Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Long-Term Durability Of Solar Photovoltaic Modules, Chibuisi Chinasaokwu Okorieimoh, Brian Norton

Conference papers

Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels experience long-term performance degradation resulting in lower like-per-like efficiencies and performance ratios when compared with their initial performance. Manufacturers of solar photovoltaic modules usually guarantee the life span for more than 20 years. It is therefore necessary to track and mitigate degradation of PV modules over this period to satisfy such guarantees and beyond this period to identify maintenance and repair requirements. Degradation of solar PV modules makes them less efficient, less reliable and, ultimately, inoperative. This paper reviews relevant literature to discuss:

• Causes of efficiency reductions in photovoltaic cells

• Ways to achieve long-term durability of …

Bio-Electrochemical Denitrification Systems And Applications For Nitrogen Removal In On-Site Wastewater Treatment, Kamal Ziad Taha

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Denitrification experiments using biological cathodes (biocathodes) were conducted in three separate experiments. The first experiment was to observe whether the rate of denitrification in biocathodes could be increased with added ammonium at mass (mg/L) ratios of 0.100 (2.5/25), 0.05 (1.25/25), 0.0250 (0.625/25), and 0.0125 (0.3125/25) (parts ammonium to nitrate (NH4+-N/ NO3--N). The purpose of the ammonium present was to provide the microorganisms a starting nitrogen source for assimilation to biomass which, in theory, would encourage the removal of nitrate through dissimilatory denitrification. As mixed cultures were used, ratios tested were based on simplifying future operation of scaled-up biocathodes applied to …

Water Quality And Sustainability Assessment Of Rural Water Systems In The Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé, Panama, Corbyn Cools

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Over the last four decades significant progress has been made on providing people access to improved drinking water. The Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) estimates that 6.7 billion people have access to at least basic drinking water services. In spite of this great achievement 785 million people still lack even basic services and eighty percent of which live in rural areas. To further complicate matters, those with access to services experience interruptions or non-functionality for handpumps and piped system long before the intended design life of the system. In the Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé province in Panama there is very little information on …

Development Of An Organic Processor Assembly (Opa) For Sustainable Resource Recovery To Enable Long-Duration, Deep-Space Human Exploration (Loddshe), Talon James Bullard

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Long-Duration, Deep-Space Human Exploration (LoDDSHE) missions demand robust and reliable technologies to ensure crew health, safety, and mission success. In situ food production will become essential for these missions for crew nutrition, morale, and in the event of delays or failures. At a current estimated cost $10,000/lb, mass and volume limitations will restrict necessary resources. For an anticipated thirty-month mission to Mars, these costs will increase due to more frequent resupply shipments and lengthened transit times, creating additional financial and logistical challenges (Pickett et al., 2019). Increased resource and waste recovery to achieve nearly closed-loop systems will mitigate many of …

Influence Of Elements Of Irrigation Equipment On Irrigation Erosion, M.M. Sarimsakov, O.S. Abdisamatov, Z.T. Umarova

Irrigation and Melioration

Irrigation erosion is a process that has a significant negative impact on agricultural production, which leads to a sharp decrease in soil fertility and productivity. The costs associated with growing crops will increase. Today, more than 720,000 irrigated lands in the country suffer from irrigation erosion. Studies have shown that in typical gray soils with a slope of more than 0.30, intensive irrigation of apple orchards leaches 24.6 tons of soil particles per hectare per season. Improved irrigation, that is, a decrease in the leaching of soil particles during irrigation using transverse barriers, was achieved by 6–12%. Irrigation reduces the …

Research Of Water Flow Motion In The Channel Of Amu-Bukhara Machine Channel, D.R. Bazarov, F. Artikbekova, M.P. Tashkhanova, B.M. Norkulov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article considers a numerical study of the movement of a water stream in the channel of the Amu Bukhara Machine Channel (ABMK). Water intake to the inlet canal is carried out from the Amu Darya river in a damless manner, therefore, ensuring the flow of clarified water into the anterior chambers of pumping stations is an urgent task. According to the developed model, consisting of hydrodynamic equations based on the laws of conservation of momentum and mass, data on the dynamics of velocities in the channel of the supply channel ABMK are obtained and zones of uneven flow in …

Irrigation Value The Mechanical Composition River Springs, A.M. Arifjanov, L.N. Samiev, F.K. Babajanov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article studies the influence of the fractional composition of river sediments on the soil structure of irrigated lands and on the process of soil formation. According to surveys in the Mirishkor canal, sediments formed in the river are distinguished by the distribution type in the main canal. The fractional composition of sediments mainly consists of particles of fine sand (0.1-0.05 mm) and coarse dust (0.05-0.001 mm).According to the results of surveys, by studying the mechanical composition of sediment in the channel, it will be possible to observe changes in the amount of composition, such as N-NH4, P2O5, K2O chemicals. …

Monitoring System For Electricity Consumption At Pumping Stations, N. Ikramov, T. Majidov, A. Mukhammadjonov

Irrigation and Melioration

Currently, in Uzbekistan, of 4.3 million hectares of irrigated land, 2.3 million hectares are provided with water supplied by pumping stations that are on the balance of the Ministry of water management of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In total, 1693 pumping stations with 5301 pumping units are operated, and the number of pumping stations ' personnel is about 16,000 people. The total capacity of these pumping stations is about 7000 m3/s. the Total annual energy consumption of these pumping stations is about 8.0 billion kW·h or about 12.5% of the annual electricity generation of the entire energy sector of Uzbekistan. …

Irrigation Value The Mechanical Composition River Spring The Effect Of The Inhomogeneity Of Elastic Medium On The Initiation Of Resonant Waves Under Moving Load, S.A. Abdukadirov, Z.S. Shаdmаnova, B.Sh. Yuldoshev

Irrigation and Melioration

investigated. The waveguide properties of the system are preliminarily studied. The multiple roots of the dispersion equations are revealed and the critical load velocities leading to the formation of resonance processes are determined. The solutions of the dispersion equations make it possible to determine the additional critical velocities in the mid-wave spectrum depending on the structure parameters. For simple models, analytical solutions of the development of resonance processes are obtained that are asymptotically correct for relatively large values of time. The computer simulations allow us to analyze the quantitative features of the process over the entire time period of the …

Substantiation Of Sprayers Installed To A Universal Mounted Sprayer, D. Dzhuraev, M.S. Halilov, S.M. Badalov, I.Zh. Toirov, A.E. Urishev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies on the creation of primary sprayers for sprayers. The flow diagrams of the atomizers that were produced on the territory of the former Soviet Union are given. Currently, various types of spray guns are manufactured in America, Germany, France, Italy, Bulgaria and other countries. Based on the set requirements for sprayers, to ensure fluid flow and spraying when deployed 90-110 degrees on a plane, a slotted sprayer is selected - manufacturer Lechler of the brand ST-110-05 Germany, for installation on a universal mounted sprayer. The results of fluid flow by …

Technological Features Of Moistening Of Technical Seeds, O. Matchanov, B. Tuxtamishev

Irrigation and Melioration

This article describes the technological features of the reduction of technical varieties of cotton. Requirements for technical seeds in the processing of raw cotton are technical specifications and quality indicators. Seeds of technical cotton with quality indicators and adapted technical seeds must meet the requirements of technical conditions. The technical need for coated seeds should correspond to technical characteristics, such as reducing production costs, reducing moisture, long-term storage, improving quality, thermal conductivity, aerodynamic resistance, and heat resistance. From the point of view of heat treatment of seeds, parameters taking into account their thermophysical properties should be used to justify the …

Regulations Of Hydraulic Resistance Of Machine Channels Of Pumping Stations, D.R. Bazarov, B.R. Uralov, M.P. Tashkhanova

Irrigation and Melioration

The paper considers the general equation of fluid motion in the channels and the functional dependences of the hydraulic friction coefficient on the Reynolds number, relative roughness, and on the shape of the live section of the channel. Resistance formulas are given for the simplest cross-sectional shapes of channels and for channels with a more complex cross-sectional shape. To take into account the effect (on the pressure loss) of the channel cross-sectional shape and the presence of a flow with a free surface in it, additional correction factors are introduced (using the hydraulic radius concept) and be clarified as a …

Studying The Movement Of Crop Drined Seeds Of Cottage On A Slope Tray In A Protective Machine, R.K. Djamolov, A.A. Akrаmov, K. Djamolov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the results of a theoretical study of the movement of pubescent cotton seeds along an inclined guide in a pickling machine. Equations are obtained that describe the movement of the seed along the inclined tray of the dresser. A formula is derived for determining the time of movement of the seed on an inclined one to the dressing agent. A plot of the change in the speed of the seed in the tray on the change in the angle of inclination and on the value of the movement of the seed. To increase the feed rate of …

Modernization Of Functions Of Management Of Land Use In The Conditions Of Innovative Economy, Sh.K. Narbaev

Irrigation and Melioration

Land use management, as a complex material-abstract system, is carried out through a number of its functions. The article provides an analysis of the functions of land management, improved the content of some functions and introduced additional new functions in the context of the development of an innovative economy. It is noted that improving the management system will increase the efficiency of land use, improve their environmental status, preserve landscape ecosystems based on the accelerated development of innovative activities. New land management functions are recommended: innovative land use development, territory development, land use technical support, remote study of land properties …

Combined Installation Photo Thermal Battery - Electric Water Heater To Provide Electricity And Water To Rural Households, R.A. Muminov, M.N. Tursunov, Х. Sabirov, U.R. Kholov, Т.Z. Аkhtamov, М. Eshmuradova

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the experimental results of the study of the parameters of a combined installation photo thermal battery – electric heater, used to provide electric energy and water to rural households. Photo thermal battery is made on the basis of photovoltaic batteries of crystalline silicon with an efficiency of ~ 20 %. Cellular polycarbonate was used as a heat sink. When creating the KU based on photo thermal battery EVN, modern efficient batteries, controllers, inverters and consumers of electric energy were used, and Ariston was chosen as the EVN. KU is adapted to climatic conditions, effectively and reliably provides …

Modeling The Movement Of A Heap In A Dielectric Sorting Device For Alfalfa Seeds, A. Lee, Z. Sharipov, M.N. Sattarov

Irrigation and Melioration

This article presents a theoretical study of modeling the movement of a mixture in a dielectric sorting plant for alfalfa seeds. Theoretical studies were carried out using the general laws of mechanics and mathematical modeling of alfalfa seeds, taking into account their physical and mechanical properties. The results of a theoretical study on modeling the detachment conditions of alfalfa seed heap particles and particle dynamics along the casing and pitched boards of a dielectric sorting device are presented. The differential equation with the initial conditions was solved by numerical methods of "Runge-Kutta-Felberg" with automatic step selection. The components of a …

Conceptual Approaches To Improve Quality Of The Process Of Preparation Energy Personnel For Agricultural Sector Of Economy, A. Radjabov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article highlights problems of training energy personnel for agricultural sector and conceptual, principle and practical approaches to their solution based on goals and objectives outlined in concept of development of higher education system in Uzbekistan until 2030 and Strategy for development of agriculture Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020 - 2030

About Improvement Of Support Of Innovative Activity Of Higher Education By The State, A.E. Norov

Irrigation and Melioration

This article provides information on regulatory acts in support of innovative activities in the field of higher education. It is also indicated that the fact that the scientific activities of universities are not organized based on the prospects for socio-economic development of regions, forecasting innovative development based on analysis and effectiveness of innovations, research results, commercialization of scientific developments, and the involvement of talented youth in research, is the reason for the lack of reliable integration of education, science and production. It is necessary to improve the internal system of competitions, programs and projects aimed at supporting the commercialization of …

Design Aspects, Energy Consumption Evaluation, And Offset For Drinking Water Treatment Operation, Saria Bukhary, Jacimaria Batista, Sajjad Ahmad

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, and water distribution are energy-intensive processes. The goal of this study was to design the unit processes of an existing drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), evaluate the associated energy consumption, and then offset it using solar photovoltaics (PVs) to reduce carbon emissions. The selected DWTP, situated in the southwestern United States, utilizes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination to treat 3.94 m3 of local river water per second. Based on the energy consumption determined for each unit process (validated using the plant’s data) and the plant’s available landholding, the DWTP was sized for solar PV …

Retention Of Swine Slurry Constituents In Soil And Crop Residue As Affected By Setback Distance, John E. Gilley, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Kent M. Eskridge, Xu Li, Amy M. Schmidt, Daniel D. Snow

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Setbacks are prescribed distances from surface waters within which manure application is not allowed. Little information is available concerning the retention of swine slurry constituents in soil and crop residue materials within setback areas. This study was conducted to measure the retention of selected constituents within a setback area following the upslope application of swine slurry and the introduction of simulated rainfall. The no-till cropland site had a slope gradient of 4.9% and a mean winter wheat residue cover of 7.73 Mg ha−1 . Soil and vegetative samples were collected on 3.7 m wide by 23.2 m long plots with …

Surface Modifications Of Reverse Osmosis Membranes For Removal Of Bromide And Reduction Of Fouling, Joseph Seo

Master's Theses

Reverse osmosis (RO) is widely used for water reuse and desalination. Although RO membranes are known for their high salt rejection and practical permeate flux, their performance can be impaired by fouling, and their removal of some disinfection byproducts and their precursors (e.g., bromide, N-Nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]) does not meet drinking water standards. RO membrane modifications have been widely studied to overcome these limitations. In this research, RO membranes were grafted with cationic polymers to induce a positive charge on the RO membrane surface. This modification aimed at enhancing the rejection of negatively charged bromide ions by removing them from solution …

Quantitative And Qualitative Error Re-Analysis Of Tidal Datasets, Ernesto Andrew Ledezma

Master's Theses

Tidal data forms the basis for understanding and quantifying sea-level rise and tidal statistics. While quality assurance methods based upon spectral and harmonic analysis have been applied to individual tidal records, these methods have not been used to assess global tidal datasets. In this thesis, four west coast tidal records were examined using harmonic analysis methods to investigate uncertainty on a monthly averaged basis. Uncertainty was identified using a method that quantifies time lag as a linear regression of height difference between a predicted and measured tidal height and the predicted rate of change of tidal height. Errors identified through …

Analysis And Optimization Of Colorimetric Nanosensors For Rapid Detection Of Microbes In Water, Ruby A. Lang

Master's Theses

Access to safe water is a basic human right recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010 (WHO, 2020). However, a least 2.2 billion people globally still are without safely managed water services meaning they use a drinking water source that can be contaminated with faeces (WHO, 2020). With such a pressing global health issue, it is clear that improvement to water systems is important and required in the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, to improve water systems and prove they are safe water sources, water quality testing must occur. A solution to this issue is the …

Economic Comparisons Of Variable Rate Irrigation And Fertigation With Fixed (Uniform) Rate Irrigation And Fertigation And Pre-Plant Fertilizer Management For Maize In Three Soils, Vasudha Sharma, Suat Irmak

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Extensive field research for data collection to conduct economic comparisons of variable rate irrigation (VRI) with fixed (uniform) rate irrigation (FRI) and no irrigation (NI) in combination with three nitrogen application strategies of fixed (uniform) rate fertigation (FRF), variable rate fertigation (VRF) and pre-plant nitrogen (PP) management for maize (Zea mays L.) were conducted. Research was conducted in three soil types [(i) Crete silt loam (S1); (ii) Hastings silty clay loam (S2); and (iii) Hastings silt loam (S3)] for three growing seasons (2015, 2016 and 2017) in Nebraska, USA. For the economic analyses, the average initial investment of the …

Risk Assessment In Waste Sampling Activity For A Selected Food Industry, Razali Nurul Syazreen

Student Works (2020-2029)

Waste sampling is one of the main activities during environmental audit. This activity has been estimated as a non-risky activity and lead to inadequate risk assessment in the activity. The purpose of this study is to create a safer workplace for enforcement body in general and DOE officer in specific during waste sampling activity. Main objectives are to identify the hazards, further assess the hazards and determine the control measure to reduce the hazards. Observation and on-the-job training have been conducted to three food industry located in Shah Alam to identify the hazards. Structured surveys were conducted with 293 participants …

Heat Transfer Analysis Of A Data Centre, Arumainathan Kabildev

Student Works (2020-2029)

Data centres are an integral part of networking as it houses servers that facilitate incoming and outgoing data flow. A resolute cooling approach is needed to overcome the hot air dissipated by these servers. This research focused on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the heat transfer modelled upon Telekom Malaysia (TM) City’s data centre 3. The simulation was carried out to ascertain the heat distribution across the data centre by using ANSYS Fluent. The results indicated that the server racks’ inlet temperature reaches 29.79 oC, which is close to the maximum permissible limit according to recommendations provided by …

Modeling Artificial Groundwater Recharge In The Santa Rosa Creek Watershed, Alexander J. Murray

Master's Theses

The Santa Rosa Creek Watershed is an approximately 48 mi2 large watershed located on the central coast of California. This watershed drains to the Pacific Ocean through Santa Rosa Creek as it passes through agricultural land and the town of Cambria. Historically the groundwater within the Santa Rosa Creek Watershed has been used for irrigation, municipal and domestic uses, and the creek is critical habitat steelhead trout. During dry years, there is less water for all uses. When low groundwater levels occur, water can be drawn out of the creek and into the soil, drying out steelhead habitat. Seven agricultural …

Optimization And Longevity Of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Enabled Membranes For Water Treatment, Madeleine Michael Isabella White

Master's Theses

Water scarcity is a growing concern at the global scale. Large scale water reuse is growing both in necessity and popularity. Before water reuse can be performed efficiently on a large scale or be used for potable supply, even indirectly, contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) will need to be treated at the full scale. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a form of advanced water treatment capable of treating a wide range of CECs. This study contributes to the growing field of AOPs and more specifically AOPs using ozone combined with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Ozonation of MWCNTs has been …

Investigation Of New Forward Osmosis Draw Agents And Prioritization Of Recent Developments Of Draw Agents Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Jodie Wei Yu

Master's Theses

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology for water treatment due to their ability to draw freshwater using an osmotic pressure gradient across a semi-permeable membrane. However, the lack of draw agents that could both produce reasonable flux and be separated from the draw solution at a low cost stand in the way of widespread implementation. This study had two objectives: evaluate the performance of three materials — peptone, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) — as potential draw agents, and to use multi-criteria decision matrices to systematically prioritize known draw agents from literature for …

Compound Flooding In Coastal Areas Emanating From Inland And Offshore Events, Hamed Behzad Koochaksaraii

Dissertations

The vulnerability of urban populations to natural hazards and climate change is a major theme in many reports on coastal cities with flooding ranking highly among the climate change concerns. Flooding could occur as a result of runoff for inland rainfall that accumulates at the mouth of the estuary to the sea or it could occur due to a storm surge emanating from the ocean. The techniques for modeling the flooding from these events are very different, as they were developed in different scientific fields: hydrology and hydraulic engineering for inland rainfall versus coastal oceanography and coastal engineering for offshore …