nuclear Reactors, C. M. Patchett, R. J. Stubbs
Seismic Design Basis — The Uk Regulatory Position For New Nuclear Reactors, C. M. Patchett, R. J. Stubbs
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The purpose of this paper is to outline the seismic regulatory requirements relating to the site licensing of new nuclear power installations in the UK, and to describe the background and justification of the seismic design basis level for such installations. It outlines the potential seismic related hazards which should be covered, the factors which are considered important in establishing the level of hazard under consideration, and the techniques which could be used for hazard evaluation. In addition, the paper covers the level of uncertainty associated with the methodology and analytical techniques used in evaluating the seismic hazards.
Site Effects In The Loma Prieta Earthquake And Comparison With An Earthquake Intensity Prediction Method, Hatukazu Mizuno, Akio Abe
Site Effects In The Loma Prieta Earthquake And Comparison With An Earthquake Intensity Prediction Method, Hatukazu Mizuno, Akio Abe
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Strong motion records of the Loma Prieta Earthquake of October, 17, 1989 have been analyzed in comparison with epicentral distances and types of soil deposits, and site effects and attenuation relations have been studied. Site effects are significantly recognized in the earthquake, as usually found in Japanese earthquakes. And validity of the U.S. seismic intensity prediction method that Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) adopted to prepare some earthquake preparedness maps has been examined on the basis of the Loma Prieta Earthquake data. Finally, soil damping of San Francisco Bay Area has been evaluated from the strong motion records.
The Liquefaction Sand Boils In The San Francisco Marina District During The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, J. P. Bardet, M. Kapuskar
The Liquefaction Sand Boils In The San Francisco Marina District During The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, J. P. Bardet, M. Kapuskar
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The paper presents and analyzes the observations of the sand boils that emerged in the Marina District after the Loma Prieta Earthquake of October 17, 1989. The sand boils left behind by liquefaction revealed an old lagoon, the periphery of which had experienced severe damage in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The buildings in the Marina District were damaged primarily as the liquefied ground spread laterally along the shoreline of the 1906 lagoon that was filled to host the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. The present work infers that the sand boils are not random phenomena but instrumental …
Centrifuge Modeling For Dynamic Geotechnical Studies, R. S. Steedman
Centrifuge Modeling For Dynamic Geotechnical Studies, R. S. Steedman
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The field of dynamic centrifuge modelling has developed rapidly over the past decade, with international interest in both earthquake and blast modelling. The paper discusses the proliferation of facilities and the insight that can be gained from the interpretation of dynamic model test data now available using hand calculations and advanced techniques of digital signal processing.
Constitutive Modelling Of Soils And Computation Of Earthquake Damage And Liquefaction, O. C. Zienkiewicz, M. Pastor, Y. M. Xie
Constitutive Modelling Of Soils And Computation Of Earthquake Damage And Liquefaction, O. C. Zienkiewicz, M. Pastor, Y. M. Xie
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
For realistic modelling oi deformation and collapse of soil structures, an accurate constitutive model for the soil materials is necessary. In this paper we shall show i) how such very successful models can be obtained by the use of generalized plasticity theory; ii) the modification of such models for semi-saturated behavior; and finally iii) How incorporation of such models into a two phase computer program allows the solution of complex problems. A possible mode of failure of the San Fernando dam is included. This paper is divided into three parts according to the above.
Earthquake Geotechnology In Offshore Structures, R. G. Bea
Earthquake Geotechnology In Offshore Structures, R. G. Bea
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Current developments in earthquake geotechnology in offshore structures are summarized. These developments include measurements of sea floor and platform motions induced by earthquakes and analyses of platform structure and foundation systems. Results from these recent developments are illustrated.
Field And Laboratory Determination Of Soil Properties At Low And High Strains, R. D. Woods
Field And Laboratory Determination Of Soil Properties At Low And High Strains, R. D. Woods
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Over the past quarter century many testing methods have been used to determine soil properties for dynamic analysis. Most methods had been established by the time of the writer's review (Woods, 1978), and since then, changes have been mostly evolutionary. Many field and laboratory techniques are represented in papers submitted to this conference and these are reviewed, but additional citations from literature in the intervening years has been included for completeness. No claim is made that all pertinent literature is included, but that most methods of field and laboratory testing methods are covered with representative citations.
Flow Failure Of Liquefied Sand In Large-Scale Shaking Tables, Kenji Ishihara, Mikio Takeuchi
Flow Failure Of Liquefied Sand In Large-Scale Shaking Tables, Kenji Ishihara, Mikio Takeuchi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Laboratory studies on flow failure in liquefied sand deposits using large-scale shaking tables are briefly introduced, together with a case study on the lateral deformation in the field. The key parameters influencing the occurrence of flow-type deformation are discussed in an effort to figure out a mechanism or scenario of the flow failure. In one series of the laboratory studies, shaking table tests were performed to examine the effectiveness of a preventive measure against the flow slide. This aspect is also discussed briefly.
Piles Under Dynamic Loads, M. Novak
Piles Under Dynamic Loads, M. Novak
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The paper deals with some of the more recent developments in pile dynamics. It reviews the progress in the analysis of single piles and pile groups, field as well as laboratory experiments and soil-pile-structure interaction. The influence of pile-soil interface is discussed and extensive references are given.
Seismic Amplification In The Presence Of Geological And Topographic Irregularities, E. Faccioli
Seismic Amplification In The Presence Of Geological And Topographic Irregularities, E. Faccioli
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Following some introductory remarks on the key aspects of seismic site effects evaluation and on new data of special interest from recent earthquakes, the first part of the paper discusses and compares the performance of numerical 2D and 1D models, as well as of simple exact solutions, in problems of local soil response and of topographic amplification. The second part is devoted to the illustration of a very promising computational tool, i.e. the Fourier (or pseudo spectral) method, for time-domain analyses of seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous elastic media.
Earthquake Probabilities On The New Madrid Fault And The Impact Of Loma Prieta On Central U.S. Earthquake Preparedness, David Stewart
Earthquake Probabilities On The New Madrid Fault And The Impact Of Loma Prieta On Central U.S. Earthquake Preparedness, David Stewart
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Reliable probabilities of future damaging earthquakes in the New Madrid Fault Zone for purposes of mitigation and response planning are not available, even though considerable thought and research has gone into this question. Generalizations sufficient for pre-earthquake planning do exist, however, which suggest the need to prepare for at least a 50% chance of a 6.0 surface wave magnitude event within a decade, but that a repeat of the massive 8.0 magnitude events of 1811-12 need not be of concern for at least another century or two. The Loma Prieta was a significant stimulus toward greater earthquake planning and preparation …
Fault Processes And Liquefaction In The Marine Environment, Ronald C. Chaney
Fault Processes And Liquefaction In The Marine Environment, Ronald C. Chaney
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Panel Reports: Discussions, Multiple Authors
Panel Reports: Discussions, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Soil-Pile Interaction Model For Earthquake Response Analysis Of Offshore Pile Foundations, Toyoaki Nogami
Soil-Pile Interaction Model For Earthquake Response Analysis Of Offshore Pile Foundations, Toyoaki Nogami
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Second International Conferences On Recent Advances On In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Multiple Authors
Second International Conferences On Recent Advances On In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Multiple Authors
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
No abstract provided.