Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Evaluation Of Torsional Provisions In Seismic Codes, Anil K. Chopra, Rakesh K. Goel

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The effects of plan asymmetry on the earthquake response of code-designed, one-story systems are identified with the objective of evaluating how well these effects are represented by torsional provisions in building codes. The earthquake-induced deformations and ductility demands on resisting elements of asymmetric-plan systems, designed according to several different codes, are compared with their values if the system plan were symmetric. The presented results demonstrate that the design eccentricity in building codes should be modified in order to achieve the desirable goal of similar ductility demands on asymmetric-plan and symmetric-plan systems. The design eccentricity should be defined differently for elastic …

Effects Of Plan Asymmetry In Inelastic Seismic Response Of One-Story Systems, Rakesh K. Goel, Anil K. Chopra

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The effects of plan asymmetry on the earthquake response of one-story systems are identified by comparing the dynamic response of an asymmetric-plan system and the corresponding symmetric-plan system for a wide range of system parameters—uncoupled lateral vibration period, uncoupled torsional-to-lateral frequency ratio, stiffness eccentricity, and yield factor. Elastic as well as inelastic systems are studied. For the latter, two values of the strength eccentricity are considered: equal to the stiffness eccentricity and zero; the latter is representative of code-designed buildings. Based on the response results for a wide range of system parameters, this paper identifies how the structural response is …

Low Cost Software, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

This is the fifth in our series on low cost software available to JAPCA readers. These programs have been developed by APCA members and are provided as a professional courtesy, as is, without warrantee. The authors would appreciate any feedback you have. In addition, we hope you will be willing to share programs you have developed for your own PC. To share your program all you need to do is prepare a brief description, similar to those in this column and send it with your program and any examples or documentations you are willing to furnish to: Dr. Hal Cota, …

Surabaya Indonesia: Options In Solid Waste Management, Samuel A. Vigil

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The Government of Indonesia requested assistance from the United States Trade and Development Program (TDP) regarding improvements to the solid waste management system of the City of Surabaya. TDP retained the author to prepare a Preliminary Feasibility Study which will enable TDP to make an informed decision on the desirability of funding further engineering work leading to solid waste projects.

Microcomputer Model For Solid Waste Planning, Samuel A. Vigil, Jane A. Zevely, Roy Yeaman

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Source Testing Software, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Ifyou have been looking for a way to speed the calculation or reporting of source test data, this month's column will be of interest to you. Included in this review are one commercial program, several noncommercial programs, and a summary of programs that are available for programmable calculators. The author would appreciate knowing of similar programs that you may have developed or used.

Microcomputer Solid Waste Financial Model, Samuel A. Vigil, Jane A. Zevely

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Applications of a microcomputer based solid waste financial model will be described. The model is written as an overlay to the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet program. It makes use of the Lotus 1-2-3 macro programming capabilities and is menu driven, requiring minimal computer skills for use. The model allows engineers to estimate costs for recycling centers, waste-to-energy plants, and landfills. Outputs include summary tables of operational and capital costs, as well as a 20 year proforma income statement. The model was developed for the California Waste Management Board, an agency of the State of California, and will be distributed by them.

Method And Apparatus For Generating Electrical Energy From A Heated Gas Containing Carbon Particles, Samuel A. Vigil, Rick B. Spielman

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Carbon particles entrained in the gas flow into a magnetohydrodynamic generator are electrostatically charged from a source of high voltage and then function as charge carriers in the MHD process. Lower flow temperatures may be used and seeding with alkali metal salts is unnecessary as the MHD process becomes independent of thermal ionization of constituents of the gas flow.

Solid Waste Resource Recovery Alternatives, U.S. Facility, Subic Bay, Philippines, Samuel A. Vigil, R. M. Roberts, Donald E. Brunner

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The U.S. Navy Public Works Center, Subic Bay, Republic of the Philippines (PWC Subic Bay) is responsible for the collection and disposal of almost 300,000 yd³ of solid waste annually. A portion of this solid waste is manually sorted and recycled, resulting in gross revenues of over $200,000 in FY82. The present manual sorting and recycling system is considered by PWC Subic Bay to be inadequate in terms of sanitation, safety, and recyclable materials recovery. Therefore , PWC Subic Bay requested that the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (NCEL) study the system and recommend improvements.

Low Technology Recycling And Rdf System At The U.S. Facility, Subic Bay, Philippines, Samuel A. Vigil, Donald E. Brunner

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The U.S. Facility Subic Bay is located about 50 miles east of Manila, on the East China Sea. The Facility consists of seven major Naval installations. The Facility is essentially a large commercial/industrial complex. The Public Works Center (PWC) Subic Bay is the public works agency responsible for the collection and disposal of the solid waste produced by the facility. A portion of the solid waste is manually sorted and recycled. Although the present manual sorting and recycling system is effective, PWC Subic Bay feels that it can be improved. Therefore , the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (NCEL) was requested …

Performance And Economic Feasibility Of A Sludge/Wastepaper Gasifier System, N. W. Sorbo, George Tchobanoglous, John R. Goss, Samuel A. Vigil

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Thermal gasification of densified sludge/wastepaper fuels has been shown to be technically feasible for the co-disposal of sludge and source-separated wastepaper. The performance and economic feasibility of a downdraft packed-bed gasifier system fueled with densified sludge/wastepaper and wastepaper fuels has been evaluated.

To assess the performance of the gasifier, a series of gasifier runs were conducted at various air input rates with the use of various densified fuels. In eight of the runs, a densified fuel consisting of 20 percent lagoon-dried sludge and 80 percent recycled wastepaper was used; in five runs, densified wastepaper cubes were used. Gaseous and particulate …

A Basic Computer Program For The Gaussian Equation For A Point Source, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Many readers now are using microcomputers in their work. The advantages of these inexpensive and powerful tools are being recognized by both industry and universities. Microcomputers can be used in lengthy calculations, simulations, data collection and handling, and word processing. Programming these computers can be done in numerous languages such as Basic, Fortran and Pascal. It is often possible to find commercial programs or software available to handle a given application. There are a growing number of programs published which are now in the public domain. Only a limited number of programs dealing with air pollution problems are available ready …

An Update On College And University Programs In Air Pollution Control, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

A survey of academic programs in air pollution control was made. Results from the 127 schools reporting are tabulated by state. Faculty involved in air pollution instruction are identified. Some conclusions and recommendations are presented.

Gasification Of Densified Sludge And Wastepaper In A Downdraft Packed-Bed Gasifier, George Tchobanoglous, Nelson W. Sorbo, Samuel A. Vigil

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The co-disposal of densified sludge and wastepaper in a co-current flow packed bed gasifier represents new application of the thermal gasification process. Advantages of this technology include lower costs than other incineration or pyrolysis technologies, simple construction and operation, and the ability to use a variety of fuels including agricultural wastes and other biomass materials in addition to densified sludge and wastepaper.

Thermal Gasification Of Densified Sewage Sludge And Solid Waste, Samuel A. Vigil, George Tchobanoglous

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Disposing of sewage sludge in an economical and environmentally acceptable manner is a problem for all communities that have wastewater treatment plants , Similarly , many communities are having to dispose of increasing quantities of solid waste. These problems could be solved by co-disposal of sludge and solid waste in a common facility. This study, a condensation of the original report, presents results of an experimental program on the feasibility of gasifying densified sludge and source-separated solid waste.

The Use Of Appropriate Technologies For Biomass Waste Conversion In Small Communities, Samuel A. Vigil, Douglas W. Williams, Robert E. Spitzka, Hilary M. Theisen

Civil and Environmental Engineering

This paper will describe several simple, appropriate technologies for biomass waste conversion which can be applied in rural or small community settings. Technologies to be discussed include ethanol production from cannery wastes with a mobile fermentor/still, production of low-energy fuel gas from agricultural and municipal wastes. Each of the technologies will be briefly discussed below.

Thermal Gasification Of Densified Sewage Sludge And Solid Waste, Samuel A. Vigil, George Tchobanoglous

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The disposal of sewage sludge in an economic and environmentally acceptable manner is a problem common to all communities that have municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Similarly, all communities are faced with the disposal of increasing quantities of solid waste. The co-disposal of sludge and solid waste in a common facility is a potential solution to both of these problems. The results of an experimental program to verify the feasibility of the gasification process for the co-disposal of densified sludge and source separated solid waste are presented in this paper.

An Integrated System Employing Alternate Technologies For Liquid And Solid Waste Managment For Intermediate And Small Communities, George Tchobanoglous, John E. Colt, Robert G. Smith, Samuel A. Vigil

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Over the past 20 years , a variety of alternative, and in many cases innovative, technologies have been proposed for use in waste management systems. If alternative technologies are to be adopted they must, 1) be technologically feasible, 2) minimize the use of energy and resources, 3) maximize the recovery of the energy and nutrients contained in wastewater, 4) be cost-effective, and 5) not be unnecessarily disruptive of the existing order in their implementation. Although a number of the proposed technologies have met some or all of these requirements , few of them have been widely adopted. The principal reason …

Application Of Packed Bed Gasifiers To The Reduction Of Solid Wastes And The Recovery Of Energy, Samuel A. Vigil, George Tchobanoglous, Edward D. Schroeder

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Careers In Air Pollution Control, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

University Programs In Air Pollution Control: Review And Outlook, August T. Rossano, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

From the inception of the National Air Pollution Control program, the U. S. Congress has been mindful of the need and importance of adequate manpower. The challenging technical problems which lie ahead in enforcement, monitoring, testing and research can be effectively dealt with only by individuals with specialized knowledge, skills and experience. In this paper the authors look at undergraduate and graduate training that is being carried out, employment opportunities and the way these may change in the future. A recently completed survey of college level air pollution training in the United States and Canada is included in the report.

A Review Of Manpower Training And Future Directions In Air Pollution Control At Universities, August T. Rossano, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Environmental Manpower And Training, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Air Pollution Control Training In Colleges And Universities: A Status Report For The United States And Canada, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

The APCA Education and Training Committee surveyed air pollution training at colleges and universities in the United States and Canada in 1975. There were 197 full-time faculty teaching air pollution courses at 75 schools. Graduates from these programs are finding meaningful work in both the public and private sector. Financial support is briefly discussed.

Problems Of Measurement In The Environmental Field, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Air Pollution Control Training In Colleges And Universities In The United States, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

A nationwide survey of air pollution control training efforts in the United States at colleges and universities was carried out for the S-ll Education and Training Committee, Air Pollution Control Association. Information from 91 schools having four year or graduate programs and five community colleges was received. Questions include type of course work, backgrounds of participating faculty and students, and eventual placement. At the present time about 70% of those in training are graduate students. It was found that most students taking initial employment in air pollution control activities had the M.S. degree. Recommendations for updating this information are made.

Decomposition Of Diulte Hydrogen Peroxide In Alkaline Solutions, Harold M. Cota, T. Katan, M. Chin, F. J. Schoenweis

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Worldwide Training In Air Pollution Control, Harold M. Cota

Civil and Environmental Engineering

A survey of academic training in air pollution control was recently conducted for the APCA Education Council. Questionnaires were sent to faculty at over 200 universities in the United States and 150 universities around the world. This paper lists the schools which completed the questionnaire and includes the number of both undergraduate and graduate courses available, the academic department, and the range of research projects presently underway. The findings indicate that air pollution is a subject being taught worldwide. Most schools predict that their current level of instruction will not change in the next five years. Additions and corrections are …

Design Parameters For Fuel Batteries Operating In A Zero G Field, A. P. Hardt, Harold M. Cota, J. L. Fick, T. Katan

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Some design parameters of a hydrazine-oxygen fuel battery operating in a zero G field are described in a digital computer programming treatment. The power balance for a battery employing a gas-producing electrode and an electrolyte pump is treated; optimum power densities and flow rates are established.