Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Regulations Of Hydraulic Resistance Of Machine Channels Of Pumping Stations, D.R. Bazarov, B.R. Uralov, M.P. Tashkhanova

Irrigation and Melioration

The paper considers the general equation of fluid motion in the channels and the functional dependences of the hydraulic friction coefficient on the Reynolds number, relative roughness, and on the shape of the live section of the channel. Resistance formulas are given for the simplest cross-sectional shapes of channels and for channels with a more complex cross-sectional shape. To take into account the effect (on the pressure loss) of the channel cross-sectional shape and the presence of a flow with a free surface in it, additional correction factors are introduced (using the hydraulic radius concept) and be clarified as a …

Studying The Movement Of Crop Drined Seeds Of Cottage On A Slope Tray In A Protective Machine, R.K. Djamolov, A.A. Akrаmov, K. Djamolov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the results of a theoretical study of the movement of pubescent cotton seeds along an inclined guide in a pickling machine. Equations are obtained that describe the movement of the seed along the inclined tray of the dresser. A formula is derived for determining the time of movement of the seed on an inclined one to the dressing agent. A plot of the change in the speed of the seed in the tray on the change in the angle of inclination and on the value of the movement of the seed. To increase the feed rate of …

Modernization Of Functions Of Management Of Land Use In The Conditions Of Innovative Economy, Sh.K. Narbaev

Irrigation and Melioration

Land use management, as a complex material-abstract system, is carried out through a number of its functions. The article provides an analysis of the functions of land management, improved the content of some functions and introduced additional new functions in the context of the development of an innovative economy. It is noted that improving the management system will increase the efficiency of land use, improve their environmental status, preserve landscape ecosystems based on the accelerated development of innovative activities. New land management functions are recommended: innovative land use development, territory development, land use technical support, remote study of land properties …

Combined Installation Photo Thermal Battery - Electric Water Heater To Provide Electricity And Water To Rural Households, R.A. Muminov, M.N. Tursunov, Х. Sabirov, U.R. Kholov, Т.Z. Аkhtamov, М. Eshmuradova

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the experimental results of the study of the parameters of a combined installation photo thermal battery – electric heater, used to provide electric energy and water to rural households. Photo thermal battery is made on the basis of photovoltaic batteries of crystalline silicon with an efficiency of ~ 20 %. Cellular polycarbonate was used as a heat sink. When creating the KU based on photo thermal battery EVN, modern efficient batteries, controllers, inverters and consumers of electric energy were used, and Ariston was chosen as the EVN. KU is adapted to climatic conditions, effectively and reliably provides …

Modeling The Movement Of A Heap In A Dielectric Sorting Device For Alfalfa Seeds, A. Lee, Z. Sharipov, M.N. Sattarov

Irrigation and Melioration

This article presents a theoretical study of modeling the movement of a mixture in a dielectric sorting plant for alfalfa seeds. Theoretical studies were carried out using the general laws of mechanics and mathematical modeling of alfalfa seeds, taking into account their physical and mechanical properties. The results of a theoretical study on modeling the detachment conditions of alfalfa seed heap particles and particle dynamics along the casing and pitched boards of a dielectric sorting device are presented. The differential equation with the initial conditions was solved by numerical methods of "Runge-Kutta-Felberg" with automatic step selection. The components of a …

Conceptual Approaches To Improve Quality Of The Process Of Preparation Energy Personnel For Agricultural Sector Of Economy, A. Radjabov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article highlights problems of training energy personnel for agricultural sector and conceptual, principle and practical approaches to their solution based on goals and objectives outlined in concept of development of higher education system in Uzbekistan until 2030 and Strategy for development of agriculture Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020 - 2030

About Improvement Of Support Of Innovative Activity Of Higher Education By The State, A.E. Norov

Irrigation and Melioration

This article provides information on regulatory acts in support of innovative activities in the field of higher education. It is also indicated that the fact that the scientific activities of universities are not organized based on the prospects for socio-economic development of regions, forecasting innovative development based on analysis and effectiveness of innovations, research results, commercialization of scientific developments, and the involvement of talented youth in research, is the reason for the lack of reliable integration of education, science and production. It is necessary to improve the internal system of competitions, programs and projects aimed at supporting the commercialization of …

Retention Of Swine Slurry Constituents In Soil And Crop Residue As Affected By Setback Distance, John E. Gilley, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Kent M. Eskridge, Xu Li, Amy M. Schmidt, Daniel D. Snow

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Setbacks are prescribed distances from surface waters within which manure application is not allowed. Little information is available concerning the retention of swine slurry constituents in soil and crop residue materials within setback areas. This study was conducted to measure the retention of selected constituents within a setback area following the upslope application of swine slurry and the introduction of simulated rainfall. The no-till cropland site had a slope gradient of 4.9% and a mean winter wheat residue cover of 7.73 Mg ha−1 . Soil and vegetative samples were collected on 3.7 m wide by 23.2 m long plots with …

Economic Comparisons Of Variable Rate Irrigation And Fertigation With Fixed (Uniform) Rate Irrigation And Fertigation And Pre-Plant Fertilizer Management For Maize In Three Soils, Vasudha Sharma, Suat Irmak

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Extensive field research for data collection to conduct economic comparisons of variable rate irrigation (VRI) with fixed (uniform) rate irrigation (FRI) and no irrigation (NI) in combination with three nitrogen application strategies of fixed (uniform) rate fertigation (FRF), variable rate fertigation (VRF) and pre-plant nitrogen (PP) management for maize (Zea mays L.) were conducted. Research was conducted in three soil types [(i) Crete silt loam (S1); (ii) Hastings silty clay loam (S2); and (iii) Hastings silt loam (S3)] for three growing seasons (2015, 2016 and 2017) in Nebraska, USA. For the economic analyses, the average initial investment of the …

Quantitative And Qualitative Error Re-Analysis Of Tidal Datasets, Ernesto Andrew Ledezma

Master's Theses

Tidal data forms the basis for understanding and quantifying sea-level rise and tidal statistics. While quality assurance methods based upon spectral and harmonic analysis have been applied to individual tidal records, these methods have not been used to assess global tidal datasets. In this thesis, four west coast tidal records were examined using harmonic analysis methods to investigate uncertainty on a monthly averaged basis. Uncertainty was identified using a method that quantifies time lag as a linear regression of height difference between a predicted and measured tidal height and the predicted rate of change of tidal height. Errors identified through …

Modeling Artificial Groundwater Recharge In The Santa Rosa Creek Watershed, Alexander J. Murray

Master's Theses

The Santa Rosa Creek Watershed is an approximately 48 mi2 large watershed located on the central coast of California. This watershed drains to the Pacific Ocean through Santa Rosa Creek as it passes through agricultural land and the town of Cambria. Historically the groundwater within the Santa Rosa Creek Watershed has been used for irrigation, municipal and domestic uses, and the creek is critical habitat steelhead trout. During dry years, there is less water for all uses. When low groundwater levels occur, water can be drawn out of the creek and into the soil, drying out steelhead habitat. Seven agricultural …

Analysis And Optimization Of Colorimetric Nanosensors For Rapid Detection Of Microbes In Water, Ruby A. Lang

Master's Theses

Access to safe water is a basic human right recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010 (WHO, 2020). However, a least 2.2 billion people globally still are without safely managed water services meaning they use a drinking water source that can be contaminated with faeces (WHO, 2020). With such a pressing global health issue, it is clear that improvement to water systems is important and required in the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, to improve water systems and prove they are safe water sources, water quality testing must occur. A solution to this issue is the …

Extracellular Matrix Disparities In An Nkx2-5 Mutant Mouse Model Of Congenital Heart Disease, Deanna Bousalis, Christopher S. Lacko, Nora Hlavac, Fariz Alkassis, Rebecca A. Wachs, Sahba Mobini, Christine E. Schmidt, Hideko Kasahara

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects almost one percent of all live births. Despite diagnostic and surgical reparative advances, the causes and mechanisms of CHD are still primarily unknown. The extracellular matrix plays a large role in cell communication, function, and differentiation, and therefore likely plays a role in disease development and pathophysiology. Cell adhesion and gap junction proteins, such as integrins and connexins, are also essential to cellular communication and behavior, and could interact directly (integrins) or indirectly (connexins) with the extracellular matrix. In this work, we explore disparities in the expression and spatial patterning of extracellular matrix, adhesion, and …

Promoting The Sustainable Utilization Of Groundwater Resources In Ethiopia Using The Integrated Groundwater Footprint Index, Xinyu Lin

Honors Scholar Theses

The country of Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to human-caused climate change and is already suffering from the effects. The predominately rural population relies heavily on small-scale agriculture, with 78% of households having at least one member engaged in the field, yet staple crops are highly susceptible to droughts and other weather shocks. Total and agricultural GDP growth in the country have been strongly linked to inter-annual rainfall variability, of which Ethiopia has among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. A decrease in rainfall since the 1970s has been one of the primary causes of low crop yields, and stresses the immediate …

Development Of An In Vitro Intervertebral Disc Innervation Model To Screen Neuroinhibitory Biomaterials, Sarah M. Romereim, Caleb A. Johnston, Adan L. Redwine,, Rebecca A. Wachs

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Pain originating from an intervertebral disc (discogenic pain) is a major source of chronic low back pain. Pathological innervation of the disc by pain‐sensing nerve fibers is thought to be a key component of discogenic pain, so treatment with biomaterials that have the ability to inhibit neurite growth will greatly benefit novel disc therapeutics. Currently, disc therapeutic biomaterials are rarely screened for their ability to modulate nerve growth, mainly due to a lack of models to screen neuromodulation. To address this deficit, our lab has engineered a three dimensional in vitro disc innervation model that mimics the interface between primary …

Evaluation Of Low-Cost Depth Cameras For Agricultural Applications, Isabella C.F.S. Condotta, Tami M. Brown-Bandl, Santosh Pitla, John P. Stinn, Késia O. Silva-Miranda

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Low-cost depth-cameras have been used in many agricultural applications with reported advantages of low cost, reliability and speed of measurement. However, some problems were also reported and seem to be technology related, so understanding the limitations of each type of depth camera technology could provide a basis for technology selection and the development of research involving its use. The cameras use one or a combination of two of the three available technologies: structured light, time-of-flight (ToF), and stereoscopy. The objectives were to evaluate these different technologies for depth sensing, including measuring accuracy and repeatability of distance data and measurements at …

Biological Systems Engineering, Asmaa Abdella, Fernando Segato, Mark R. Wilkins

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

The present work studied the optimization of aeration rate, agitation rate and oxygen transfer and the use of various batch fermentation strategies for xylanase production from a recombinant Aspergillus nidulans strain in a 3 L stirred tank reactor. Maximum xylanase production of 1250 U/mL with productivity of 313 U/mL/day was obtained under an aeration rate of 2 vvm and an agitation rate of 400 rpm using batch fermentation. The optimum volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) for efficient xylanase production was found to be 38.6 h1. Fed batch mode and repeated batch fermentation was also performed with kLa was 38.6 h1. …

Capturing Spatial Variability In Maize And Soybean Using Stationary Sensor Nodes, Jasreman Singh, Derek M. Heeren, Yufeng Ge, Geng Bai

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

• Irrigation in agriculture maximizes crop yield and improves food security globally • Irrigation scheduling is strongly based on the ability to accurately estimate the appropriate amount and timing of water application • The timing of the irrigation can best be informed through the crop canopy stress, and the amount of irrigation is informed through soil moisture depletion

• Developing upper (non-water stressed) and lower (non-transpiring) baselines for irrigated and non-irrigated maize and soybean • Investigating the relationship between the canopy stress and the soil moisture stress

The canopy temperature stress and soil moisture depletion had stronger correlation for non-irrigated …

Results Of Improvement Of The Technological Process Of Sorting Of Draged Seeds, R.K. Djamolov, E.T. Maksudov, K. Djamolov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the results of experiments conducted to justify the parameters of the seed selection unit to improve the process of sorting seeds. The experiments were carried out by changing the angle of inclination of the seed tray to the horizontal plane from α = 390 to α = 540 and the radius of the lower part of the tray in the aisle R = 140-180 mm. The experimental results show that the bottom of the tray, made in the form of a semicircle, allows the seeds to move up the pipe when the seeds fall from the tray …

Evidence Of Arithmetical Uncertainty In Estimation Of Light And Water Use Efficiency, Meetpal S. Kukal, Suat Irmak Dr.

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

It was demonstrated that conventional resource use efficiency (RUE) estimation methodology is largely subject to arithmetic weakness. Extensive field research data on aboveground biomass (AGB), absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in maize, soybean, sorghum, and winter wheat confirmed this methodological bias for light use efficiency (LUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) estimation. LUE and WUE were derived using cumulated (data aggregates across samplings) and independent (data increments across samplings) approaches. Use of cumulated data yielded strong-but-false correlation between AGB and APAR or Etc, being a statistical artefact. RUE values from an independent (data increments across samplings) …

Predicting Escherichia Coli Loads In Cascading Dams With Machine Learning: An Integration Of Hydrometeorology, Animal Density And Grazing Pattern, Olufemi P. Abimbola, Aaron R. Mittelstet, Tiffany Messer, Elaine D. Berry, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Samuel Hansen

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Accurate prediction of Escherichia coli contamination in surface waters is challenging due to considerable uncertainty in the physical, chemical and biological variables that control E. coli occurrence and sources in surface waters. This study proposes a novel approach by integrating hydro-climatic variables as well as animal density and grazing pattern in the feature selection modeling phase to increase E. coli prediction accuracy for two cascading dams at the USMeat Animal Research Center (USMARC), Nebraska. Predictive models were developed using regression techniques and an artificial neural network (ANN). Two adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) structures including subtractive clustering and fuzzy c-means …

A Novel Self-Healing System: Towards A Sustainable Porous Asphalt, Shi Xu, Xueyan Liu, Amir Tabakovic, Erik Schlangen

Articles

Self-healing asphalt, aimed to produce a sustainable asphalt pavement using green technology, has been studied in the past two decades. Technologies including encapsulated rejuvenator and induction heating have been proposed, demonstrated in the laboratory, and gradually evaluated in field application. This paper looks into the synergy effect of the above two technologies, where induction heating serves as the asphalt damage repair mechanism, requiring just 2 min heating time and encapsulated rejuvenator will replenish (rejuvenate) aged asphalt binder and reinstate bitumen’s healing ability. Moreover, the increased temperature from induction heating could in turn accelerate the diffusion process of rejuvenator into aged …

Energy Saving Issues In Pumping Units, A.I. Anarbaev, D.B. Kodirov, R.A. Zakhidov, B. Usmanov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the issues of energy saving, which are becoming increasingly relevant due to the constant increase in tariffs and the introduction of the demands on energy efficiency and energy conversation. To save energy at pumping units, the characteristics of controlling the electric drive of pumping stations with frequency-controlled control are considered. For adequate adjustment by the technological process of water movement and power supply, corresponding analytical dependencies are obtained. An analysis of the physical expressions of water pumping processes allowed us to determine energy-saving modes of operation and technologies for improving the efficiency of equipment.

Importance Of Creating A System Of Land And Cadastral Data For Subjects Of Agriculture, К. Rakhmonov, M.O. Abdurakhimova

Irrigation and Melioration

A separate model and model were developed for compiling cadastral maps used by the authors for agricultural organizations. The model is intended for enterprises operating in the Tashkent region. The article is based on the scientific and methodological order and the system of destruction of irrigated lands. Based on the experience of leading foreign countries in this area, the possibilities of introducing modern electronic computers in Uzbekistan are presented. The procedure for converting data into a specific algorithm is recommended for the formation of a system of land cadastral data in agricultural entities. It is necessary to create an information …

Apple Orchard Drip Irrigation Conditions Of The Tashkent Region Of Uzbekistan, Sardor Gulyamov, Bakir Serikbaev, Anvar Sherov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents the results of many years of theoretical experimental field research on drip irrigation of the apple orchard of the Golden variety in the conditions of the Tashkent region. Based on the analysis of climatic, soil, hydrogeological, geological, hydrological and economic conditions of the experimental plot, as well as biological features of the garden, the values of total water consumption, water consumption deficit, irrigation, irrigation rate and the number of irrigation by the bioclimatic method are determined.

Calculation Of The Placement Of Vertical Drainage Wells Near An Open Water Source In The Conditions Of Waterlogging Of Built-Up Areas, B.K. Saliev

Irrigation and Melioration

The article discusses the methodology for calculating the intercepting drainage well that reveals the upper layer of the multilayer horizon, and presents analytical dependencies based on the hydrodynamic theory and formulas for approximate calculation of the location of the axial line of the blocking drainage between the source of flooding and the protected built-up area from flooding. In particular, mathematical methods have been improved to solve the forecast problems of flooding in conditions of different pressure, based on the relationship between the depressions and the incoming flow of pressure water into the drainage well. The presence of underground pressure water …

Multisector Water Consumption Database: Surkhandarya Region Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, М. Ikramova, С. Batishev, О. Ikramov, H. Kabilov, D. Nazaraliev, А. Khodjiev, I. Akhmedkhodjaeva

Irrigation and Melioration

The available water resources in the country are used by the different sectors of economy as industry, agriculture, energy, communal service and etc. In this case the water distribution within the river basin requires perfect information service and data exchange facilities. In the paper the developed unified multi-sector on-line database is presented aimed to monitor the water distribution among sectors of economy, database structure, and data exchange tools. The software works at operative mood, allows evaluating the combined water use efficiency by water users.

Field Research Methods And Some Results For Distribution Of Suspended Sediment In Flow Constrained By Transverse Dams, M.R. Bakiev, K.T. Yakubov, O.M. Matkarimov, Z.B. Dovlatov

Irrigation and Melioration

The article presents methods for determining the main parameters of flow of medium hydraulic size sediment, turbidity, sampling methods in field and the instruments used for sampling, methods of processing the samples in laboratory. Methods for setting sections and gage points and conducting field and laboratory research have been developed for flow deformed by blank and through flow transverse dams, water surface longitudinal and transverse slope takes place in the flow constrained by transverse dams, changes in suspended sediment distribution occur inversely. Location of sections for sampling is determined in the article: in the headrace –beyond dam influence zone, maximal …

Hydromechanical Parameters Of River Sediment, A.M. Arifjanov, D.Sh. Allayorov

Irrigation and Melioration

The main problem today in irrigation canals is the danger of siltation, in this process it is important to correctly assess the factors affecting the throughput (hydromechanical parameters of sediment) and using their justification of the hydraulic elements of the flow. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the main hydromechanical parameters (hydraulic fineness) of river sediments, in hydraulic structures, in particular in irrigation canals, which currently increasingly affect adversely moving water. It has been established that the hydraulic size entering the right bank irrigation sump of the Kokand hydropower complex varies in the range of 189-429 mm/s, …

Minimizing Control Circuits Using Logic Elements, R.T. Gaziyeva, A.M. Nigmatov, E.O. Ozodov

Irrigation and Melioration

In this article considered information about contact and non-contact automation. In most cases, contact automation is used in many pumping stations. These phenomena are a power surge or voltage drop. And also the use of contact automation occupies a large place and inconvenience in operation. Non- contactless automation solves these problems. Pumping stations are usually designed with the calculation of their operation without permanent duty personnel. At large stations, a small staff is provided, which primarily carries out control functions. Set the automatic operation of pumping units. Often, automatic selection of switched-on units is carried out, reserve is withdrawn, station …