Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 31 - 60 of 240
Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering
Earth Pressure On Retaining Walls And Buried Pipe, M. Fukuoka, Y. Imamura
Earth Pressure On Retaining Walls And Buried Pipe, M. Fukuoka, Y. Imamura
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper describes the results of earth pressure measurements buried pipes. Conventional earth pressure gauges fixed on the walls were type earth pressure gauges which covers the whole wall surface were used components of the resultant earth pressures were measured.
Clay Shale Foundation Slide At Waco Dam, Texas, W. R. Stroman, R. R. W. Beene, A. M. Hull
Clay Shale Foundation Slide At Waco Dam, Texas, W. R. Stroman, R. R. W. Beene, A. M. Hull
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A major slide occurred during construction of the dam in 1961. It was caused by a combination of unusually high pore pressures in the clay shale foundation and a low residual shear strength. The dam was completed with wide berms to provide stability. Since completion there has been a very slow decrease in foundation pore pressure.
Failure Of A Dredged Slope In A Sensitive Clay, D. P. Lagatta, S. L. Whiteside
Failure Of A Dredged Slope In A Sensitive Clay, D. P. Lagatta, S. L. Whiteside
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
During construction of a new wharf facility in Portland, Maine, an underwater slope failed during dredging and subsequent driving of piles through the slope. The construction and failure of the slope are described. The major factors which contributed to the failure were: 1) high sensitivity of the silty clay, 2) placement of riprap on the crest of the slope to 4 to 6 ft above the design elevation, 3) method of dredging which caused high shear stresses and probable disturbed zones near the toe of the slope, 4) dredging slope steeper than design slope, 5) pile driving causing localized disturbed …
Lessons From Embankment Dam Accidents. An Introduction, V. Perlea
Lessons From Embankment Dam Accidents. An Introduction, V. Perlea
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
More than 500 records of embankment dam failures and accidents all over the world, were collected and statistically processed from many points of view. The causes of troubles were classified using a comprehensive scheme. It was found that overtopping is the main cause of failures and of causalities also. Most of troubles affected small earth darns. More than 50% failures and accidents occurred during construction or in the first two years of operation. The study is completed with an Appendix containing data on all considered events, this giving the possibility to check up, to correct the possible errors and to …
Long Term Failure In Compacted Clay Slopes, A. E. Templeton, G. L. Sills, L. A. Cooley
Long Term Failure In Compacted Clay Slopes, A. E. Templeton, G. L. Sills, L. A. Cooley
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The results of field, laboratory, and analytical investigations of recurring slope failures along the Mississippi River Levee are presented. Observations from slide trenching operations are described. Laboratory measured shear strengths are compared to effective strengths at failure "back-calculated" for two slides. Factors influencing the long term behavior of the levee materials and the mechanism of failure are discussed.
Sealing Leakage Of Earth Dam By Concrete Diaphragm, Shen Chonggang, Jiang Guocheng
Sealing Leakage Of Earth Dam By Concrete Diaphragm, Shen Chonggang, Jiang Guocheng
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Some seriously cracked and leaked earth dams in China have been successfully strengthened by the cast-in-situ concrete diaphragm at or near the dam axis through the dam embankment. The diaphragm is enabled to seal the leakage through concentrated seepage path in the earthfill resulted from the large voids or the cracks in cohesive earthfill as well as the leakage through the alluvium in dam foundation. The effectiveness of this strengthening method depends on the correct determination of the major seepage channels. Serious longitudinal cracks have occurred in some dams during excavating the slurry trenches and pouring concrete into them owing …
Stability Of Slopes - A Case History, G. Ramasamy, Gopal Ranjan, Bhawani Singh, A. C. Khazanchi, U. N. Sinha
Stability Of Slopes - A Case History, G. Ramasamy, Gopal Ranjan, Bhawani Singh, A. C. Khazanchi, U. N. Sinha
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A Lecture cum-cinema hall was constructed on a terrace developed at the top of a hillock at a site located in the north-eastern part of India. At the time of development of the site, excavated soil was dumped on the slopes and retaining walls were constructed to retain the earth. After the first monsoon, the retaining walls gave way. Further distress in the vicinity of the building was noticed in the subsequent three years. The paper describes the details of the above failure, the investigations carried out and the remedial measures suggested.
The Failure Of A Soil Blanket Lining Caused By The Action Of Bacteria, G. W. Plant, P. B.B. Voslo
The Failure Of A Soil Blanket Lining Caused By The Action Of Bacteria, G. W. Plant, P. B.B. Voslo
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A raw water storage reservoir was constructed with earth embankments and a soil blanket floor lining. Treated sewage effluent was used as construction water. Bacteria in the soil were capable of converting the organic nitrogen and ammonia present in the effluent to nitrite and then to nitrate under aerobic conditions. This nitrate was reduced to nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions. The generation of gas had a "leavening" effect on the soil structure of the floor lining leading to a high water permeability, thus making the soil lining ineffective.
First International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering, Multiple Authors
First International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering, Multiple Authors
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Performance Of Diaphragm Walls In Deep Foundation Excavations, Z. C. Moh, T. F. Song
Performance Of Diaphragm Walls In Deep Foundation Excavations, Z. C. Moh, T. F. Song
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Two case studies of using diaphragm wall as earth retaining structure for deep excavation are reported. Case A concerns excavation down to a depth of 14.7 min alternate layers of soft silty clay and silty sand. Diaphragm walls of 70 m thick and 22 m deep were installed into a dense silty sand stratum. In Case B, diaphragm walls of 60 m thick were constructed in very soft clayey soil without penetration into any firm stratum. In both cases, instrumentations including piezometers, inclinometers, earth pressure cells, reinforcing bar transducers, heave stakes, settlement points and strut strain gauges were installed and …
Performance Of Preload On Cohesionless Soils, A. F. Youssef, O. Erol
Performance Of Preload On Cohesionless Soils, A. F. Youssef, O. Erol
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Common occurrence of loose normally consolidated fine sands and silts extending to considerable depths necessitates the utilization of ground improvement techniques along the coasts of Arabian Peninsula. In the case considered, the soil profile consisted of twenty meter thick compressible sands, and preloading technique was suggested to stabilize the foundation soil. The paper presents the performance of the preloading and the level of soil improvement achieved. The observed settlements and settlement-time behaviour are compared with the values estimated from various methods. The soil parameters back calculated from measured field behaviour are reported.
Slurry Trench Wall Replaces Structure Underpinning, E. J. Zeigler, J. L. Wirth, J. T. Miller
Slurry Trench Wall Replaces Structure Underpinning, E. J. Zeigler, J. L. Wirth, J. T. Miller
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Construction of the Charles Center Station of the Baltimore Metro required a cut-and-cover excavation 66 feet (20 m) deep in a major street in the central business district of Baltimore, Maryland. Several high-rise buildings were so close to the excavation that it was necessary to remove portions of the spread footing foundations which extended into the proposed station excavation. The contract documents required that the spread footings adjacent to the excavation be underpinned using steel pipe piles jacked to end bearing on bedrock. When it was apparent that difficulties in installation would result in substantial delays in project completion, the …
Soft Ground Tunnel Failures In Michigan, Jerome C. Neyer
Soft Ground Tunnel Failures In Michigan, Jerome C. Neyer
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Three failures of non-reinforced concrete tunnels in Michigan have been investigated. Descriptions of the failures have been presented, together with geotechnical data for the sites. A probable failure mechanism has been described, as well as design concepts which need to be considered on future projects. Finally, construction procedures to be specified as part of the design process have been evaluated.
The Behavior Of House On Seasonally Frozen Ground, Xu You Zai, Wang Zheng Qiu
The Behavior Of House On Seasonally Frozen Ground, Xu You Zai, Wang Zheng Qiu
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents a case history of instrumented house with shallow foundation on the seasonally frozen ground. Variations of the soil frost penetration, the soil temperature, the cracks of the house, the displacements and the contact pressure on the base were systematically observed during freezing and thawing periods. It has been confirmed that the main reason why the cracks of the houses with shallow foundations occurred is that the development of the frozen depth is not uniform and the frost heaving and the redistribution of the contact pressures are unequal. This paper puts forward the principle of the effective depth …
The Creation Of Additional Space For The Storage Of Dredged Materials - A Case History, Nicholas Chryssafopoulos
The Creation Of Additional Space For The Storage Of Dredged Materials - A Case History, Nicholas Chryssafopoulos
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Material dredged from the Delaware River is being stored on land in areas surrounded by man-made dikes. In the past, the height of these dikes had been increased in order to provide the needed additional storage space. However, existing land configuration and the high water table in the storage areas, together with the high water content and low strength of the stored dredged materials prohibit further increases of the dike height. A system of interconnected drainage trenches, excavated inside these areas and discharging into the river, was used to lower both the water table and the water content of the …
Time Dependent Limit Stability Of Tunnel And Dam Engineering In Difficult Rocks, Tan Tjong Kie
Time Dependent Limit Stability Of Tunnel And Dam Engineering In Difficult Rocks, Tan Tjong Kie
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Some representative case histories of the damage of tunnels and galleries in weak fissured swelling rock formations with low competency ratios are described; a rheological analysis and suggestions for the design are presented. The basic ideas underlying the design and construction of the Ghe Zou Ba dam, founded on horizontal layers of sand-and mudstones interbedded by thin clay sheets are reported. In all such cases the time factor is important.
Twenty-Year Performance Of Soil-Cement Dam Facings, T. J. Casias, A. K. Howard
Twenty-Year Performance Of Soil-Cement Dam Facings, T. J. Casias, A. K. Howard
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The soil-cement slope protection on three Bureau of Reclamation projects has been damaged enough to require repair. They were the first three Bureau embankments to utilize soil-cement in place of riprap and have been in service about 18 to 20 years. The soil-cement facings on other Bureau dams are in excellent condition. The lack of bond between the soil-cement lifts in combination with severe weather and wave action appear to be the main factors contributing to the damage. Laboratory tests and field test sections indicate that cement applied between the soil-cement lifts may be a practical solution to prevent damage …
Unplanned Construction Of A 210 Ft High Temple, Gopal Ranjan, Shamsher Prakash
Unplanned Construction Of A 210 Ft High Temple, Gopal Ranjan, Shamsher Prakash
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A 210′ high temple site was located on a hillock made up of filled up soil. Taking the advantage of site topography terraced construction consisting of the main temple in the centre and rooms on the three sides were planned. The construction progressed without any soil investigations. The paper highlights the problems faced at the stage when the construction had already progressed up to +50 ft. Soil investigations were carried out at this stage. Then, the performance of structures was predicted and possible modifications in the future construction are presented.
Uranium Mill Trailings Geotechnical Investigations - A Case History, V. Singh, J.P. Berry, D.F. Kapral
Uranium Mill Trailings Geotechnical Investigations - A Case History, V. Singh, J.P. Berry, D.F. Kapral
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Uranium mill tailings at Union Carbide Corporation's mining and mill complex at Uravan, Colorado, are deposited in two tailings piles along a steep hillside. The tailings are deposited in slurry form, allowed to decant, and the decant liquid removed for recycling in the milling operation. The impoundment dikes are raised using the coarser portion of the tailings in an upstream method of construction. At the time of the study, the height of the tailings piles was in excess of 100 feet. Continued use of these piles necessitated a detailed geotechnical stability evaluation and design of stabilizing measures in order to …
Conference Committees, Multiple Members
Conference Committees, Multiple Members
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Bearing Capacity Of Piles Under Long-Term Vibration, Xu You Zai, Liu Yao Fu, Shi Yul Iang, Xin Su Lan
Bearing Capacity Of Piles Under Long-Term Vibration, Xu You Zai, Liu Yao Fu, Shi Yul Iang, Xin Su Lan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Bearing capacity of piles under long-term vibration is herein discussed. A real case of continuous subsidence of vibrating pile foundations is presented with a set of vibratory loading tests in-situ and the characteristics of settlement-time curves are described. Analyses of the observed data are made and the additional plastic deformation induced in the soil strata under the piles is interpreted. Based on the test data, authors recommend a conception of long-term bearing capacity of piles to be used in the design of pile foundation under vibration instead of the conventional one, and a method of determination of bearing capacity …
Design Considerations And Long-Term Performance Of A Building Foundation In Clay, G. E. Bauer
Design Considerations And Long-Term Performance Of A Building Foundation In Clay, G. E. Bauer
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Based on the results of a full-scale footing tests, spread footings were used instead of end-bearing piles to support a four storey building extension. Five proto-type footings were instrumented and the settlement behaviour was monitored over 13 years. Special construction procedures had to be employed to achieve compatible differential settlements between the individual footings and the adjacent existing building.
Excessive Settlement In Buildings, A. Verghese Chummar
Excessive Settlement In Buildings, A. Verghese Chummar
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper deals with three case studies where the foundations of buildings in the coastal areas of South India settled from 10 to 100 Cms resulting in excessive tilt or cracks in the superstructure. Details of soil exploration work carried out, description of the soil characteristics and the analysis of the causes of settlement are dealt with in this paper. The remedial measures suggested for the possible rectification of the damages are also presented.
Failure Of The Ghana Law School Building In Accra, Ghana, N. K. Kumapley, S. Ramachandra
Failure Of The Ghana Law School Building In Accra, Ghana, N. K. Kumapley, S. Ramachandra
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The immediate post-independence era in Ghana, namely the late 1950's to early 1960's, was characterised by extensive physical and infrastructural development, for most of which proper design and construction records were either not kept or were lost. This has often led to difficulties when remedial measures have to be designed for some of these structures which have failed after only a few years in service. The paper describes attempts to diagnose the cause(s) of failure and to design remedial measures for one such structure in the absence of original construction records.
Foundation Design And Construction For A Large Mill Complex, C. R. I. Clayton, J. Milititsky, L. J. L. Carvalho
Foundation Design And Construction For A Large Mill Complex, C. R. I. Clayton, J. Milititsky, L. J. L. Carvalho
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Very little good field data exists concerning the performance of heavily loaded end-bearing piles on thin layers of weak rock. The problems associated with the foundations for silos are often severe, since loads are normally heavy, and allowable differential settlements are often very small. The paper describes just such problems, associated with the construction of a flour mill complex, where the principal problems were associated with the uncertainties of pile performance. On the basis of the uniaxial unconfined compressive strength of the supporting rock the end-bearing piles supporting silos within the mill appeared to be overloaded. A programme of slow …
Foundation Performance Of Very Old Structures, S. C. Handa
Foundation Performance Of Very Old Structures, S. C. Handa
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Withstanding the agents of destruction for several centuries, some of the structures in this world, exist as a testimony to the sound and perfected techniques of construction used in years that belong to the bygone past. Among the most famous are Taj Mahal and Qutb Minar, still standing in a magnificent and sound condition. One of the wonders of the world, Taj Mahal though built in seventeenth century still looks so fresh that the super-structure performance also speaks of the adequate and perfect foundation that must have been built for it. This paper deals with subsoil conditions at site, the …
Negative Friction And Lateral Loading On Piles, E. E. De Beer, M. Wallays, E. Goelen
Negative Friction And Lateral Loading On Piles, E. E. De Beer, M. Wallays, E. Goelen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
An example is first given of a structure founded on piles and having suffered damages caused by negative friction and passive lateral loading on the supporting piles. It appears that the effects of negative friction are in general less disastrous than should be expected from a simplified theoretical approach. The described case shows that, at the contrary, the passive lateral loadings, when not accounted for, become rapidly detrimental. Both influences are time delayed, with the consequence that the critical situation does mostly not occur during construction, but a certain time after completion. The design of a second structure, in which …
Performance Of Large Diameter Oil Storage Tanks, I. K. Ozaydin, S. Y. K. Inan
Performance Of Large Diameter Oil Storage Tanks, I. K. Ozaydin, S. Y. K. Inan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The performance of very large diameter petroleum storage tanks erected at Ipras Refinery in Turkey are presented. The findings and predictions of the geotechnical investigation carried out before the construction are summarized together with the observed behavior during the water load tests. The results of a post-construction investigation performed to evaluate the observed behavior, and comparisons between the predicted, observed and back-calculated behaviors are presented and discrepancies encountered are discussed.
Philip Morris Corporate Headquarters Building, A. J. Ciancia, H. M. Horn
Philip Morris Corporate Headquarters Building, A. J. Ciancia, H. M. Horn
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The temporary support of three city streets, a subway tunnel, and a high-rise office tower during the construction of the Philip Morris Corporate Headquarters Building is discussed. The results of an extensive field exploration program, consisting of test borings, probes, and geologic mapping were evaluated for the design of temporary support systems; i.e., rock anchors and rakers. Borehole extensometers and conventional optical survey techniques were successfully used to monitor movements of the adjacent structures during demolition operations of a building that occupied the site. Minimal movements were measured during demolition. At the northeast corner of the site, six heavily loaded …
Recovering Differential Settlements By Vertical Drains, C. Mastrantuono, A. Tomiolo, E. Arcangeli
Recovering Differential Settlements By Vertical Drains, C. Mastrantuono, A. Tomiolo, E. Arcangeli
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The differential settlement recovering of a large six storeys building by means of overloading and vertical drains is described. The results are discussed in relation with the geotechnical characteristics of the soil and by numerical analyses of the settlement curves.