Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Simulation/Optimization Applications And Software For Optimal Ground-Water And Conjunctive Water Management, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Diverse water management simulation/optimization (S/O) experiences promoted the development of many S/O modeling approaches and models. Several of these are being incorporated within the Simulation/Optimization Modeling System (SOMOS). Non-modeler water scientists or engineers can apply one SOMOS module to optimize field-scale groundwater and conjunctive water management. Experienced groundwater modelers can apply other modules to optimally manage complex heterogeneous aquifer and stream-aquifer systems. SOMOS employs a variety of simulation models and approaches and optimization algorithms to optimize flow and contaminant management. SOMOS or its precursor modules have been well proven in real-world projects. Designed for use by consultants, students, academics, and …

Computing Optimal Pumping Strategies For Groundwater Contaminant Plume Remediation, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Simulation/Optimization (S/0) models can greatly simplify the process of designing remediation systems for contaminated groundwater. We describe some technical aspects of using S/0 models and possible S/0 model formulations for groundwater remediation design. We: discuss some S/0 model optimization algorithms; illustrate simple optimization problem solution; describe two real-world S/0 model applications; and demonstrate S/0 model application under uncertainty.

Comparison Of A Genetic Algorithm And Mathematical Programming To The Design Of Groundwater Cleanup Systems, Alaa H. Aly, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We present and apply a new simulation/optimization approach for single- and multiple-planning period problems in groundwater remediation. Instead of the traditional control locations for contaminant concentrations, we use an L_QC norm as a global measure of aquifer contamination (CMAX). We use response-surface constraints to represent CMAX within the optimization model. We compare the performance of formal mixed integer nonlinear programming and a genetic algorithm for several optimization scenarios.

Optimal Design Of Aquifer Clean Up Systems Under Uncertainty Using A Neural Network And A Genetic Algorithm, Alaa H. Aly, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We present a methodology to account for the stochastic nature of hydraulic conductivity during the design of pump-and-treat systems for aquifer cleanup. The methodology (1) uses a genetic algorithm to find the global optimal solution and (2) incorporates a neural network to model the response surface within the genetic algorithm. We apply the methodology for a real example and different optimization scenarios. The employed optimization formulation requires few hydraulic conductivity realizations. The presented approach produces a trade-off curve between reliability and treatment facility size .

Conjunctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Sustainable Agricultural Production, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This report is a guide to aid conjunctive water use in stream-aquifer systems. Conjunctive use refers to coordinated use of groundwater and surface water resources. This document discusses principles useful for field engineers and agricultural experts. It presents hydrologic and hydraulic principles and quantitative and qualitative parameters relating to sustainable conjunctive use. It provides tools and software.

The Sinmap Approach To Terrain Stability Mapping, Robert T. Pack, David G. Tarboton, C. N. Goodwin

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A promising approach to modeling the spatial distribution of shallow debris slides combines a mechanistic infinite slope stability model with a steady-state hydrology model. The spatial distribution of a “stability index” is governed primarily by specific catchment area (the upslope area per unit contour length) and slope. The model can be interactively calibrated to the unique characteristics of the topography, rainfall, and soils of a particular study area using simple parameters, graphs and maps. Once a landslide and terrain inventory is completed using aerial photographs, this approach is shown to have the capability of producing a stability classification map of …

Optimizing Conjunctive Water Use For Sustainable Production: Tools For The Management Spectrum, Richard C. Peralta, Shengjun J. Wu, H. J. Morel-Seytoux, Fernando Chanduvi

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Making best use of water resources requires coordinating use of groundwater and surface waters--conjunctive use. Conjunctive water management is important on the regional (watershed or aquifer), water district and field scales. Goals might differ for the different administrative levels. A regionally optimal water management strategy is not necessarily optimal for water district managers and individual farmers. Interactions between levels are affected by laws, regulations, traditions and public pressure. To help each organizational level develop water management strategies that best achieve its goals, computer simulation/optimization (S/O) models are useful. Such S/O models couple water flow and transport simulation techniques with formal …

A Review On The Documentation For The South Florida Water Management Model (Sfwmm), Daniel P. Loucks, Wendy D. Graham, Conrad D. Heatwole, John W. Labadie, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Early in February 1998, the South Florida Water Management District asked Professors Wendy D. Graham, Comad D. Heatwole, John W. Labadie, Daniel P. Loucks, and Richard C. Peralta to serve on a panel to

• Review the Draft Documentation for the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM),

• Develop a series of questions, issues and areas for discussion during a site visit,

• Visit the District for a model familiarization session, and

• Prepare and submit a written evaluation of the model, with emphasis on the documentation that will include criticisms, specific recommendations for improvement, and responses to questions posed.

Remax: Software For Optimizing Ground-Water Management, Conjunctive Water Management, And Remediation Design, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

REMAX is a software package designed to assist water managers in developing optimal ground water or coordinated ground water/surface water strategies for a wide range of management problems. REMAX uses MODFLOW, MT3D, and other simulation models to develop the response matrix or response surface equations employed in the final optimization model. To address nonlinear systems (e.g., unconfined aquifers) accurately, REMAX uses a modified response-matrix method. REMAX several nonlinear functions to represent a wide variety of nonlinear response surfaces. REMAX can be used for deterministic or reliability-based optimization problems. Decision variables are ground-water extraction/injection rates and/or surface water diversion rates. State …

Modification Of Flow Model And Optimal Pumping Strategies For Capturing Tce And Dce Plumes Near Mission Drive, Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan: Feasibility Study, Alaa H. Aly, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Utah State University (USU) and Parsons Engineering Science (PES) were tasked by the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence to:

( 1) Modify the three-dimensional basewide ground-water flow model for Wurtsmith Air Force Base (WAFS), Michigan (PES, 1997) based on recent investigation by ICF Kaiser (ICF).

(2) Develop contaminant transport models for OT-24 area TCE and DCE plumes. These models will use the same parameters that were used by ICF in their feasibility study ..

(3) Use the flow and transport models to develop optimal pumping strategies to achieve cleanup and capture of the plumes

Luke Afb Water Rights Ramifications Of The Survey Report For The Gila River Indian Reservation, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The subject Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) report is a thorough preliminary effort at determining how much water is needed to irrigate all practicably irrigable acreages (PIA) on the Gila River Indian Reservation (GRIR). ADWR identified 178,880 acres suitable for irrigation. An existing Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) Master Plan previously identified 146,330 acres suitable for irrigation (requiring 771 ,600 acre-feet of water per year). ADWR compared the two sets of acreages, and identified 129,030 acres common to both.

1997 Calibration Of Flow Model And Optimal Pumping Strategies To Capture Tce Plume At Travis Afb, Ca, Richard C. Peralta, A. H. Aly, J. Atkinson, J. Williams

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to develop a ground-water model that can be used in conjunction with an optimization model to optimize the containment and remediation of ground water contaminated with organic compounds at Travis AFB, California (TAFB). Based on studies by WESTON (Roy F. Weston, Inc.), RADIAN (Radian Corporation), and others, the major ground-water quality problem is a plume of TCE that originates at the Oil Spill Area (OSA) and bas migrated to the south and east under the runway. The immediate remediation objective is to stop the movement of the plume.

Optimizing Conjunctive Use And Groundwater Yield, Richard C. Peralta, Rahman Rahimzadegen, Narendra K. Tyagi

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Advances in computer power and mathematical optimization procedures can improve planning and developing sustainable irrigation systems. Simulation and optimization models can help plm1 groundwater and conjunctive use strategies to best achieve management goals while satisfying mm1agement a11d physical constraints. Simulation/optimization models that couple calibrated flow and transport simulation models with optimization algorithms can help design the best water management strategies. Mm1agers can be relatively sure that the groundwater system will respond acceptably when appropriate procedures are employed to develop the water management strategies. Presented case studies illustrate situations in which developed strategies simultaneously address conflicting management goals such as: maximizing …

Us/Remax Manual Vs. 2.7, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

US/REMAX is designed to assist water managers in developing optimal groundwater and/or surface water strategies for a wide range of management problems. US/REMAX uses the response matrix method, which assumes that physical system response to stimuli is linear. However, US/REMAX can also address nonlinear systems via cycling. In one application, astrategy computed using US/REMAX required 40% less pumping than one obtained via a normal simulation model. US/REMAX also easily computes tradeoffs for multiobjective problems.

Streamflow Simulation: A Nonparametric Approach, Ashish Sharma, David G. Tarboton, Upmanu L. Lall

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper kernel estimates of the joint and conditional probability density functions are used to generate synthetic streamflow sequences. Streamflow is assumed to be a Markov process with time dependence characterized by a multivariate probability density function. Kernel methods are used to estimate this multivariate density function. Simulation proceeds by sequentially resampling from the conditional density function derived from the kernel estimate of the underlying multivariate probability density function. This is a nonparametric method for the synthesis of streamflow that is data-driven and avoids prior assumptions as to the form of dependence (e.g., linear or nonlinear) and the form …

Feasibility Considerations Of An Optimal Pumping Strategy To Capture Tce/Pce Plume At March Afb, Ca, Mohamed A. Hegazy, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

TCE/PCE contaminated groundwater from March AFB has reached off-base supply wells. Further migration of the contaminants can endanger other downstream water supply wells.

Historical Water Use Backcasting Study Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, Mohamed A. Hegazy, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The goal of this report is to present historic (backcast) water use for Luke Air Force Base (LAFB), Arizona for 1941 through 1961. Historic water use (including system losses) from LAFB records can be used as groundwater pumping amounts because groundwater extracted from the underlying aquifer was the sole water source. Historical water use amounts were derived primarily using regression analysis and the Installation Water Resources Analysis and Planning System - Air Force (IWRAPS-AF). IWRAPS-AF is a computer software package designed to forecast or backcast water use and assess the effectiveness of conservation measures at Air Force Installations (Willett et. …

The Fate And Disposition Of Metolachlor And 2, 4-D Under Irrigated Corn And Turf, Ghassan R. Musharrafieh, Richard C. Peralta, Robert W. Hill, Howard M. Deer

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A field lysimeter experiment was conducted during the summers of 1993 and 1994, at the River Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. The intent was to study the fate and disposition of metolachlor and 2,4-D in a one dimensional soil system. Metolachlor was applied to corn and 2,4-D was applied to turf. The mobility, persistence, and degradation of these herbicides were investigated in the field lysimeters using four irrigation treatment levels on corn and two irrigation levels on turf. The four irrigation levels applied to corn were 0, 30, 60, and 120 percent of potential evapotranspiration. The two irrigation levels …

Introduction To Simulation/Optimization Modeling For Groundwater Containment Remediation And (B) Ramifications Of Applying S/O Modeling To Groundwater Containment Remediation, With Case Study Examples, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Normal use of a simulation model to develop a groundwater extraction/injection strategy employs the following process: (1) specify management goals, (2) assume a pumping strategy, (3) simulate system response to the pumping strategy, (4) evaluate acceptability of the system responses, (5) repeat steps (2-4) as required. This is a trial and error approach that is unlikely to actually yield the best pumping strategy for complicated problems

Optimal System Design Of In-Situ Bioremediation Using Parallel Recombinative Simulated Annealing, Horng-Jer Shieh, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We present a simulation/optimization model combining optimization with BIOPLUME II simulation for optimizing in-situ bioremediation system design. In-situ bioremediation of contaminated groundwater has become widely accepted because of its cost-effective ability to achieve satisfactory cleanup. We use parallel recombinative simulated annealing to search for an optimal design and apply the BIOPLUME II model to simulate aquifer hydraulics and bioremediation. Parallel recombinative simulated annealing is a general-purpose optimization approach that has the good convergence of simulated annealing and the efficient parallelization of a genetic algorithm. This is the first time that parallel recombinative simulated annealing has been applied to groundwater management. …

Optimal In-Situ Bioremediation System Design Using Parallel Recombinative Simulated Annealing, Horng-Jer Shieh, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Presented is a simulation/optimization (S/0) model combining optimization with BIOPLUME II simulation for optimizing in-situ bioremediation system design. The (S/0) model uses parallel recombinative simulated annealing to search for an optimal design and applies the BIOPLUME II model to simulate aquifer hydraulics and bioremediation. Parallel recombinative simulated annealing is a general-purpose optimization approach that has the good convergence of simulated annealing and the efficient parallelization of a genetic algorithm. We propose a two-stage management approach. The first stage design goal is to minimize total system cost (pumping/treatment, well installation and facility capital costs). The second stage design goal is to …

Preliminary Evaluation Of The Effects Of A Pumping Well On Existing Surface Water Resources Located In T. 12n, R. 2e, Sec. 23, Cache And Box Elder Counties, Denny J. Johnson, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This report contains the results of a preliminary study of the impact of pumping a well located in T. 12N, R. 2E, sec. 23, Cache and Box Elder Counties, Utah. A semianalytical capture zone analysis was performed to determine if pumping at the well is likely to reduce flow in Willow Creek or any of three springs in the surrounding area. The well has been used from 1974 to present and is sometimes pumped at 90 gallons per minute (gpm) (verbal communication, Veibell, 1996).

Software For Optimizing Groundwater Or Conjunctive Water Management, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

US/REMAX is a computer program designed to assist water managers in developing optimal groundwater and/or surface water strategies for a wide range of management problems. It employs response matrix, regression and other methods adapted for nonlinear systems. US/REMAX performs deterministic or reliability-based, single- or multi-objective optimization. Decision variables are ground-water extraction/injection and/or surface water diversion. State variables include water flows, stages and concentrations. Hard coded objective functions and constraints are linear, nonlinear, integer or mixed integer. Special constraints can be added to address unusual situations.

Toward A Balanced Strategy To Address Contaminated Groundwater Plumes At The Massachusetts Military Reservation, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This document contains the findings and recommendations of the Technical Review and Evaluation Team (TRET) for the plume containment project at the Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR). The findings and recommendations are in response to the 60 Percent Plume Containment Design, submitted by Operational Technologies (OpTech) in January 1996. In short, the TRET recommends the MMR depart substantially from the strategy of simultaneous, 100 percent containment and treatment that was assigned to OpTech for design in accordance with the Record of Decision (ROD) for Interim Action. This strategy guided the course of the plume containment project over the past two years

A Nonparametric Wet/Dry Spell Model For Resampling Daily Precipitation, Upmanu L. Lall, Balaji Rajagopalan, David G. Tarboton

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A nonparametric wet/dry spell model is developed for resampling daily precipitation at a site. The model considers alternating sequences of wet and dry days in a given season of the year. All marginal, joint, and conditional probability densities of interest (e.g., dry spell length, wet spell length, precipitation amount, and wet spell length given prior to dry spell length) are estimated nonparametrically using at-site data and kernel probability density estimators. Procedures for the disaggregation of wet spell precipitation into daily precipitation and for the generation of synthetic sequences are proffered. An application of the model for generating synthetic precipitation traces …

Effect Of Subsurface Heterogeneity On Free-Product Recovery From Unconfined Aquifers, Jagath J. Kaluarachchi

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Free-product record system designs for light-hydrocarbon-contaminated sites were investigated to evaluate the effects of subsurface heterogeneity using a vertically integrated three-phase flow model. The input stochastic variable of the areal flow analysis was the log-intrinsic permeability and it was generated using the Turning Band method. The results of a series of hypothetical field-scale simulations showed that subsurface heterogeneity has a substantial effect on free-product recovery predictions. As the heterogeneity increased, the recoverable oil volume decreased and the residual trapped oil volume increased. As the subsurface anisotropy increased, these effects together with free- and total-oil contaminated areas were further enhanced. The …

Optimal Pumping Strategies To Maximize Dissolved Tce Extraction At Mather Afb, California, Richard C. Peralta, Alaa H. Aly

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

USU first estimated the future TCE concentrations that would result if no pumping strategy were implemented (Figure 5, Scenario AO). Then USU used the procedure of Appendix B with the model formulation of Appendix C to compute optimal pumping strategies. In computing optimal strategies USU cycled until an arbitrary three percent contaminant mass convergence criterion was satisfied.

Critical Assessment Of The Operator-Splitting Technique In Solving The Advection-Dispersion-Reaction Equation: 1. First-Order Reaction, Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, Jahangir Morshed

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Operator-splitting technique (OST) is a common mathematical approach used in the solution of the advection-dispersion-reaction equation (ADRE), especially in the presence of biological decay, where the scales of transport and biological decay are far apart. The OST introduces a time-lag between the advection-dispersion and reaction stages by splitting the ADRE causing a breakdown of the physics of the problem, thus limiting its applicability. In this work, the applicability of the operator splitting technique is studied in parts. This first manuscript addresses the critical limitations of the operator-splitting technique as related to first-order decay, and the second manuscript extends the work …

Critical Assessment Of The Operator-Splitting Technique In Solving The Advection-Dispersion-Reaction Equation: 2. Monod Kinetics And Coupled Transport, Jahangir Morshed, Jagath J. Kaluarachchi

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

In the first manuscript of this two-part series, the behavior of the inherent time-lag error in the operator-splitting technique has been discussed. However, the discussion has been limited to the advection-dispersion-reaction equation with first-order kinetics. In this manuscript, the discussion is extended to address the applicability of the operator-splitting technique in solving the advection-dispersion-reaction equation with Monod kinetics. The discussion also considers the two-species coupled transport problem. The results of the analysis show that the behavior of the time-lag error causing a mass balance error is rather similar to those observed with first-order kinetics. The time-lag error directly depends on …

Design Factors For Improving The Efficiency Of Freeproduct Recovery Systems In Unconfined Aquifers, Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, R. Elliot

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Free-product recovery system designs for light hydrocarbon recovery were investigated to evaluate the effects of multiple-stage pumping, delayed startup, and uncertainty of key residual oil saturation input data using a vertically integrated three-phase flow model, ARMOS. The results obtained from a single well recovery system subjected to a given well location and uniform soil properties suggested that multiple-stage water pumping can enhance the recovery and provide optimal design conditions if cost and recovery oil volume are the targets. However, if containment of the spill area with simultaneous recovery is the target, then single-stage pumping still provides the optimal design. Delayed …