Geotechnical Engineering Commons^™

General Report Session 7: Stability Of Slopes And Earth Dams Under Earthquakes, J. Lawrence Von Thun

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The papers received for this session may be classified into five general topic areas; the number of papers in each subtopic area is shown in parentheses.

1. Slope stability analysis incorporating dynamic loading Ÿanalysis methods (3)

Ÿdynamic effects on soil properties (2)

Ÿcase study (1)

2. Dynamic response of embankment dams

Ÿanalysis methods (5)

Ÿcase studies (2)

3. Dynamic deformation analysis

Ÿanalysis methods adapted for a specific case (3)

Ÿcomparison of analysis methods (1)

4. Dynamic deformation or stability analysis incorporating pore pressure development or liquefaction considerations Ÿanalysis methods (3)

Ÿanalysis methods developed for a specific case (2)

Ÿcase history …

The Study Of Xintan Landslide's Sterescopic Monitoring In The Changjiang River Three Gorges, Zhu Ruigeng, Lu Wenxing, Kia Yuanyou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper emphatically introduces a new landslide’s stereoscopic monitoring system that was builded in Xintan slope after failed. The movement in the underground different level can be decided through monitoring of surface by the system. The system can provide a basis to master the slope gliding regulartion so that a new prediction method may be worked out in the future.

Attenuation Characteristics Of Ground Strains Induced During Earthquake, Ken-Ichi Tokida, Koh Aizawa, Keiichi Tamura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The appropriate estimation of ground strains Induced during earthquake is indispensable for the seismic design of buried lifeline facilities such as pipeline systems. The ground strains induced during earthquakes are calculated with use of the dense instrument array data observed during past 78 earthquakes for the surface ground at the Public Works Research Institute (PWRl) ln Tsukuba Science City in Japan. Based on the multiple regression analysis for the calculated ground strains, the empirical formulae of attenuation of maximum ground strains for such the ground condition as the PWRI campus are proposed ln terms of earthquake magnitude and epicentral distance, …

Session 9: Closing Remarks, Ken-Ichi Tokida

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Seismic Zonation Of India, L. S. Srivastava, S. Basu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Himalayan belt, Indo-Gangetic Plains and Peninsular shield divide India in three major regions with decreasing seismic potential. The Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (IS: 1893-19841) incorporate a seismic zoning map (SZM) demarcating five seismic zones, which show zones with many islands, and prescribed design parameters for the delineated zones do not show consistent exceedance probability. A probabilistic analysis has been carried out and seismic design ground motion parameters have been estimated for 100 years’ service life, which do not support delineation of five zones with uniform ratio of seismic hazard among various zones. Four seismic …

A Numerical Solution Of Wave Equation For Dynamic Compaction Of Soil, K. B. Agarwal, B. Siva Ram

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

It is a known fact that any disturbance at the ground surface, like the one created by vibratory, compactors or by application of blast pressure on detonation of a foamed propellant, is transmitted into ground until it is weak enough to travel deeper and farther. The ground acceleration at various points, induces compaction. The transmission of vibrations due to such surface dynamic loads are governed by the equation of motion based on Newton's second law. The equation of motion is presented in Euiler's Coordinates using tensor notation and is solved for surface displacements due to surface dynamic loads. These loads …

Analysis Of Damping In Soil As Applied To Machine Foundations, B. M. Basavanna, M. S. Nagakumar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The parameters needed for the design of machine foundations are usually evaluated from the model block resonance test conducted at a given site. Sometimes it may not be possible to attain complete resonance and the test results may be limited to the ascending part of the response. In this paper the possible effect of damping on the values of the design parameters evaluated from the ascending part of response is examined and the nature of damping which gives realistic values of design parameters is presented.

Torsional Dynamic Response Of Embedded Footings, Peiji Yu, E. B. Wylle, F. E. Richart Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A computer program, originally prepared to evaluate stresses and displacements below an axisymmetric surface footing subjected to torsional loadings, has been modified to accommodate embedded footings. The material surrounding the footing can be considered as elastic, nonlinear inelastic or nonlinear inelastic including slip. Layered systems can also be treated. Good agreement was obtained in comparisons with published solutions for elastic systems, as obtained by the finite element method, and by an approximate method. In particular, comparisons were made for variations at maximum amplitude of rotation and dimensionless frequency at maximum amplitude of rotation as functions of the embedment ratio. The …

Earthquake Ground Motions At Soft Soil Sites, I. M. Idriss

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

General Report, Loma Prieta Earthquake Sessions, Mary Ellen Hynes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Performance Of Concrete Faced Earthdam To Loma Prieta Earthquake, Sukhmander Singh, Nick Pal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

As a result of the shaking from the Loma Prieta Earthquake of 1989, the concrete lining of an earth embankment suffered cracking at numerous locations on its upstream side and developed in its bed lining, crater-like pot-holes ranging in size up to 10 ft. in diameter. Field investigation and preliminary studies indicated the differential dynamic vibrations of the earth embankment and the concrete lining to be the cause of the cracking, and the liquefaction of the underlying stratum below the bottom of the reservoir to be the cause of the pot-holes formed as a result of the pore pressure bursting …

Source, Path And Site Effects On Loma Prieta Strong Motions, P. G. Somerville, N. F. Smith

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The amplitudes of strong ground motions from the Loma Prieta earthquake recorded in the San Francisco and Oakland areas exceeded the levels predicted by standard empirical attenuation relations. Preliminary analysis of accelerograms having known trigger times suggests that the elevation of ground motion amplitudes in the distance range of approximately 40 to 100 km was due to critical reflections from the base of the crust. These reflections were large and occurred at relatively close range because of the deep focal depth of the earthquake and the strong velocity gradient at the base of the crust, and were enhanced by rupture …

System Identification And Seismic Performance Evaluation Of Earth Dams, H. S. Sayed, A. M. Abdel-Ghaffar, S. F. Masri

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A system identification technique is developed to provide dynamic properties of earth dams from their seismic records. The technique is utilized to assess the capabilities and limitation of analytical models in terms of dynamic nonlinear constitutive relationships as well as damping. The technique is based on the least square method using Gaussian hypothesis. Earth dams are modeled as a three-dimensional nonhomogeneous visco-elasto-plastic soil structure. The forward problem is solved using a Galerkin-Ritz formulation in which the solution is expanded using basis function, which is selected to be the eigenmodes. The spatial variation of the excitation is considered by using global …

Performance Of A Hazardous Waste And Sanitary Landfill Subjected To Loma Prieta Earthquake, Hari D. Sharma, Harish K. Goyal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Loma Prieta Earthquake of October 17, 1989 caused severe damages in the San Francisco Bay Area. Field measurements made during the earthquake and analyses performed to date indicate that bedrock accelerations were amplified to 2 to 3 times in propagating through deep cohesive deposits. In view of this, the performance of a hazardous waste and sanitary landfill subjected to Loma Prieta Earthquake and founded on deep cohesive deposits was evaluated. Analyses indicate that the peak accelerations at the base of the refuse are slightly amplified in propagating through the refuse thicknesses of up to about 50 feet. For higher refuse …

Testing Of Stressed State In The Structure-Base System Under Non-Stationary Dynamic Effects, Vyacheslav K. Musaev

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Some aspects of practical realization of the finite element method (FEM) are considered for solving a two-dimensional (plane) dynamic problem of the theory of elasticity and plasticity. The results of the numerical solution of some problems for dynamic effects are presented. The comparison with the results of other methods is made.

Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential And Post-Liquefaction Behavior Of Earth Structures: Developments 1981-1991, W. D. Liam Finn

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Significant developments in procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential and the post-liquefaction behaviour of earth structures are reviewed for the period 1981-1991. Particular attention is paid to the re-valuation of the liquefaction induced slide in the San Fernando Dam following the 1971 earthquake. The findings of this study have had a major impact on engineering practice.

Effects Of Soil-Structure Interaction For Structures Subjected To Earthquakes, A. S. Veletsos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An extended summary is presented of a state-of-the-art report on the subject matter. The report parallels one presented at the Fourth U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, in May 1990.

Geotechnical Lessons Learned From Mexico And Other Recent Earthquakes, Emilio Rosenblueth, Efrain Ovando

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes the most relevant effects of the September 1985 earthquakes on Mexico City. It discusses the results of recent exploration and research on regional geology, local site conditions and site response analyses, basic soil properties, and observation of actual behavior of soil-foundation-structure systems. The paper shows the impact of these investigations upon new - building code requirements, on general design practice and on the specialist's perception of earthquake behavior of Mexico City's subsoil. Recent earthquakes recorded in and around Mexico City have contributed insight into some of the unresolved questions left after the experience of 1985. Damaging earthquakes …

Disclaimer, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Conference Schedule, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Committees, Multiple Members

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Banquet Speeches And Remarks, Shamsher Prakash, Shiming Wu, Kenji Akino, John T. Park, Joseph H. Senne, Jeanne L. Senne

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Index, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Author And Discussion Index, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Errata, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

A Cyclic Shear-Volume Coupling And Pore Pressure Model For Sand, Peter M. Byrne

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A two parameter incremental shear-volume coupling equation is presented for sand. The equation is based upon experimental data and gives predictions that are in excellent agreement with data over a range of relative densities and stress conditions. Empirical expressions for the two parameters based on incorporated in a simple shear pore pressure element model and the predictions of the model are compared with both saturated undrained cyclic strain and cyclic load tests. It is found that, provided a threshold strain is incorporated, the model predictions are in very good agreement with the laboratory data over a wide range of stress …

A Cyclic Triaxial Facility For Loading A Silty Clay, Matthew Raybould

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A digital control servo-hydraulic triaxial test facility with full data acquisition has been developed at Nottingham University as part of the UK Science and Engineering Research Council initiative in earthquake engineering. This apparatus is currently being used to investigate the response of a coarse silt contaminated by kaolin clay to cyclic stress and strain. High quality deformation data is generated by on sample instrumentation and enables the stiffness at very low strain levels to be determined accurately. This paper describes the development of the facility and presents some results of the tests carried out to date.

Cyclic Load Resistance Of Vertically Reinforced Sand Subgrades, Vijay K. Puri, James A. Chae, Braja M. Das

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents the results of laboratory scale model footing tests which were conducted for determining the cyclic load resistance of sand subgrades reinforced with semi-flexible vertical elements. The tests were conducted in a sandbox having a length of 91.5 cm, width 15.25 cm, and height of 61.0 cm. Steel bars 1. 58 mm in diameter were used as reinforcing elements. Tests were also conducted by using rough reinforcing elements. The test results indicate that the value of coefficient of elastic uniform compression of the footing on sand increases with the provision of vertical reinforcement in the sand subgrade. Rough …

Cyclic Non-Linear Constitutive Equations For Sands, T. Doanh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A series of triaxial cyclic tests are performed on Hostun sand; each test undergoes several two-way, strain-controlled cyclic loadings under drained conditions. The purpose of these tests is to investigate the behavior of this sand under complex loadings. This paper extends the previous works during the last years, and aims at showing that the non-linear incremental constitutive equations can describe the behavior of saturated sand subjected to various stress loadings in drained conditions.

Degradation Behavior Of Normally Consolidated Clay Under Cyclic Loading Condition, Meei-Ling Lin, Jiang-Yuan Chen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The degradation behavior of soil may become important when considering the response of soft clay under cyclic loading condition. A nonlinear model was proposed by Idriss, et al. to account for the degradation behavior based on the controlled-strain test. By adopting a numerical procedure, the data obtained in controlled-stress cyclic triaxial test can be used to find the degradation parameter defined in the nonlinear degradation model proposed by Idriss, et al. A series of consolidated-undrained controlled-stress and controlled-strain cyclic triaxial tests were performed on laboratory manufactured normally consolidated soft clay samples. The relationship between degradation parameter and strain was determined …