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Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering
Prediction Of Fatigue Cracking And Rutting In Asphalt Pavements By Small-Scale Centrifuge Models, M. Hossien Roghani, V. P. Drnevich, Y. H. Huang
Prediction Of Fatigue Cracking And Rutting In Asphalt Pavements By Small-Scale Centrifuge Models, M. Hossien Roghani, V. P. Drnevich, Y. H. Huang
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper presents a summary of a study to investigate the feasibility of predicting fatigue cracking and rutting in full depth asphalt pavements by centrifuge modeling. This is accomplished by constructing a small-scale centrifuge model and measuring directly the resilient tensile strains at the bottom of asphalt layer and the accumulated permanent on the pavement surface under repeated loads. The purpose of using a centrifuge is to insure that the stresses and strains due to self-weight are the same in the small-scale model as in the prototype pavement. Model pavements in two different scales of 1:10 and 1:20 were constructed, …
Shaking Table Tests On Permanent Ground Displacement Due To Liquefaction, Susumu Yasuda, Hiroyoshi Kiku, Hideo Nagase
Shaking Table Tests On Permanent Ground Displacement Due To Liquefaction, Susumu Yasuda, Hiroyoshi Kiku, Hideo Nagase
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
To study the mechanism of permanent ground displacement due to liquefaction, shaking table tests were conducted. Moreover, vane tests and cyclic torsional shear tests were carried out to measure the rate of decrease of the elastic modulus and the shear strength due to liquefaction. Based on these test results, the authors proposed a simplified procedure for the prediction of permanent ground displacement. Measures to counter permanent ground displacement were also discussed based on the analysis.
Stress State And Stress Ratio Effects In Downhole And Crosshole Shear Wave Velocity Tests On Sands, Li Yan, Peter M. Byrne
Stress State And Stress Ratio Effects In Downhole And Crosshole Shear Wave Velocity Tests On Sands, Li Yan, Peter M. Byrne
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The effects of stress state and stress ratio on the maximum shear modulus, obtained from in-situ downhole and crosshole shear wave velocity tests were evaluated in the model tests. The hydraulic gradient similitude method was used to increase and control the model stress level. The downhole and crosshole shear waves were generated and received along the principal stress axes using piezoceramic bender elements. It was found that (1) the shear wave velocity is dependent upon the individual principal stresses in the directions of wave propagation and particle motion, and (2) only the stress ratio defined in the plane of wave …
Test On Behavior Of Pile Foundation In Liquefiable Soils, H. S. Liu, K. J. Chen
Test On Behavior Of Pile Foundation In Liquefiable Soils, H. S. Liu, K. J. Chen
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A series of shaking table tests were conducted to clarify the compaction effects of pile driving on sandy soils, and to investigate the failure mechanism of pile foundation in liquefiable soils. The tests showed that the soil in piled zone was densified so greatly that it became non-liquefiable after pile driving. The pore pressure ratios within this zone were far lower than unit. The settlements of pile foundation were mainly caused by the movement of soil beneath pile tips to the liquefied zone which was outside the piled zone. The failure patterns of pile foundation were rather like the Meryerhoff's …
An Alternative Method Of Measuring Spt Energy, Alex Sy, R. G. Campanella
An Alternative Method Of Measuring Spt Energy, Alex Sy, R. G. Campanella
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Despite problems associated with its repeatability and reliability, the standard Penetration Test (SPT) continues to be the most widely used in-situ test for liquefaction potential assessment. There are many factors known to influence the SPT results but the most significant factor affecting the N value is the amount of hammer energy delivered into the drill rods. The existing method of SPT energy measurement consists of attaching a load cell near the top of the drill rods and measuring the force time history during hammer impact. An alternative method of SPT energy determ1nat1on based on measurement of both force and acceleration …
Analysis Of Liquefaction Hazard Due To Earthquake, Junfei Xie, Zhaoji Shi
Analysis Of Liquefaction Hazard Due To Earthquake, Junfei Xie, Zhaoji Shi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The aim of this work is to establish a quantitative analysis approach of liquefaction hazard. Based on the microscopic field data of liquefaction it is pointed out that non-uniform settlement of building is the primary type of damages caused by sand liquefaction during earthquake. Then a computation algorithm for evaluating settlements is programmed on the basis of “Softening model” idea, and 33 liquefaction settlement events are evaluated by use of this test-computation approach. The results of these evaluations are in good agreement with the observed ones.
Analysis Of Liquefiable Sand Deposits Using Gravel Drains, Zhi-Ying Xu
Analysis Of Liquefiable Sand Deposits Using Gravel Drains, Zhi-Ying Xu
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In this paper, based on the simplified assumption about seismic pore water pressure a partial differential equation of 3-D axi-symmetrical problem which takes into account of the generation, diffusion and dissipation of seismic pore water pressure is presented. This equation is then solved by the method of separation of variables and 5-function and a mathematical formula for residual pore water pressure is obtained. The formula can be used in the calculation and design of the gravel drains installed in the sand layer prone to liquefy. The computed results by this formula are presented in a series of charts which can …
Behavior Of Fine Sand Under Cyclic Rotation Of Principal Stresses Using The Hollow Cylinder Apparatus, Panos Dakoulas, Yuanhui Sun
Behavior Of Fine Sand Under Cyclic Rotation Of Principal Stresses Using The Hollow Cylinder Apparatus, Panos Dakoulas, Yuanhui Sun
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Results of an experimental investigation on a saturated fine Ottawa Silica Sand subjected to three different types of cyclic tests are presented in this paper. The effects of principal stress rotation at a constant deviator stress on the pore water pressure buildup and the deformation characteristics of sand are evaluated in comparison with results from cyclic triaxial and cyclic torsional simple shear using the hollow cylinder apparatus. The results presented and discussed in this article, representing a small part of the experimental program, suggest that the effects of rotational shear are more important than the effects of cyclic triaxial loading …
General Report Session 3: Deformation And Liquefaction Of Sands, Silt, Gravels And Clays, R. G. Campanella, Alex Sy
General Report Session 3: Deformation And Liquefaction Of Sands, Silt, Gravels And Clays, R. G. Campanella, Alex Sy
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
It has been almost 27 years since the damaging earthquakes of 1964 which occurred in Niigata, Japan and in Alaska, USA, focused the geotechnical engineers' attention to liquefaction as a major problem in earthquake engineering. Considerable research and studies have been conducted on the subject of earthquake induced liquefaction since that time and these have included field observations, laboratory experiments and model tests, and theoretical studies. Progress in understanding the liquefaction phenomenon, in the assessment of liquefaction potential, and in the solutions to mitigate the liquefaction hazard has been made, yet the problem remains controversial in many respects, as reflected …
Dilatometer Based Liquefaction Potential Of Sites In The Imperial Valley, F. Reyna, J. L. Chameau
Dilatometer Based Liquefaction Potential Of Sites In The Imperial Valley, F. Reyna, J. L. Chameau
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The liquefaction potential of several sites in the Imperial Valley, south California, is evaluated on the basis of standard penetration, cone, and dilatometer test data. The performance of the soil deposits at these sites during past earthquakes has been documented in earlier studies. Since the dilatometer parameter Kd is expected to reflect factors (e.g. fabric, prestress, preshaking, aging) affecting liquefaction potential to a certain extent (Marchetti, 1982), this paper primarily focuses on this parameter as an index for evaluating liquefaction potential. A tentative boundary curve (in terms of stress ratio vs. Kd) for evaluating liquefaction potential that …
Dynamic Properties Of Fine-Grained Coal Refuse, C. Robert Ullrich, Barry K. Thacker, Nancy R. Roberts
Dynamic Properties Of Fine-Grained Coal Refuse, C. Robert Ullrich, Barry K. Thacker, Nancy R. Roberts
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A simplified method of slope stability analysis is presented for upstream-constructed coal tailings dams subjected to earthquake shaking. The method employs a conventional method of slices approach, in which dynamic loads are represented as psuedostatic forces applied to each slice. Excess pore water pressures are estimated from cyclic triaxial tests performed on specimens of fine coal refuse. Cyclic triaxial test results are presented for fine coal refuse materials from six sites in the western Appalachian region. Measured excess pore water pressure values appear to be influenced by fine coal processing procedures, although material plasticity and grain characteristics are also important. …
Dynamic Strength And Permanent Deformation Of Saturated Sand, Masayuki Hyodo, Noriyuki Yasufuku, Hidekazu Murata, Takeharu Konami
Dynamic Strength And Permanent Deformation Of Saturated Sand, Masayuki Hyodo, Noriyuki Yasufuku, Hidekazu Murata, Takeharu Konami
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The undrained cyclic triaxial behavior of saturated sand has been studied using anisotropically consolidated specimens. The strength and deformation under various combinations of initial static and cyclic shear stresses were attempted to clarify. The cyclic strength was first discussed, and then, the residual shear strain was investigated related with effective stress ratio at the end of each stress cycle. Finally, an empirical model was proposed for evaluating the development of pore pressure and residual shear strain of saturated sand subjected to various initial static and subsequent cyclic shear stresses.
Dynamic Strength Of Gravelly Soils And Its Relation To The Penetration Resistance, Y. Tanaka, K. Kudo, K. Kokusho, Y. Yoshida
Dynamic Strength Of Gravelly Soils And Its Relation To The Penetration Resistance, Y. Tanaka, K. Kudo, K. Kokusho, Y. Yoshida
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Undrained cyclic triaxial tests have been conducted on specimens of dense diluvial gravelly soils taken from four sites by an in-situ freeze sampling method. The test results and previous test results obtained by other researchers suggest that the dynamic strength of gravelly soils can be evaluated based on both the modified blow count of the penetration tests and on the effective confining pressure. A method for the evaluation by utilizing the large penetration test (LPT) blow counts is proposed in this paper by considering the effect of the effective confining pressure on the dynamic strength.
Earthquake-Induced Settlement In Soft Grounds, K. Yasuhara, T. Konami, M. Hyodo, K. Hirao
Earthquake-Induced Settlement In Soft Grounds, K. Yasuhara, T. Konami, M. Hyodo, K. Hirao
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Earthquake-induced settlements in clay is derived from both undrained shear deformation and post-earthquake volume change. The former is assumed to be time-independent while the latter must be time-dependent. To determine the characteristics of cyclic-induced settlements, the authors have carried out a family of cyclic triaxial tests followed by drainage on the plastic marine clay. In every test, shear strain and excess pore pressure were measured during undrained stage and volume change was measured during dissipation of excess pore pressure. In the present study, in particular, the results from cyclic triaxial tests were formulated in order to predict the variations of …
Efficient Installation Of Gravel Drains, Yoshiro Ono, Yutaka Nakajima, Katsuhiko Ito, Hiroshi Oishi
Efficient Installation Of Gravel Drains, Yoshiro Ono, Yutaka Nakajima, Katsuhiko Ito, Hiroshi Oishi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The gravel drain system aims to avert liquefaction in a sandy soil by quickly dissipating excess pore water pressure. We have developed a compaction-rod type machine which allows efficient construction of gravel drains. Main attributes of this machine are: (1) extremely fast installation of gravel drains, (2) low noise, (3) low level of vibration, (4) virtually no ground deformation during construction, and (5) densification of the surrounding soil. Large-scale model tests demonstrated that a cone-type compaction rod is most effective in densifying the surrounding soil when installing gravel drains with our machine.
Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential For An Earth Dam Site, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania, J. N. Sharma, S. Mukerjee
Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential For An Earth Dam Site, Bhagwat V. K. Lavania, J. N. Sharma, S. Mukerjee
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The foundation of the proposed Polavaram Earth and Rockfill Dam (India) has a sand deposit about 15 to 30 meters deep. The medium size sand is poorly to uniformly graded having relati.ve density in the range of 40-45% and angle of internal friction 30°. Standard Penetration Tests have been conducted in 22 bore holes at site and the N-counts have been observed to range between 4 to 111. The liquefaction potential of deposit under maximum credible earthquake (MCE) for the site has been evaluated by analyzing the data on the basis of prevailing empirical approaches and by the results of …
Experiments On Soil Spring Constants During Liquefaction, Masakatsu Miyajima, Masaru Kitaura
Experiments On Soil Spring Constants During Liquefaction, Masakatsu Miyajima, Masaru Kitaura
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The present paper deals with the soil spring constant on pipeline in relation to liquefaction process. The soil spring constant is one of the most influential factors in evaluation of the pipeline failure induced by soil liquefaction. Laboratory tests were conducted using a steel pipe in order to obtain the hysteresis curve of pipe-soil layer system. Based on the experimental results, the authors propose a model of the restoring force characteristics which is represented by two soil spring constants K1 and K2. Furthermore, the authors investigated K1 and K2 in relation to the effective stress …
Fuzzy Multifactorial Evaluation On Liquefaction Of Saturated Sandy Soil, Chang Hong
Fuzzy Multifactorial Evaluation On Liquefaction Of Saturated Sandy Soil, Chang Hong
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In this paper, according to the principle of fuzzy mathematics, five principal factors are considered, earthquake intensity I, the thickness of overburden 1Ryer of non-liquefacted cohesive soil Ho, SPT blow count (China) N, the depth of point of SPT ds, and groundwater level dw, at the same time, the subordinate functions of them are estab1ished. The rank of liquefaction is classified into four sorts: non-liquefaction, probable-non-liquefaction, probable-liquefaction and liquefaction. The fuzzy multifactorial evaluation is presented for predicting site earthquake liquefaction of sandy soil, and the operation of M (.,+)is applied to calculation of fuzzy matrix. At last, a comparison between …
Geotechnical Damage Due To Bihar Earthquake Of August 1988, Sudhir K. Jain, Anil K. Agrawal, Raghunath P. Tripathi
Geotechnical Damage Due To Bihar Earthquake Of August 1988, Sudhir K. Jain, Anil K. Agrawal, Raghunath P. Tripathi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of August 21, 1988 (magnitude 6.6) caused significant loss of life and property. Besides the epicentral area, two distant places (Munger in India and Bhaktapur in Nepal) suffered significantly. This was also the case in the 1934 earthquake (magnitude 8.4) and is due to peculiar geology of the area. Geotechnical damage in the affected area includes liquefaction, cracking and subsidence of embankments, and cracks in bridge abutments and wing walls. Besides, in the hilly regions of Sikkim, landslides and rockfalls disrupted road network significantly. Extensive damage took place in the eastern Nepal also. This paper describes the …
Index Of Shear Wave Velocity In Diluvial Gravel Samples, Shin'ya Nishio, Katsuyuki Tamaoki
Index Of Shear Wave Velocity In Diluvial Gravel Samples, Shin'ya Nishio, Katsuyuki Tamaoki
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Measurements of shear wave velocities, Vs, during triaxial compression tests were conducted on undisturbed samples obtained from a diluvial gravel deposit. The reconstituted gravel samples were also tested to compare the characteristics of shear wave velocity. The results of these measurements indicated that Vs increases at the initial stage of the triaxial compression tests, and decreases gradually until the failure of specimen and that the reduction in Vs was more noticeable for the undisturbed samples than for the reconstituted samples. The results also revealed a unique relationship between Vs when evaluating the effect of stress ratio …
Influence Of Liquefaction To Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction, Tadahiko Shiomi, Michlo Sugumoto, Yoshimasa Shigeno, Yoshio Suzuki
Influence Of Liquefaction To Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction, Tadahiko Shiomi, Michlo Sugumoto, Yoshimasa Shigeno, Yoshio Suzuki
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Influence of liquefaction on a pile-soil-structure interaction is studied by a dynamic effective analysis code (MuDIAN). The soil properties are modeled by a Mohr-Coulomb assumption with a dilatancy model. Liquefaction takes place in shallow depth and cause the change of dynamic behavior. The approaches evaluation method of soil constants and results are reported in details.
Liquefaction Analysis For Rubber Dam And Review Of Case Histories Of Liquefaction Of Gravels, Julio E. Valera, Jon Y. Kaneshiro
Liquefaction Analysis For Rubber Dam And Review Of Case Histories Of Liquefaction Of Gravels, Julio E. Valera, Jon Y. Kaneshiro
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A geotechnical investigation for the design and construction of an air-inflated rubber dam (for ground-water recharge) was performed, including evaluation of the liquefaction potential of the dam's foundation. The dam, about 300 feet long and 13 feet high when fully inflated is located along Alameda Creek at the upper part of the alluvial fan near Fremont, California. The sediments at the site are generally sandy gravels and gravelly sands. In order to fully investigate the liquefaction potential of the gravelly soils, the soils themselves were studied, and case histories involving similar conditions were reviewed. These case histories indicate that, in …
Liquefaction Analysis Of Sands: Some Interpretation Of Seed's KΑ (Sloping Ground) And KΣ (Depth) Correction Factors Using Steady State Concept, V. S. Pillai
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Seed's Liquefaction Assessment Chart (SLAC) correlates the corrected SPT blow count (N1)60 to the cyclic stress ratio required to cause liquefaction for free field level ground conditions. However, the cyclic stress ratio or the liquefaction resistance of a soil under sloping ground (initial static shear) and at depth (high confining pressure) would be significantly different from that derived from the SLAC. To correct the liquefaction resistance for the initial static shear and confining pressure, factors Kα and Kσ are used respectively. The factors have significant influence on the evaluation of liquefaction resistance against earthquake loading …
Liquefaction Criterion For Sand Deposits During Earthquake, Wu Yuejin
Liquefaction Criterion For Sand Deposits During Earthquake, Wu Yuejin
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In this paper, the cyclic stress conditions for the liquefaction of sand samples and deposits are presented. The liquefaction criterion for sand deposits during earthquake is given. Finally the criterion is discussed from two aspects.
Liquefaction During Two Moderate-Recent Earthquakes In India, Pramod N. Agrawal
Liquefaction During Two Moderate-Recent Earthquakes In India, Pramod N. Agrawal
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The observations of liquefaction during the Cachar earthquake of N.E. India in December 31, 1984 (M=5.6) and the Great Nicobar earthquake of January 20, 1982 (M=6.3) have been reported. These observation, at short epicentral distances where duration of sustained motion was insufficient to postulate induced dynamic increase in pore water pressure, have been explained as quick-sand phenomena due to disturbance of soil structure under the influence of impulsive force associated with rupture at source. The proposed physical mechanism also explains well the bending of ceiling fan blades in Cachar earthquake and upthrow of objects during earthquakes in general. The discussion …
Liquefaction Induced Permanent Ground Displacement In Niigata City, Masanori Hamada, Kazue Wakamatsu, Susumu Yasuda
Liquefaction Induced Permanent Ground Displacement In Niigata City, Masanori Hamada, Kazue Wakamatsu, Susumu Yasuda
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Permanent ground displacement resulting from the 1964 Niigata Earthquake were studied based on pre- and post-earthquake aerial surveys. In the area along the Shinano River and the Tsusen River, extensive large ground displacements up to about 10 m occurred towards the river, though the ground was almost flat. To ascertain the mechanism of such large ground displacement, several detailed soil investigations were conducted. And it was clarified that the gradient of the ground surface, the gradient of the bottom of the liquefied layer and the thickness of the liquefied layer were main factors affecting to the such large ground displacement.
Liquefaction Potential Evaluation Based On Rayleigh Wave Investigation And Its Comparison With Field Behavior, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shuji Tamura, Shinichi Kuwayama
Liquefaction Potential Evaluation Based On Rayleigh Wave Investigation And Its Comparison With Field Behavior, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shuji Tamura, Shinichi Kuwayama
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A simplified method is presented for evaluating liquefaction potential of sand deposits using shear wave velocity. Effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through field tests at 17 sites in Niigata city where field performance during the 1964 Niigata earthquake is known. A modified version of steady state Rayleigh wave method is used in which the amplitude ratio between vertical and horizontal ground surface motions can be measured in addition to the phase velocity. Based on the measured phase velocity vs. wavelength relationship, shear wave velocity profile is determined using an inverse analysis. The liquefaction potential of each site is …
Liquefaction Potential Prediction By Multiple Stage Multifactorial Evaluation, Limin Zhang, Ting Hu
Liquefaction Potential Prediction By Multiple Stage Multifactorial Evaluation, Limin Zhang, Ting Hu
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Factors affecting liquefaction are analyzed. Qualitative factors along with liquefaction itself are conceived to be of fuzziness the common methods cannot deal with. A new method – the Multiple-Stage Multifactorial Evaluation is introduced to evaluate the liquefaction potential of sand which can take into account not only the factors considered by the common methods but also these qualitative factors which otherwise cannot be considered by the explicit mathematic evaluation methods and can treat each factor according to its importance to liquefaction. Tests with the method show a higher correct evaluation rate over other methods. Conclusion is drawn about the liquefaction …
Session 3: Opening Remarks, G. Castro
Session 3: Opening Remarks, G. Castro
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Pore Pressure Response During 1986 Lotung Earthquakes, C. K. Shen, Zhiliang Wang, X. S. Li
Pore Pressure Response During 1986 Lotung Earthquakes, C. K. Shen, Zhiliang Wang, X. S. Li
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In 1986, two significant earthquake events in Lotung, Taiwan were recorded with both acceleration and pore water pressure traces at different depths below the ground surface. One event (M=6.2) was recorded on July 30th with an epcientral distance of 6km, and the other (M=7.0) was recorded on November 14th with an epicentral distance of about 80 km from the site. To analyze the recorded data, a finite element procedure was developed. The procedure incorporates a newly developed bounding surface hypoplasticity model for granular soils and can handle multidirectional input motions. The finite element procedure takes into consideration pore water pressure …