Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Ductile Corrosion-Free Gfrp-Stainless Steel Reinforced Concrete Elements, Maged A. Youssef, Mohamed E. Meshaly, Ahmed Elansary

Civil and Environmental Engineering Publications

Corrosion of steel rebars is known to cause deterioration of concrete structures that can lead to catastrophic failures. To mitigate this problem, steel rebars can be replaced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars. However, the lack of ductility of GFRP-reinforced elements has prevented their use in many structural applications, especially in seismic areas. Stainless Steel (SS) rebars are corrosion resistant and have adequate energy absorption and ductility. However, they are much more expensive than steel rebars. This paper proposes the combined use of SS and GFRP rebars to achieve ductile and corrosion-free elements. The first challenge for such a proposal …

Compressive Strength Relative To Sustainable Materials In Concrete, Brad Harvey

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The objective of this study is to determine how integrating abundant waste materials into concrete affects its compressive strength. This research will be used to benefit the construction industry by replacing a portion of a conventional concrete mix (cement, stone, sand, and water) with more sustainable materials. In order to create a more sustainable concrete mixture, the following mix design and methodology was followed.

The initial step was to create an updatable MS Excel spreadsheet to aid in the mix development (the spreadsheet is shown in Appendix A). These sheets allowed for easy transitions from one mix to another by …

Chemical Modification Of Crumb Rubber To Increase Its Bonding With Concrete, Mary T. Mccannon, Kendall J. Sweitzer

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The hydrophilicity of crumb rubber was increased with wet chemical modification and added to concrete to increase its adhesion with concrete, consequently the compressive strength relative to that of concrete with untreated rubber. Other modification methods were tested on crumb rubber and rubber sheets to yield an increase in hydrophilicity. Certain tests were less reliable for powder testing or tedious and time consuming and concrete materials and rubber may not be homogeneous.

For wet chemical modification, several approaches were attempted. First, crumb rubber was soaked in 5% sodium hydroxide, 5% potassium permanganate and saturated sodium bisulfite, tested for hydrophilicity using …

Identifying Damage, Predicting Expansion, And Determining The Effectiveness Of Sealers On Concrete Affected By Alkali-Silica Reaction And Freeze-Thaw, Matthew Caleb Waidner

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Premature cracking of the barrier wall and pavement on I-49 south of Fayetteville, Arkansas due to a combination of Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) and freeze-thaw has led to ASR and freeze-thaw research at the University of Arkansas. Potential for further expansion (PFET), Damage Rating Index (DRI), and mitigation of freeze-thaw and ASR with sealers testing and results are contained herein. PFET results indicated that the pavement will not continue to expand from ASR. With other interstate pavements deteriorating prematurely throughout Arkansas, DRI has shown that most are damaged not only by ASR but by freeze-thaw too. Recommendations for freeze-thaw’s inclusion into …

Reflectivity Of Light Emitting Diodes (Led) And Incandescent Lights On Concrete And Asphalt Pavements., Jeremy Elliott Rice

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reflectivity of light on concrete and asphalt pavement systems. In 1983, the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) published the first recommended practice (RP-8) for the design of roadway and parking lot lighting. This design method implemented empirically tested factors which were defined as the “reduced luminance coefficients” or the R-Tables. The R-Tables are essential for proper design of light pole installation dimensions, required power, and the distribution of light. The originally tested pavements are not necessarily representative of modern pavement materials used today. Moreover, recent Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are a relatively …

Continuous Long-Term Health Monitoring Using Ultrasonic Wave Propagation, Ece Erdogmus

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

No abstract provided.

Feasibility Study Of Using Recyclable Polyethylene (Pet) Materials As Coarse Aggregate For Concrete Mixtures, Philip M. Angelo

Construction Management

The feasibility of using recyclable household plastics, specifically those made of polyethylene, commonly used in water and soda bottles, as a replacement for concrete coarse aggregate, was assessed. A method was developed for cutting polyethylene materials into fibrous strips. These strips were then used as a replacement for the rock coarse aggregate in batches of concrete. Standard 6” x 12” test cylinders were made using the concrete mixture and subject to destructive compressive testing in order to yield the compressive strength of the concrete mix 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after pouring. Three mixtures were tested, one control with …

Performance Of Continuous Concrete Slabs Reinforced With Hybrid Steel-Basalt Bars, Mohammad Sohayeb Akiel

Theses

Continuous steel-reinforced concrete structures are vulnerable to corrosion

Damage when exposed to harsh environment. Although replacing conventional steel entirely with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars can eliminate corrosion problems, the lower modulus of elasticity of BFRP would reduce serviceability of the structure. The use of hybrid steel-BFRP bars rather than BFRP bars only has a potential to improve the serviceability of continuous concrete

Structures without reducing the deformation capacity. Through experimental testing and numerical simulation, this work aims to examine the structural behavior of two-span concrete specimens internally reinforced with BFRP or hybrid steel-BFRP bars.

A total of 12 two-span …

Development Of A Transition Between An Energy-Absorbing Concrete Barrier And A Rigid Concrete Butress, Tyler L. Schmidt, Ronald K. Faller, Jennifer D. Schmidt, John D. Reid, Robert W. Bielenberg, Scott Rosenbaugh

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

From 2010 to 2015, MwRSF researchers developed the RESTORE barrier, which is a restorable MASH TL-4 median barrier with a steel and concrete rail supported by elastomer posts and steel skids. The research effort reported herein describes the initial development of a transition from the RESTORE barrier to a rigid TL-4 concrete buttress.

The previously-developed RESTORE barrier LS-DYNA model was validated against three full-scale vehicle crash tests. Several design concepts were generated through a series of brainstorming efforts. The primary transition concept consisted of a pin and loop connection between the RESTORE barrier and rigid concrete buttress, which was designed …

Alkali Silica Reaction In Concrete Made From Arkansas Region, Adithya Reddy Mallu

Theses and Dissertations

Alkali-Silica Reaction is an unwanted reaction which occurs over time between cement paste and silica. This in turn alters the expansion of the aggregate and often in an unpredictable way, which will result in loss of strength of concrete and complete failure. This research studies the effects of using locally available coarse and fine aggregates available in Arkansas. This research will provide the necessary information in selecting the type of aggregate that is to be used in constructions and a viable comparison between different aggregates available in Arkansas have been made. Different materials used for preparation of concrete samples have …

Use Of Recycled Crushed Concrete (Rcc) Fines For Potential Soil Stabilization, Lindeman Mark, Varilek Brandon, Lieska Halsey, Rick Gloe, Maria Olomi

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

This study evaluated the use of Recycled Crushed Concrete (RCC) Fines for potential soil stabilization. Soil stabilization is the enhancement of subgrade stability to improve the constructability of successive pavement layers. Use of RCC fines may not only provide less costly alternatives for subgrade stabilization, but their use may also alleviate landfill disposal challenges.

Edge Detection Of Concrete Mesostructure Based On Dis Operator, Bin Feng, Zicheng Xu, Jin Xia, Shijie Jin, Weiliang Jin

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

Aggregate edge detection is the basis of creating concrete mesoscale model, which is applied to analyze concrete mesoscale characteristics. A concrete digital image edge detection method using DIS operator is presented in this paper. Mean filter, multi-scale filter, and Gaussian filter are compared on the effect of concrete image noise reduction. Based on the result, Gaussian filter is the most optimum method to reduce image noise and remain aggregate edge distinct. Sobel operator, Laplacian operator, and DIS operator are applied respectively to detect the aggregate edge on Gaussian filter processed images. Based on the experiment, DIS operator outperforms other two …

Aggregate Shape Effect On Multicomponent Ionic Electromigration In Concrete, Qing-Feng Liu, Long-Yuan Li, Jian Yang

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures

This paper presents a numerical study on the mechanism of chloride migration in concrete. Unlike most of existing work, this study utilises multicomponent ionic transport models to reflect the influence of ionic interactions by coupling both mass conservation and Poisson’s equations. A series of 2-D, 3-phase models with different shapes and volume fractions of aggregates are developed to simulate the chloride migration test. Through a comparatively overall numerical exploration that considers external voltage, ionic interactions, heterogeneous nature, ITZ, and ionic binding, some important features about multispecies coupling and aggregate shape effect, which have not been properly reported from existing concrete …

Seismic Design Of A Prestressed Concrete Bridge, Alperen Ozel

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Latest advancements in software have become an indispensable tool in structural analysis. The main goal of this thesis is to examine dynamic responses of bridges in seismic activity with the help of such tool as CSi Bridge. Therefore, throughout this study, a prestressed concrete bridge model will be thoroughly designed. In the first section, the required materials and structural components will be introduced. The following section will cover calculations required for modeling. The actual modeling of the structure will be carried out in Section 3. In Section 4, the set of required analysis for seismic design such as modal, pushover …

A Concrete Water Pasteurization Device For Third World Countries, Andrea R. Murchie

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

In the rural areas of South Africa, as well as many other developing countries, people cook food and sterilize their water by heating over open fires. Many times the fires are inside of homes, which more often than not are very small. Children will often be the ones to tend to the fire, out of necessity while parents and other family members are tending to other work and needs.

The purpose of my Senior Honors Project was to design a concrete vessel that can hold water and heat the water to pasteurization (149°F) when exposed to sunlight for an extended …

Quantification And Characterization Of Fracture Resistance In Asphalt Concrete Based On R-Curve Method, Shu Yang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The application of fracture energy is widely applied in the evaluation of cracking in the laboratory for asphalt concrete. However, this single number does not provide information on the characterization of the initiation and propagation of cracks. The Resistance Curve method, or R-Curve, is widely applied in characterizing various materials including, but not limited to, metal, polymer, rock, and composite. This research R-Curve method introduces asphalt concrete through a stepwise approach. First, in chapter one, there is a literature review of the history of fracture mechanics, fracture research in asphalt concrete, and an examination of the role of R-Curve application …

Impact Of Extreme Summer Temperatures On Bridge Structures, Ryan Hagedorn

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Climate change and its effect on weather in the United States is a well-documented phenomenon. In particular, extreme heat waves have become more intense, more frequent, and longer lasting, especially in the southern United States. As with much of America’s transportation infrastructure, prestressed concrete bridge girders experience the effects of these heat waves. Uneven heating of optimized bridge girder sections results in large non-linear temperature gradients. In this study, temperature was monitored in three different AASHTO I-girders to determine the vertical and transverse temperature gradients in a pre-deck placement condition. It was determined that the current design standard, which uses …

Potential Application Of Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete With Wet-Mix Shotcrete System In Tunneling, Jean Gamarra

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

In the tunneling industry, shotcrete has been used for several decades. The use of shotcrete or wet-mix spray-on methods allows the application of this method in complex underground profiles and shapes. The need for time efficient spraying methods and constructability for lining coverage opens the door for technologies like steel and synthetic fiber reinforced shotcrete to achieve a uniform and a good quality product. An important advantage of the application of fiber reinforced concrete in shotcrete systems for tunneling is that almost no steel fixing is required. This leads to several other advantages including safer working conditions during excavation, less …

Normal-Strength And High-Strength Concrete Columns Under Cyclic Axial Load And Biaxial Moment, Mehdi Zarei

Dissertations

The technique of using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) materials to repair and strengthen various concrete members has become popular in the structural retrofitting field as an effective way to enhance the strength and ductility of concrete members due to its superior mechanical properties. In this study a method was introduced to study the behavior of concrete columns with and without CFRP jackets under constant axial load and variable lateral load. The lateral load was applied monotonically and cyclically. To predict the behavior of concrete columns under monotonic and cyclic compressive loadings, a computer code was developed to produce the …

Evaluating A New Cem Iii/A Cement For Concretes Exposed To Harsh Acid Rich Environments, David Thompson, Niall Holmes, John Reddy

Conference papers

The Irish Annex to the European specification, performance, production and conformity of concrete, IS EN 206, recommends CEM III/B cement for acid rich environments containing between 66 to 80% GGBS. However, BS 8500, the UK annex to EN 206 and the British Research Establishment (BRE) Special Digest 1, recommends CEM III/A cement with a GGBS range of 36-65%. This project investigated the performance of a new CEM III/A cement produced by Ecocem Ireland in concretes exposed to such environments using an extensive suite of laboratory tests.

In Ireland, up to €5.8bn will be invested to provide fresh drinking water and …

Pumping Of Fresh Concrete: Insights And Challenges, Geert De Schutter, Dimitri Feys

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Pumping of Fresh Concrete is of Utmost Importance for Concrete Practice. Required Pumping Pressures Are Typically Estimated based on Design Charts. However, with the Increased Use of Chemical Admixtures and the Development of More Flowable Concrete Mixtures, the Accuracy of Traditional Design Charts is Questioned. in Recent Years, Significant Progress Has Been Obtained in Understanding the Flow of the Material in the Pumping Pipe, Including the Behavior of the Lubrication Layer Near the Pipe Surface. in Comparison with Traditional Design Charts, This Results in More Reliable Pressure Predictions When Considering Very Fluid Concrete Types Like Self-Consolidating Concrete. Some Remaining Challenges …

Effect Of Fly Ash Fortification In The Manufacture Process Of Making Concrete Towards Characteristics Of Concrete In Sulfuric Acid Solution, Asep Handaya Saputra, Muhammad Shohibi, Masatoshi Kubouchi

Makara Journal of Technology

Fly ash is a silica or alumino silica material that can be used as a constituent of cement in the concrete manufacturing process. Utilization of fly ash aims to improve durability and minimize the reduction of concrete’s compressive strength exposed to an acidic environment, which can be achieved through the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash with Ca(OH)2 within concrete. The reduced content of Ca(OH)2 through pozzolanic reaction will minimize the tendency of ettringite formation (compounds that cause deterioration and decrease the compressive strength of concrete). In order to determine the relation between fly ash replenishment into concrete with concrete’s characteristics …

Phase I Evaluation Of Selected Concrete Material Models In Ls-Dyna, Bradley J. Winkelbauer

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Numerous roadside safety systems are configured with reinforced concrete materials, such as bridge railings, median barriers, and roadside parapets. These protective barrier systems are intended to safely contain and redirect errant vehicles as well as prevent impacts into hazardous fixed objects or other geometric features. The analysis and design of these structures may involve impact simulation with finite element software, like LS-DYNA, which includes multiple concrete material models. For such investigations, limited guidance is available for selecting preferred concrete material models and determining appropriate values for specific parameters. This Phase I study investigated the viability and performance of existing concrete …

Investigation Into Mechanisms And Mitigation Of Alkali-Silica Reaction In Sustainable Portland Cement Concrete Containing Recycled Glass Materials, Kaveh Afshinnia

All Dissertations

A significant portion of recycled glass from municipal waste streams is not found to be suitable for reuse as cullet in the production of new glass containers, and as a result it is disposed in landfills. One of the appropriate ways to reduce the disposal of waste glass in landfills is by using it in portland cement concrete as an aggregate material and/or supplementary cementitious material to replace portion of portland cement. The high silica content of the soda glass (approximately 70%) can potentially behave as a pozzolanic material when finely ground, which may enhance the mechanical and durability properties …

Alkali-~Activated Fly Ash Binders: Feasibility As A Sustainable Alternative To Ordinary Portland Cement For Pre-~Cast Systems, Kimberly Sierra

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Fresh, load-dependent, transport, and durability properties of alkali-activated fly ash mortars were studied. The influences of activator concentration, solution-to-binder ratio, curing condition, activator type, and sodium silicate-to-total solution ratio on the properties of the studied alkali-activated mortars were examined. This study was divided in two phases. The first phase dealt with the use of sodium hydroxide as the sole activator. The second phase of the study was divided into two parts, both of which used a combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as the activator solution. Part I of phase II used elevated temperature curing conditions, whereas part II …

Reducing The Porosity And Sealing Cracks By Using Crystalline Admixture In Conventional Concrete, Visar Krelani, Liberato Ferrara

UBT International Conference

There is a continuous increase of quality on civil engineering materials in developed countries and parallel increase of need for new constructions in developing countries. Professional community should propose solutions for the durability that can resist in different severe environments. The most important factor that can affect concrete durability is represented by the pore distribution. Transport properties can take place through the porous network inside the cementitious composites and the aggregates interface, permitting the ingress of aggressive agents damaging concrete function intrinsically as a material and the well-functioning of the entire structure. The use of a crystalline admixture during the …

Feasibility Of Cathodic Protection In Grouted Post Tensioned Tendons - Exploratory Model Calculations, Jacob Dharma Bumgardner

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Recent corrosion related failures of grouted post tensioned tendons, even after the introduction of improved grouts, have led to renewed interest in supplemental or backup means of corrosion control for these systems. A finite element model is presented to explore feasibility of impressed current cathodic protection of strand in grouted tendons. The model examines polarization evolution as function of service time and includes consideration of anode placement and size, grout porosity, pore water alkalinity, electrochemical species diffusivity and applied voltage on the polarization efficacy and durability of such a system. The exploratory model projections suggested that, within the context of …

Shear Strengthening Of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Textile-Reinforced Mortar, Oluwafunmilayo Morenike Awani

Theses

The effectiveness of using carbon textile-reinforced mortar as an innovative technique to improve the shear response of reinforced concrete beams has been investigated. The research comprised double-shear bond testing on bond behavior of textile-reinforced mortar, large-scale beam testing on shear response of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with textile-reinforced mortar, and nonlinear finite element modeling of the tested beam specimens. Test variables of the double-shear bond testing were the matrix type, and width/length of the bonded area, whereas for the large-scale beam testing, the variables included the number of textile-reinforced mortar layers, matrix type, and amount of internal stirrups. Results of …

Evaluation Of Deterioration Of Structural Concrete Due To Chloride Intrusion And Other Damaging Mechanisms, Sudhir Palle, Brian K. Howell, Theodore Hopwood Ii, Bobby W. Meade

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky's bridges continue to age and experience distress. The intrusion of chlorides into concrete remains the primary mechanism for deterioration. It leads to reinforcing steel corrosion that damages the adjoining concrete structure. This study found problematic chloride concentrations in Kentucky concrete bridge elements (decks, pier caps, abutments). Chloride levels have been found at concentrations sufficient to initiate reinforcing steel corrosion. In some cases, chloride concentrations were sufficient to cause accelerated corrosion and produce major section loss of reinforcing steel. Advanced stages of corrosion such as these typically require costly repairs and maintenance to extend the service life of bridges.

Field …

Post-Tensioned Concrete Shear Wall, Purdue Ect Team

ECT Fact Sheets Archive

The post-tension concrete shear wall by Tipping Mar will replace the conventional concrete shear wall in earthquake prone areas in many instances, depending on the height and scale of the building.