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Articles 91 - 120 of 220
Full-Text Articles in Environmental Engineering
Development Of A Chemical Kinetic Model For The Combustion Of A Synthesis Gas From A Fluidized-Bed Sewage Sludge Gasifier In A Thermal Oxidizer, Luis Martinez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The need for sustainability has been on the rise. Municipalities are finding ways of reducing waste, but also finding ways to reduce energy costs. Waste-to-energy is a sustainable method that may reduce bio-solids volume while also producing energy. In this research study bio-solids enters a bubbling bed gasifier and within the gasifier a synthesis gas is produced. This synthesis gas exits through the top of the gasifier and enters a thermal oxidizer for combustion. The thermal oxidizer has an innovative method of oxidizing the synthesis gas. The thermal oxidizer has two air injection sites and the possibility for aqueous ammonia …
Optimization Of Block Layout And Evaluation Of Collection Mat Materials For Polyacrylamide Treatment Channels, Alicia Mcdougal
Optimization Of Block Layout And Evaluation Of Collection Mat Materials For Polyacrylamide Treatment Channels, Alicia Mcdougal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Construction sites are frequently cited as major sources of pollution that degrade the quality of surface water. The highly erodible topsoil is transported off site by stormwater runoff causing negative effects downstream. Research has shown that the small particles, which are the most susceptible to erosive forces, have more pollutants associated with them than larger soil particles. Currently, in the state of Florida, it is not permissible to discharge water to a receiving water body if the turbidity is more than 29 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs) above background or higher than background for an outstanding Florida water body. The removal …
Study Of The Formation And Control Of Disinfection By-Products Originating From A Surface Water Supply On The Volcanic Island Of Guam, Erica Laberge
Study Of The Formation And Control Of Disinfection By-Products Originating From A Surface Water Supply On The Volcanic Island Of Guam, Erica Laberge
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Three oxidants have been evaluated for use as alternative chemical pretreatments for Fena Lake, a surface water that supplies the U.S. Navy's Public Water System (PWS) on the volcanic island of Guam. The study consisted of two investigative components. The first and primary component included a bench-scale evaluation to study the effects of different pre-oxidant chemicals on the formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs). The second and ancillary component included a series of water treatment and distribution system management studies that analyzed DBP formation within the treatment plant and water distribution system. The goal of this research was to reduce …
The Effects Of Bam As An Adsorptive Media On Phosphorus Removal In Stormwater, Sultan Salamah
The Effects Of Bam As An Adsorptive Media On Phosphorus Removal In Stormwater, Sultan Salamah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
To maintain the quality of receiving water bodies, it is desirable to remove total phosphorus (TP) in stormwater runoff. Many media filtration technologies have been developed to achieve TP and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) removal. Efficient media adsorption is essential to insure control of stormwater phosphorus inputs to the receiving water body. This project develops and analyzes a functionalized Biosorption Media (BAM) to remove phosphorus species from stormwater runoff. One goal of this project is to find the BAM values for coefficients such as maximum adsorption capacity (QM: 4.35E-05) for the media through SRP isotherm equilibrium experiments using the Langmuir …
Performance Evaluation Of Two Silt Fence Geosynthetic Fabrics During And After Rainfall Event, Gregg Dubinsky
Performance Evaluation Of Two Silt Fence Geosynthetic Fabrics During And After Rainfall Event, Gregg Dubinsky
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Silt fence is one of the most widely used perimeter control devices and is considered an industry standard for use in the control of sediment transport from construction sites. Numerous research studies have been conducted on the use of silt fence as a perimeter control, including a number of studies involving controlled laboratory flume tests and outdoor tests performed in the field on construction sites with actual monitored storm events. In field tests, due to the random and uncontrollable nature of real storm events and field conditions, studies have shown difficulty in evaluating silt fence performance. These field studies have …
Development Of Treatment Train Techniques For The Evaluation Of Low Impact Development In Urban Regions, Mike Hardin
Development Of Treatment Train Techniques For The Evaluation Of Low Impact Development In Urban Regions, Mike Hardin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Stormwater runoff from urban areas is a major source of pollution to surface water bodies. The discharge of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is particularly damaging as it results in harmful algal blooms which can limit the beneficial use of a water body. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) have been developed over the years to help address this issue. While BMPs have been investigated for years, their use has been somewhat limited due to the fact that much of the data collected is for specific applications, in specific regions, and it is unknown how these systems will perform in …
Evaluation Of Iron And Manganese Control For A Volcanic Surface Water Supply Treated With Conventional Coagulation, Sedimentation And Filtration Processes, Christine Hall
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A research project assessing the effectiveness of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) for the treatment of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) has been conducted by the University of Central Florida (UCF) on behalf of the United States Navy with regards to the water supply on the island of Guam, located in the Marianas Islands. The study consisted of three basic investigative components: one that examined the use of potassium permanganate for iron and manganese control for Fena Lake, a second that examined the existing unit operations that comprised the Navy's water treatment plant (NWTP), and a third that examined iron and manganese …
Dishwashing Water Recycling System And Related Water Quality Standards For Military Use, Jared Church
Dishwashing Water Recycling System And Related Water Quality Standards For Military Use, Jared Church
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As the demand for reliable and safe water supplies increases, both water quality and available quantity are being challenged by population growth and climate change. Greywater reuse is becoming a common practice worldwide; however, in remote locations of limited water supply, such as those encountered in military installations, it is desirable to expand its classification to include dishwashing water to maximize the conservation of fresh water. Given that no standards for dishwashing greywater reuse by the military are currently available, the current study determined a specific set of water quality standards for dishwater recycling systems for U.S military field operations. …
Green Technologies And Sensor Networks For Bmp Evaluation In Stormwater Retention Ponds And Wetlands., Anthony Crawford
Green Technologies And Sensor Networks For Bmp Evaluation In Stormwater Retention Ponds And Wetlands., Anthony Crawford
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this thesis is to examine and develop new techniques in stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) for nutrient and erosion reduction and monitoring by incorporation of low impact green technologies and sensor networks. Previous research has found excessive nutrient loading of nitrogen and phosphorus species from urban stormwater runoff can lead to ecological degradation and eutrophication of receiving lakes and rivers (Fareed and Abid, 2005). In response, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) has set forth reduction goals as established in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) reports to reduce nutrient loading and restore, or maintain, Florida water …
Climate And Landscape Controls On Seasonal Water Balance At The Watershed Scale, Xi Chen
Climate And Landscape Controls On Seasonal Water Balance At The Watershed Scale, Xi Chen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main goal of this dissertation is to develop a seasonal water balance model for evaporation, runoff and water storage change based on observations from a large number of watersheds, and further to obtain a comprehensive understanding on the dominant physical controls on intra-annual water balance. Meanwhile, the method for estimating evaporation and water storage based on recession analysis is improved by quantifying the seasonal pattern of the partial contributing area and contributing storage to base flow during low flow seasons. A new method for quantifying seasonality is developed in this research. The difference between precipitation and soil water storage …
Stormwater Harvesting Using Retention And In-Line Pipes For Treatment Consistent With The New Statewide Stormwater Rule, Martin Wanielista, Mike Hardin, Ikiensinma Gogo-Abite, Manoj Chopra
Stormwater Harvesting Using Retention And In-Line Pipes For Treatment Consistent With The New Statewide Stormwater Rule, Martin Wanielista, Mike Hardin, Ikiensinma Gogo-Abite, Manoj Chopra
BMP Trains Research and Publications
Stormwater rules and regulations are evolving. Thus, there is a need for research that supports alternative methods for water quality treatment of runoff water. The information in this report supports the use of filtration media called Biosorption Activated Media (BAM) that improves runoff water quality. Runoff to impaired waters may need additional treatment or reduced volume of discharge to meet a mass discharge limitation. In addition, some nutrients in runoff waters may need to be removed before they percolate to nutrient sensitive areas such as aquifers with discharge to springs or estuaries. Thus, stormwater harvesting or reuse is another best …
Ozone And Gac Treatment Of A Central Florida Groundwater For Sulfide And Disinfectant By-Product Control, Tara Lamoureux
Ozone And Gac Treatment Of A Central Florida Groundwater For Sulfide And Disinfectant By-Product Control, Tara Lamoureux
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study evaluated the combination of ozone and granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment for the removal of sulfide and disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors in drinking water at the pilot-scale. The research conducted was performed at the Auxiliary (Aux) and Main Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) in Sanford, Florida. Both WTPs rely upon groundwater sources that contain total sulfide ranging from 0.02 to 2.35 mg/L and total organic carbon (TOC) ranging from 0.61 to 2.20 mg/L. The Aux WTP’s raw water contains, on average, 88% more sulfide and 24% more TOC than the Main WTP. Haloacetic acids (HAA5) and total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) …
Chemophysical Characteristics And Application Of Biosorption Activated Media (Bam) For Copper And Nutrient Removal In Stormwater Management, Jamie Jones
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For high groundwater table areas, stormwater wet detention ponds are utilized as the preferred stormwater management throughout the state of Florida. Previous research has found that accumulations of nutrients, algae, heavy metals, pesticides, chlorophyll a, fecal coliform bacteria and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) are common characteristics of stormwater wet detention ponds. Although these pollutant levels are not regulated within the ponds, states are required to compute the pollutant load reductions through total maximum daily load (TMDL) programs to meet the water quality requirements addressed by the Clean Water Act (CWA). In this study, field sampling data of stormwater …
Integrated Data Fusion And Mining (Idfm) Technique For Monitoring Water Quality In Large And Small Lakes, Benjamin Vannah
Integrated Data Fusion And Mining (Idfm) Technique For Monitoring Water Quality In Large And Small Lakes, Benjamin Vannah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Monitoring water quality on a near-real-time basis to address water resources management and public health concerns in coupled natural systems and the built environment is by no means an easy task. Furthermore, this emerging societal challenge will continue to grow, due to the ever-increasing anthropogenic impacts upon surface waters. For example, urban growth and agricultural operations have led to an influx of nutrients into surface waters stimulating harmful algal bloom formation, and stormwater runoff from urban areas contributes to the accumulation of total organic carbon (TOC) in surface waters. TOC in surface waters is a known precursor of disinfection byproducts …
Assessment, Optimization, And Enhancement Of Ultrafiltration (Uf) Membrane Processes In Potable Water Treatment, Christopher Boyd
Assessment, Optimization, And Enhancement Of Ultrafiltration (Uf) Membrane Processes In Potable Water Treatment, Christopher Boyd
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation reports on research related to ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking water applications. A pilot-scale investigation identified seasonal surface water quality impacts on UF performance and resulted in the development of a dynamic chemically enhanced backwash protocol for fouling management. Subsequent analysis of UF process data revealed limitations with the use of specific flux, transmembrane pressure (TMP), and other normalization techniques for assessing UF process fouling. A new TMP balance approach is presented that identifies the pressure contribution of membrane fouling and structural changes, enables direct process performance comparisons at different operating fluxes, and distinguishes between physically and chemically …
Evaluation Of The Biodegradability And Toxicity Of Pca And Mpca, Juan Rueda
Evaluation Of The Biodegradability And Toxicity Of Pca And Mpca, Juan Rueda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main types of hypergolic propellants used at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) are hydrazine (HZ) and monomethylhydrazine (MMH). HZ and MMH are classified as hazardous materials and they are also known to be potentially carcinogenic to humans; therefore, handling these substances and their waste is strictly regulated. The wastes streams from HZ and MMH have been estimated to be the main hazardous wastes streams at KSC. Currently at KSC these wastes are first neutralized using citric acid and then they are transported on public roads for incineration as hazardous materials. A new method using alpha ketoglutaric acid (AKGA) was proposed …
Development Of A Chemical Kinetic Model For A Fluidized-Bed Sewage Sludge Gasifier, Wyatt Champion
Development Of A Chemical Kinetic Model For A Fluidized-Bed Sewage Sludge Gasifier, Wyatt Champion
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As the need for both sustainable energy production and waste minimization increases, the gasification of biomass becomes an increasingly important process. What would otherwise be considered waste can now be used as fuel, and the benefits of volume reduction through gasification are seen in the increased lifespan of landfills. Fluidized-bed gasification is a particularly robust technology, and allows for the conversion of most types of waste biomass. Within a fluidized-bed gasifier, thermal medium (sand) is heated to operating temperature (around 1350°F) and begins to fluidize due to the rapid expansion of air entering the bottom of the reactor. This fluidization …
Near-Road Dispersion Modeling Of Mobile Source Air Toxics (Msats) In Florida, Kurt Westerlund
Near-Road Dispersion Modeling Of Mobile Source Air Toxics (Msats) In Florida, Kurt Westerlund
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is a growing public concern that emissions of mobile source air toxics (MSATs) from motor vehicles may pose a threat to human health. At present, no state or federal agencies require dispersion modeling of these compounds, but many agencies are concerned about potential future requirements. Current air pollution professionals are familiar with Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements for dispersion modeling to produce predicted concentrations for comparison with appropriate standards. This research examined a method in which the potential near-road concentrations of MSATs were calculated. It was believed that by assessing MSATs in much …
Study Of The Effect Of Surface Morphology On Mass Transfer And Fouling Behavior Of Reverse Osmosis And Nanofiltration Membrane Processes, Yuming Fang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes are pressure driven, diffusion controlled process. The influence of surface characteristics on membrane process performance is considered significant and is not well understood. Current mass transport models generally assume constant mass transfer coefficients (MTCs) based on a homogeneous surface. This work evaluated mass transfer processes by incorporating surface morphology into a diffusion-based model assuming MTCs are dependent on the thickness variation of the membrane’s active layer. To mathematically create such a surface layer, Gaussian random vectors embedded in a software system (MATLAB) were used to generate a three-dimensional ridge and valley active layer …
In-Plant And Distribution System Corrosion Control For Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration, And Anion Exchange Process Blends, Samantha Jeffery
In-Plant And Distribution System Corrosion Control For Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration, And Anion Exchange Process Blends, Samantha Jeffery
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The integration of advanced technologies into existing water treatment facilities (WTFs) can improve and enhance water quality; however, these same modifications or improvements may adversely affect finished water provided to the consumer by public water systems (PWSs) that embrace these advanced technologies. Process modification or improvements may unintentionally impact compliance with the provisions of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). This is especially true with respect to corrosion control, since minor changes in water quality can affect metal release. Changes in metal release can have a direct impact on a water purveyor’s compliance with …
Floating Wetland Systems For Nutrient Removal In Stormwater Ponds, Ni-Bin Chang, Martin Wanielista, Manoj Chopra
Floating Wetland Systems For Nutrient Removal In Stormwater Ponds, Ni-Bin Chang, Martin Wanielista, Manoj Chopra
BMP Trains Research and Publications
Wet detention ponds are frequently used in stormwater management systems as part of a treatment train for attenuation of flow and removal of pollutants. Wet detention ponds designed and operated according to commonly used standards and specifications remove nutrients but the removal of nitrogen has remained low, about 30-40% concentration reduction on a yearly basis. A Floating Treatment Wetland (FTW) composed of selected plants suspended in a wet detention pond was proposed in this research to improve the removal of nutrients before discharge from a pond.
Monitoring And Modeling To Estimate Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions And Dispersion From Florida Construction And Demolition Landfills To Construct Odor Buffering Distances, Steven Jeffrey Bolyard
Monitoring And Modeling To Estimate Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions And Dispersion From Florida Construction And Demolition Landfills To Construct Odor Buffering Distances, Steven Jeffrey Bolyard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emissions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from construction and demolition (C & D) landfills can result in odors that are a significant nuisance to nearby neighborhoods and businesses. As Florida’s population continues to grow and create development pressures, housing is built closer to existing landfills. Additionally, new landfills will be created in the future. This research project was undertaken to develop a detailed modeling methodology for use by counties and other landfill owners to provide them with an objective and scientifically defensible means to establish odor buffer zones around C & D landfills. A technique for estimating methane (and odorous gas) …
Evaluating Corrosion Control Alternatives For A Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration And Anion-Exchange Blended Water Supply, Rebecca J. Wilder
Evaluating Corrosion Control Alternatives For A Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration And Anion-Exchange Blended Water Supply, Rebecca J. Wilder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The research reported herein describes the study activities performed by University of Central Florida (UCF) on behalf of the Town of Jupiter Water Utilities (Town). The Town recently changed its water treatment operations from a combination of reverse osmosis (RO), lime softening (LS) and anion-exchange (IX) to a combination of RO, IX and nanofiltration (NF). Although this treatment change provided enhanced water to the surrounding community in terms of better contaminant removal and reduced DBP formation potential, integration of the NF process altered finished water quality parameters including pH, alkalinity and hardness. There was concern that these changes could result …
A Comparison Of Aluminum And Iron-Based Coagulants For Treatment Of Surface Water In Sarasota County, Florida, David Yonge
A Comparison Of Aluminum And Iron-Based Coagulants For Treatment Of Surface Water In Sarasota County, Florida, David Yonge
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this research, five different coagulants were evaluated to determine their effectiveness at removing turbidity, color and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a surface water in Sarasota County, Florida. Bench-scale jar tests that simulated conventional coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes were used. Iron-based coagulants (ferric chloride and ferric sulfate) and aluminum-based coagulants (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH)) were used to treat a highly organic surface water supply (DOC ranging between 10 and 30 mg/L), known as the Cow Pen Slough, located within central Sarasota County, Florida. Isopleths depicting DOC and color removal efficiencies as a function …
Fate Of Coated Zinc Oxide In Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Stephanie Carbone Bolyard
Fate Of Coated Zinc Oxide In Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Stephanie Carbone Bolyard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Given the increase in nanomaterial (NM) use in consumer products and the large fraction of waste placed in landfills worldwide, the probability of these products reaching municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills at the end of their useful life is high. Since nanotechnology use is still in its early stages, there are currently no regulations pertaining to the disposal of NMs and their fate in MSW landfills is still unknown. Understanding the fate of NMs in MSW landfills is vital to ensure the proper handling of these novel materials from cradle to grave; such research will provide information on how these …
Application And Optimization Of Membrane Processes Treating Brackish And Surficial Groundwater For Potable Water Production, Jayapregasham Tharamapalan
Application And Optimization Of Membrane Processes Treating Brackish And Surficial Groundwater For Potable Water Production, Jayapregasham Tharamapalan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The research presented in this dissertation provides the results of a comprehensive assessment of the water treatment requirements for the City of Sarasota. The City’s drinking water supply originates from two sources: (1) brackish groundwater from the Downtown well field, and (2) Floridan surficial groundwater from the City’s Verna well field. At the time the study was initiated, the City treated the brackish water supply using a reverse osmosis process that relied on sulfuric acid for pH adjustment as a pretreatment method. The Verna supply was aerated at the well field before transfer to the City’s water treatment facility, either …
Evaluation Of An On-Line Device To Monitor Scale Formation In A Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process, Jennifer C. Roque
Evaluation Of An On-Line Device To Monitor Scale Formation In A Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process, Jennifer C. Roque
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A modified two-element membrane pressure vessel assembly has been used to monitor process operational changes in a full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment plant (WTP). This study evaluated the effectiveness of the assembly as an on-line monitoring device intended to detect scale formation conditions when connected to an operating RO process train. This study was implemented to support the requirements of a larger University of Central Florida (UCF) research project ongoing at the city of Sarasota’s Public Works and Utilities (City) water treatment facilities located in Sarasota, Florida. During the time-frame of this study, the City was in the process …
Evaluation Of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales For Stormwater Quality Improvement And Harvesting, Andrew Charles Hood
Evaluation Of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales For Stormwater Quality Improvement And Harvesting, Andrew Charles Hood
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Stormwater runoff from highways is a source of pollution to surface water bodies and groundwater. This project develops a bio-detention treatment and harvesting system that is incorporated into roadside swales. The bio-detention system uses Bold & Gold™, a type of biosorption activated media (BAM), to remove nutrients from simulated highway runoff and then store the water in underground vaults for infiltration, controlled discharge, and/or irrigation and other non-potable applications. In order to design a bio-detention system, media characteristics and media/water quality relationships are required. Media characteristics determined through testing include: specific gravity, permeability, infiltration, maximum dry density, moisture content of …
Construction And Demolition Debris Recovery And Recycling In Orange County, Fl, Michael Stephen Toth Ii
Construction And Demolition Debris Recovery And Recycling In Orange County, Fl, Michael Stephen Toth Ii
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In 2008, the State of Florida established a recycling goal of 75% to be achieved by 2020. In response to the Florida goal Orange County (OC), Florida has made the development and implementation of an efficient strategy for landfill diversion of its solid waste a top priority. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) estimated that 23 % of municipal solid waste was generated by construction and demolition (C&D) activities in 2009, with only 30 percent of C&D debris being recycled. Therefore, OC decided to create a solid waste integrated resource plan (SWIRP) initially focused on the recovery and recycling …
Turbidity Removal Efficiency And Toxicity Issues Associated With The Chitosan-Based Dual Bio-Polymer Systems, Rylee Hernandez
Turbidity Removal Efficiency And Toxicity Issues Associated With The Chitosan-Based Dual Bio-Polymer Systems, Rylee Hernandez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Stormwater runoff can be a great concern in the State of Florida due to the impact the quality of the runoff water can have on the natural water bodies. Stormwater runoff can carry pollutants and sediments which can cause both physical and biological risks in an aquatic ecosystem such as a lake, river, or pond. Polymers, namely the chitosan-based dual polymer system, can be used remove the sediment from this runoff to ensure the safety of the state’s water bodies. Three soils are used in this testing: AASTO soil classifications A-3(sandy soil) and A-2- 4 (silty-sand), and a soil with …