Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Evaluation Of Modified Asphalt Mixtures, Kamyar C. Mahboub, Amy Simpson

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis on various modified asphalt mixture systems in order to determine their suitability for conditions that are commonly encountered in Kentucky.

Several modified asphalt mixture systems were selected for laboratory and field testing (one-mile long field test section on KY 80, Pulaski County). These systems included the following asphalt mixtures: Control, Vestoplast, Polypropylene Fiber, Gilsonite, PMAC #1, Polyester Fiber, and PMAC #2. Laboratory testing included: Marshall stability and flow, mixture air voids and density, indirect tensile strength, moisture damage susceptibility, freeze-thaw damage susceptibility, resilient modulus, and repeated load permanent …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Role Of Geogrids In The Rehabilitation Of Cracked Dams Via Numerical Techniques, Kelly Dean Uhacz

Dissertations and Theses

Collapse and cracking of debris earth embankment dams is a serious problem in areas of the arid Western United States. The use of geogrids is evaluated in this thesis as a possible solution to prevent or reduce the amount of damage to the structures from collapse and cracking.

An apparatus was designed, constructed, and instrumented to electronically acquire data to evaluate the behavior of geogrids during pullout tests under various normal stresses. The pullout tests were also modelled using numerical techniques to correlate physical test data with numerical test data. Understanding the behavior of the geogrid, in both the physical …

Load-Deformation Behavior Of Reinforced Fibrous Concrete Beams, Rujun He

Theses

This study deals with the load-deformation behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams.

Theoretical development of moment-curvature and load-deformation relationships is presented in this paper. It is based on the assumption that the failure at a section occurs either when the force equilibrium equation is violated or when the concrete elements start to get crushed in the member. The complete stress-strain relationship of plain fibrous concrete in reference [2] was used in this study.

A special computer program is presented herein to carry out the theoretical studies of load-deformation behavior of simply supported beam under two-point loading. The validity of …

Automated Determination Of Air Content In Hardened Concrete, Anita R. Navalurkar

Theses

An automated system was developed for the microscopic determination of air content and the related parameters in hardened concrete using the principles of Image Analysis and Computer Technology. Slices taken from the concrete specimen were viewed through a microscope with 40X magnification. The magnified image of the concrete slice is digitized by an Image Analyzing Software. Methodologies were developed for analysis of the digitized image and determination of air content and the required parameters. The automated system included a motorized positioner which translated microscope stage in a frame by frame sequence so that the whole image is digitized. Several tests …

Evaluation Of Cracking Mechanism In Fiber Reinforced Concrete Subjected To Impulsive Loading, Rajendra K. Navalurkar

Theses

This thesis presents an experimental evaluation of J-Integral for plain and fiber reinforced concrete subjected to impact loading. A computer assisted instrumented Charpy test system was employed in applying the impact loads. Twenty two three point bend specimens with two different notch lengths were tested under impact velocity of 43.29 in/sec. Development and testing of a new fiber optic sensor, for the determination of internal Crack Tip Opening Displacements (CTOD) in concrete is described.

Evaluation of J_IC values from experimental results of this study indicate that J_IC can be characterized as a material constant. The Dynamic value of …

Water Treatment Plant Sludge As Sanitary Landfill Liner, Sinnadurai Sockanathan

Theses

This study was performed to explore the possibility of using the sludge waste from the water treatment plant at Boonton New Jersey as a containment material for the sanitary landfills or as a fill material. At present natural clay is being used as a containment liner for the landfills and by using this sludge, recycling of a waste product will be achieved in an economical manner.

As a first part of this studies, efforts were made to utilize the liquid sludge having a solid content of about 3%. Attempts to dewater the liquid sludge to a workable mix by adding …

Determination Of Water-Cement Ratio In Cement Paste By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Jiong Zhao

Theses

As one of the important characteristics of concrete, water-cement ratio controls porosity and thus strength and corrosion resistance of hardened concrete.

This paper presents a laboratory observation for determination of water-cement ratio of fresh concrete for quality control and quality assurance. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the flouresence spectrophtometer were used to determine the calcium concentration in cement solution of various water-cement ratio. The level of water-cement ratio investigated ranged from 0.4 to 0.55 which covers the most range of water-cement ratios in present practice. The result of lab experiments shows an immediate relation between the water-cement ratio and the …

Influence Of Fly Ash Characteristics On Compressive Strength Of Mortar, Poorna Rajeswari Ratnaweera

Theses

Fly ash-cement mortar, constituting of fly ash, cement and sand, vary in strength characteristics from conventional cement sand mortar. Out of many parameters effecting the compressive strength characteristics of fly ash-cement mortar, four were investigated in this study. They are particle size and its distribution, weathering of fly ash, moisture content & water/cementitious ratio and mix proportioning.

Class F fly ashes from three different sources were used in this study. The particle size distribution and moisture content of fly ashes were investigated by standard ASTM methods. The unconfined compressive strength of mortar was obtained by testing 2"x2"x2" test cubes conforming …

Solidification/Stabilization Of Chromium Contaminated Soil Using Cement And Fly Ash, Arunkumar Sripathi

Theses

Chromium, when present in the soil, can cause serious health hazards. Toxicity depends upon the concentration in the soil. Chromium in soil has become a major problem in some sites and a method must be developed so that it can be treated or disposed of in a safe manner.

In this research experiments are conducted to check whether the chromium contaminated soil can be solidified and landfilled in a safe way. To have a control over the amount of chromium present in the soil, pure soil (free from chromium contamination) was used and chromium was added in different proportion.

Another …

Effects Of Plan Asymmetry In Inelastic Seismic Response Of One-Story Systems, Rakesh K. Goel, Anil K. Chopra

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The effects of plan asymmetry on the earthquake response of one-story systems are identified by comparing the dynamic response of an asymmetric-plan system and the corresponding symmetric-plan system for a wide range of system parameters—uncoupled lateral vibration period, uncoupled torsional-to-lateral frequency ratio, stiffness eccentricity, and yield factor. Elastic as well as inelastic systems are studied. For the latter, two values of the strength eccentricity are considered: equal to the stiffness eccentricity and zero; the latter is representative of code-designed buildings. Based on the response results for a wide range of system parameters, this paper identifies how the structural response is …

Cost Effective Maintenance Contracting -- A Literature Review, Bobby W. Meade, David Q. Hunsucker

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Faced with ever increasing maintenance needs and constrained resources for meeting those needs, government agencies are searching for the most cost effective means of conducting highway maintenance. One alternative being used is contracting highway maintenance to private agencies. This report includes the findings of a literature search of articles pertaining to contract maintenance.

Review of the articles acquired in the literature search indicates that contract maintenance is increasing in usage and is a cost effective alternative.

Evaluation Of Highway Geometrics Related To Large Trucks, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

One objective of this study was to determine the extent of highway safety and geometric problems associated with larger trucks using Kentucky's highways. The accident analysis involved both a general analysis of all truck accidents statewide as well as the identification of specific high-accident locations. A second objective was to identify criteria which can be used in identifying roadway sections that cannot safely accommodate large trucks.

The accident analysis given can be used to investigate locations which have a high number of truck accidents. The general accident statistics related to trucks can be used in the investigation of the high-accident …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Alternative Sprinkler Irrigation Parameters On Pesticide Movement, Ahmad Yar Ranjha, Richard C. Peralta, Robert W. Hill, Antonio Maria Requena, Howard M. Deer, Majid Ehteshami

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The relative reduction in potential ground-water contamination due to pesticides at several sites in Utah was determined by comparing alternative irrigation system designs, water management practices and pesticides. Alternative sprinkler irrigation distribution coefficients were used to estimate infiltration depths. The movement of pesticides through soils following sprinkler irrigations was simulated with one-dimensional model. Pesticide contamination of ground water can be reduced by careful selection of pesticides, properly designed irrigation systems and improved water management techniques. Procedures for selecting an appropriate sprinkler design and pesticide are presented.

Ole Miss Engineer 1991

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

The Edge Strength Of Annealed And Heat-Strengthened Glass, Gregory P. Sallee

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

Sadly, up until now, very little research has been conducted in the field of glass window strength. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to explore the topic of glass window strength such that we might offer some conclusive evidence as to the probable in-situ performance of structural windows. Our intention is to examine the specific phenomenon of thermally- induced stress and its effect on glass strength. J. G. Croll explains the existence of this well-documented problem. "Whenever a structure is subjected to a varying temperature distribution, or where it is prevented from free expansion, stresses will be induced that …

Evaluation Of Film Coated Window Glass Subjected To The Effects Of Windstorms, Ronald B. Shankland Jr.

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The harm incurred by structures, equipment, and people due to window unit failure during a windstorm is drastically reduced if the glass remains in the frame until the storm has subsided.

There are basically two types of window glass used in curtain wall cladding systems: heat treated and annealed. Heat treated glass is tempered during its manufacture so that it retains residual surface stresses in the range of 3500 psi to 10,000 psi, or more. Annealed glass is cooled very slowly under controlled conditions in order to remove undesired internal stresses (Reznik, 1987). Also known as float glass, annealed glass …

Development Of Turning Templates For Various Design Vehicles, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to develop the data necessary to produce the turning templates that would represent the minimum turning paths for critical design vehicles. This would include information concerning truck turning radii and offtracking for larger trucks with varying wheelbases operating in Kentucky. In order for the turning templates used for the various design vehicles to be based on the same procedure, data were produced tor design vehicles ranging from a passenger car to a combination truck with a 53 foot trailer. The simulation model used was the Truck Offtracking Model (TOM) and was developed by the …

Indiana Model Zoning Ordinance, T. William Patterson

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This HERPICC model is intended as a basis for helping Indiana counties, cities, and towns to write or revise local regulatory ordinances. Having such a model is especially urgent because field trips taken throughout the state have revealed that many jurisdictions are vulnerable to lawsuits because their ordinances are out of date and do not conform to the current provisions of the Indiana Code. This situation is made more serious by the lack of adequate professional planning staff or consultants available to local governments. Many may have received inaccurate advice from their attorneys. Too often, attorneys are not familiar enough …

Computation Of Dynamic Large Displacements In Earth Systems, Mohamed Fadel Succarieh, Jerry I. Lin, Ahmed-Waeil M. Elgamal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A model for the computation of seismically induced permanent displacements is earth structures are proposed. This model allows relative sliding between different zones of the structure under investigation. Large displacements are allowed between these zones. Elasto-plastic constitutive soil behavior is accounted for. An updated Lagrangian Jaumann Finite Element formulation is used. The proposed model is used to predict the observed behavior of LaVillita Dam during the November 15, 1975 earthquake.

A Variational Formulation For Classical Models Of The Slope Stability With Earthquake Effect, Petr Koudelka, Petr Procházka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper deals with an extension of application of the Method of Apriori Integration to a model of a general slope, which is partly homogeneous and which is loaded also by the earthquake effect. The most dangerous direction of the power effect of the vibration is shown and for this direction the change of safety factor is discussed. The effect of reduced shear strength is included.

Consideration Of Earthquake Damage To Earth Dam For Irrigation In Japan, Shigeru Tani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

There are many small earth dams for irrigation called "TAMEIKE" in Japan, Most of them were constructed before modern soil engineering were established on the basis of empirical techniques. Earthquakes in the past gave much damage to these earth dams. This paper surveys damage of earthquake for those remaining on records again, and as for Nipponkai-Chubu Earthquake, detailed investigations such as in-situ test, laboratory test, analysis were made to clarify causes of the damage to earth dams. From the result of survey, the following matters were found; i.e., large damages occur at a high rate on earth dams whose foundation …

Displacements Of Slopes Under Earthquake Loading, L. J. L. Lemos, P. A. L. F. Coelho

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The displacements and rates of displacement of slopes post-rupture are influenced by the dynamic response of soils. Pre-existing shear surfaces at or close to residual strength are frequently present in slopes of clay and weak mudstone, due to previous slope movement or tectonic disturbance. Knowledge of the strength of such surfaces under rapid loading is necessary of stability during and after an earthquake is to be examined. To obtain such data, high speed displacement controlled ring shear tests have been performed, on samples after being pre-sheared to residual conditions. With the results from those tests, suitable constitutive laws were derived …

Dynamic Response Of Earth Dam-Foundation System, Lin Gao, Guan Fei

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A numerical procedure is proposed to analyze the seismic response of structure resting on layered medium. By this approach the effects of the dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) upon the response of earth dam on multi-layered half space subjected to seismic ground motions are studied. The dynamic responses of earth dams on rigid base are also evaluated to compare with those on a flexible homogenous half space. It is noted that great differences may arise between the results of the two cases. To investigate the influence of the truncated size of foundation in horizontal direction on the dynamic response of the …

Effects Of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Of Sediments Stored Behind Concrete Dams, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan, T. Srithar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earthquake induced liquefaction of sediment stored behind dams can give rise to high uplift pressures which could endanger their safety. The uplift pressures depend upon the permeability and compressibility of both the sediment and the foundation and are controlled by Biot's equation. Uplift pressures are computed for a single dam and foundation with a range of properties. The results show that for the conditions analyzed, the uplift pressures are largely controlled by the foundation permeability with the largest uplift pressures occurring for the highest foundation permeability. The possibility of liquefied sediment flowing into fissures in the foundation rock is also …

Inelastic Seismic Response Of San Fernando And Santa Felicia Dams, Elsa Stara-Gazetas, Ricardo Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified method of inelastic seismic analysis of earth dams developed by the authors is used to study the response of the San Fernando and Santa Felicia dams to accelerograms recorded in the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake. The method involves two separate stages. In stage I, the dam is discretized into finite elements and is subjected to horizontal static inertia-like forces; its nonlinear deformation is computed using a plane strain code, while the applied horizontal forces are gradually increased until large enough strains develop in most elements of the dam. The results of this analysis are utilized to derive realistic …

Measured And Calculated Dynamic Response Of Rock-Fill Dam, Lelio H. Mejia, Katherine Fung, David W. Sykora, Joseph P. Koester, Mary E. Hynes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently completed a seismic stability assessment of the Ririe Darn and Reservoir Project located near Idaho Falls, Idaho. Ririe Darn is an earth- and rockfill darn with a central impervious core constructed between 1966 and 1975 in a narrow canyon of Willow Creek. A geologic and seismologic study indicated that the controlling maximum credible earthquake (MCE} is a Magnitude 7.5 earthquake at a distance of 8 km from the darn. The seismic stability analysis included a dynamic response analysis of the darn using two-dimensional finite element procedures. Empirical relations derived from the observed response …

One- And Two-Dimensional Analysis Of Earth Dams, D. J. Elton, C. F. Shie, T. Hadj-Hamou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earth dams may experience reduction in shear strength due to seismically induced pore pressures. Such reduction may be large enough to result in large deformations and eventual loss of the reservoir. While the analysis of embankment dams subject to earthquake loading is a complicated process, it is required for evaluation of seismic stability. In particular, the possibility of liquefaction in older, hydraulically-filled or otherwise poorly compacted dams during earthquakes presents a threat that must be addressed. This paper compares two methods of calculating the peak dynamic shear stress (critical to liquefaction evaluation) that occurs in an embankment during an earthquake. …

Response Of Earth Dams In Canyons Subjected To Asynchronous Base Excitation, Panos Dakoulas, Humayun Hashmi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A mathematical solution is presented for steady-state lateral response of earth and rock fill dams in canyons subjected to asynchronous excitation consisting of obliquely incident SH waves. The dam is idealized with a 2-dimensional shear wedge and the canyon is considered rectangular and consisting of flexible rock. A parametric study is undertaken to investigate the influence of (a) the angle of incidence, (b) the impedance ratio and (c) the canyon narrowness on the steady-state response, by considering in a simplifying way the effects of the dam-canyon interaction. The results demonstrate that the above factors may have a significant effect on …