Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

A Numerical Model For Areal Migration Of Water And Light Hydrocarbon In Unconfined Aquifers, Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, J. C. Parker, R. J. Lenhard

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A finite element model has been developed to simulate simultaneous flow of water and light hydrocarbon in an areal flow region of an unconfined aquifer for analyses of hydrocarbon spreading from subsurface leaks or spills and for use in design of free product recovery systems. Vertically integrated governing equations for water and oil flow are employed which assume local vertical equilibrium and negligible gas pressure gradients. Multiple water and free product recovery wells are handled as internal type-I boundary conditions by stipulating air-oil table elevation and free product height with corrections to convert grid averaged nodal heads to actual well …

Drastic Indices For Selected Agricultural Areas In Utah, Ahmad Yar Ranjha, Richard C. Peralta, Majid Ehteshami

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The main objective of this report is to present contour maps of DRASTIC indices for selected areas in Utah. In general, the higher the DRASTIC index value, the greater the potential for ground-water pollution. The acronym DRASTIC is derived from the following hydrogeologic factors which affect vertical movement of water through the soil, and hence affect downward movement of contaminant.

The Policy Process: Cooperation As An Initiative In Utah, Richard C. Peralta, Ann W. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

New Product Performance Evaluation Under Simulated Rain (Part Ii), C. Earl Israelsen, Gilberto Urroz

Reports

Introduction: In January, 1990 a report bearing the same title as this report was prepared and submitted to CONWED Corporation. It contained results from tests performed on experimental erosion control blankets that CONWED was developing. This report provides similar test results of additional new material.

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp, Reserach Completion Report For Phase Ii, David S. Bowles, Gail E. Bingham, Upmanu Lall, David G. Tarboton, Mohammed Al Adhami, Donald T. Jensen, Greg D. Mccurdy

Reports

Executive Summary: This report summarizes work conducted during the funding period (July 1 through September 30, 1990) of a Cooperative Agreement between the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University. The purpose of the agreement is to develop a Western Mountain Climate Generator (MCLIGEN) similar in function to the existing Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) procedure. Also, we are developing a Western U.S. snowpack simulation model for inclusion in WEPP. In the Western U.S., few meteorological observations exist in high elecation areas where Forest …

Aspen Environmental Consultants, Inc; Report Of Tests: Preliminary Evaluation Of Three Erosion Control Products, Gilberto Urroz, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Introduction: Controlling the erosion of soil is a growing concern in the developed countries of the world, and continuing attempts are being made to develop new and better erosion control products. Only by careful comparative testing of such products under similar conditions is it possible to determine their relative merits. in the test facility at the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), the variables of wind, sunlight, soil, hillslope, and rainfall rate and duration can all be independently controlled, thus providing an ideal location for determining the actual effectiveness or various kinds of erosion control products. Aspen Environmental Constultants, Inc. contracted …

Pipe Network Simulation Analysis Computer Program - Netwk, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

This manual describes the data that a versatile computer program USU-NETWK requires to complete a time dependent solution of flowrates and pressures throughout a pipe network. This program can be used for steady-state analysis and design, as well as simulation solutions through some period of time. In fact, unless specified otherwise, a steady-state solution is assumed.

In this user's manual there is no attempt to describe the methods used in USU-NETWK to provide solutions to either analysis or design problems. Rather this user's manual is devoted exclusive to describing the input data, and the use of USU-NETWK in solving various …

Product Evaluation For Soil Erosion Control And Plant Growth Enhancement, C. Earl Isrealsen, Gilberto Urroz

Reports

Introduction: Manufacturers in the developed countries of the world continue to formulate new and better products for controlling soil erosion. Only by careful comparative testing of such products is it possible to determine their relative merits. In the test facility at the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), the variables of wind, sunlight, soil, hillslope, and rainfall rate and duration can all be independently controlled, thus providing an ideal location for determining the actual effectiveness of various kinds of erosion control products. Many companies are availing themselves of the opportunity to accurately compare their products at the UWRL with other similar …

New Product Performance Evaluation Under Simulated Rain, C. Earl Israelsen, Gilberto Urroz

Reports

Introduction: Manufacturers are continually seeking ways of improving the effectiveness of their erosion control products. Products currently in use include chemical as well as organic materials, and they are applied with varying degrees of success. The Fibers Division of the CONWED Corporation, one of the nation's most progressive producers of erosion control products, requested the comparative testing of some of their new products with those of some leading competitors. This report contains results of those tests.

Pep Property Estimation Program And Chemical Property Database, William J. Doucette, Mark S. Holt

Reports

PEP Overview

A property Estimation Program (PEP), utilizing MCI-property, TSA-property and property correlations and UNIFAC-derived activity coefficients, has been developed for the Apple Macintosh microcomputer to provide the user with several approaches to estimate S, Kow, Pv, H, Koc, and BCF depending on the information available.

Structural information required for the MCi and UNIFAC calculation routines can be entered using either Simplified Molecular Identification and Line Entry System (SMILES) notation or connection tables generated with commercially available two-dimensional drawing programs. The TSA module accepts 3-D atomic coordinates entered manually or directly reads coordinate files generated by molecular modeling software. The …

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp, Progress Report No. 2, David S. Bowles, Gail E. Bingham, Upmanu Lall, David G. Tarboton, Mohammed Al Adhami, Donald T. Jensen, Greg D. Mccurdy

Reports

Executive Summary: This report summarizes work conducted during the funding period (July 1 through September 30, 1990) of a Cooperative Agreement between the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University. The purpose of the agreement is to develop a Western Mountain Climate Generator (MCLIGEN) similar in function to the existing Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) procedure. Also, we are developing a Western U.S. snowpack simulation model for inclusion in WEPP. In the Western U.S., few meteorological observations exist in high elevation areas where Forest …

Development Of Mountain Climate Generator And Snowpack Model For Erosion Predictions In The Western United States Using Wepp, Progress Report No. 1, David S. Bowles, Gail E. Bingham, Upmanu Lall, David L. Martens, Greg D. Mccurdy, David G. Tarboton

Reports

Executive Summary: This report summarizes work conducted during the initial funding period (November 1, 1989 through June 30, 1990) of a Cooperative Agreement between the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL), Utah State University. The purpose of the agreement is to develop a procedure for incorporating western mountain climate into the existing Climate Generator (CLIGEN), which is part of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) procedure. In the Western U.S., few meteorological observations exist in high elevation areas where Forest Service properties are located. Therefore, a procedure for estimating climatological variables in mountainous areas …

Reconnaissance-Level Alternative Optimal Groundwater Use Strategies, Richard C. Peralta, Bithin Datta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This study develops regionally optimal ground-water extraction strategies. Alternative explicit planning objectives arc: (1) Maximize total pumping from the underlying aquifer while causing the evolution of a steady potentiometric: surface: and (2) maintain a prespecified target potentiometric surface. Implicit objectives involve controlling stream/aquifer interflow and water flow across a state boundary, and attempting to avoid poss disruption of current cropping patterns. Models, bounds, constraints, and data arc: formulated. Alternative optimal strategies and the rationale for preferring one strategy arc: presented for a region in Arkansas. The objective of maintaining the relatively unstressed target potentiometric: surl1ce yields politically and socially unacceptable …

Exeis, Expert Screening And Optimal Extraction/Injection Pumping Systems For Short-Term Plume Immobilization, R. L. Ward, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This report presents the EXEIS family of micro-computer based programs for achieving short-term contaminant plume containment. EXEIS is applicable if contaminated water cannot be extracted and water cannot be imported to or exported from the site. There are two main purposes and types of users. For persons relatively unfamiliar with groundwater remedial actions, an expert screening system gives guidance concerning whether extraction/injection (Eli) pumping, slurry wall or sheet piling are most appropriate. For personal more experienced in remedial actions, management models compute optimal E/I strategies for short-term containment. Via deterministic and stochastic multiobjective optimization models, uncertainty in both planning horizon …

Optimal Conjunctive Use Of Ground And Surface Waters, Richard C. Peralta, A. Gharbi, L. S. Willardson, A. W. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Conjunctive water management involves coordinating the use of groundwater and surface water in time and in space. The water sources might or might not be in hydraulic connection with each other. In this chapter, conjunctive water use involves the combined use of surface and groundwater to supply crop water needs.

Two simplified examples of conjunctive use follow. Farmer Allen uses river water to irrigate his crops. In dry years, with below average stream flow, his surface water supply is severely limited by late summer. To augment this surface water supply, he pumps groundwater. In wet years, when the surface water …

Conjunctive Water Use/Sustained Groundwater Yield Planning: Case History, A. R. Yar, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A methodology for computing perennial ground-water yield and conjunctive water use strategies is presented, using the Arkansas Grand Prairie as a case study. This includes development and use of an optimization model for computing sustainable ground-water pumping strategies and a post-processor for allocating ground-water and surface water supplies in time and space. The optimization model utilizes embedded finite difference flow equations as constraints and bounds on pumping, recharge and potentiometric head. Computed conjunctive use strategies will maintain, as much as possible, the existing stressed potentiometric surface. They will also assure at least 6 meters of saturated thickness in all locations …

Pesticide Movement And Water Management, Majid Ehteshami, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Agricultural chemicals are essential components of agricultural production systems in the United states. Pesticides control weeds, insects, and have had an important role in increasing agricultural productivity in the last 50 years, despite diminishing crop land acreage. The benefits of chemicals use options in agriculture must be balanced against potential contamination of surface water and ground water resources. This study shows the effect of water management practices on pesticide movement and its potential pollution to ground water. It indicates that careful use of pesticides, water management practices and irrigation system design alternatives could cause a major reduction in ground water …

Water Resources Development Alternatives For The Mississippi Alluvial Plain In Eastern Arkansas, Gary L. Mahon, John E. Terry, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Effective management of the water resources of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain in eastern Arkansas involves understanding the nature of existing problems, estimating total water demands, predicting how much of the total demand can be provided by the underlying aquifer and available surface-water sources, and deducing how much water must come from alternate sources. Various Federal and State agencies have cooperatively provided hydrologic information for the area to evaluate water-resources development alternatives ensuring that (1) the use of water from the aquifer be maximized while maintaining a minimum of 20 feet of saturated thickness, (2) the use of surface water be …

Expandable Membrane Ground Anchors In Talus, United States Department Of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration

Dams

Expander Body (EB) tieback anchors were installed in talus material in Glenwood Canyon and evaluated as to their ease of installation and performance. The EB consists of a steel tube with thin, folded walls which is expanded in the soil by injection of cement grout. The EB system can be expanded in coarse, angular materials at high pressure without rupturing. It, therefore, can be successfully used to limit grout take in permeable materials.

Based on the results of this study, the EB system was approved as a permanent anchoring method in construction of I 70 through Glenwood Canyon.

Application Of Bmp For Prevention Of Ground-Water Contamination, Majid Ehteshami, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The use of pesticides is an integral part of today's agriculture. In many cases, pesticides safeguard crops from severe pest infestation, or increase yield by suppressing competing weed growth. Pesticides often make the difference between profits and losses in farming operations. However, pesticides, even in extremely low concentrations, can pose a risk to human health and to the environment. Applied to plant or soil surfaces, or injected into the soil, pesticides may leach to the ground water or may be washed off with surface water. Pesticide contaminated surface water can reach ground water, or contaminated ground water can reach the …

Bioremediation Of Contaminated Surface Soils, J. L. Sims, R. C. Sims, J. E. Matthews

Reports

Biological remediation of soils contaminated with organic chemicals is an alternative treatment technology that can often meet the goal of achieving a permanent clean-up remedy at hazardous waste sites, as encouraged by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) for implementation of The Superfund Amendments and Authorization Act (SARA) of 1986. Bioremediation is consistent with the philosophical thrust of SARA, for it involves the use of naturally occurring microorganisms to degrade and/or detoxify hazardous constituents in the soil at a contaminated slip to protect public health and the environment.Bioremediation of contaminated soils, including applications and limitations, has been addressed.

On-Farm Reservoir Construction In The Grand Prairie Region Of Arkansas: An Engineering Economic Analysis, Jayson K. Harper, Richard C. Peralta, Robert N. Shulstad

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Density-Dependent Convective Flow In Closed Basins, Kim L. Mccleary

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Great Basin is a region of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province, which is completely isolated hydrologically from the sea. All precipitation that falls within the Great Basin is lost from the land surface or from the surface of closed inland lakes through evapotranspiration. Playas are often found at the base of these undrained basins. This study focuses on subsurface groundwater flow patterns in closed basins. Because all discharge from the basins occurs via evapotranspiration on and near the playa, the water table of the aquifer beneath the playa is often just below the ground surface. Fluctuations of the …

Agricultural Pesticide Hazard To Groundwater In Utah, Hubert Eisele, Majid Ehteshami, Richard C. Peralta, Howard M. Deer, Terry T. Tindall

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We gratefully acknowledge the funding support of the Utah Department of Agriculture and the following offices at Utah State University. The Department of Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering, the International Irrigation Center, the Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, the Department of Soil Science and Biometerology, and the University Extension Services.

Computational Aspects Of Chance-Constrained Sustained Groundwater Yield Management, R. R.A. Cantiller, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

A methodology for including chance-constraints in models for maximizing regional sustained-yield groundwater extraction is presented. The procedure utilizes the spatially distributed mean and variance of saturated thickness in a confined aquifer. This data is derivable from kriging, a geostatistical technique. The technique is applied to a scenario of somewhat egalitarian agricultural development dependent on groundwater. Decision makers in this situation know that groundwater availability is insufficient to supply all potential demand. They plan to implement a sustained yield groundwater extraction strategy. They know that because of uncertain knowledge of aquifer parameters, at some point in the future, available groundwater in …

Toxicity And Environmental Health Hazards Of Petroleum Products In Wells Used For Drinking Water In The Intermountain West, Robert D.R. Parker, Raghubir P. Sharma, R. Ryan Dupont, Gin-Chang Hsieh

Reports

Introduction: Groundwater is aprimary source of drinking water for about 50 percent of the population in the U.S. This source of drinking water has been generally regarded as safe from contamination. Several papers indicate that numerous underground storage tanks containing petroleum products may be leaking and contaminating public water supply wells across the U.S. (Matis, 1971; Ferguson, 1979; Woodhull, 1981; Burmaster and Harris, 1982; Lehman, 1984; Dowd, 1984; OTA, 1984). A study conducted by the Utah Cureau of Solid and Hazardous Wastes in 1985 concluded that there are at least 2,314 underground steel tanks, most of which are used to …

Soil Phase Photodegradation Of Toxic Organics At Contaminated Disposal Sites For Soil Renovation And Groundwater Quality Protection, W. M. Moore, R. Ryan Dupont, J. E. Mclean

Reports

Accurate assessment of the potential for contaminated soil remediation requires detailed knowledge of the fate of waste constituents within the soil environment. For many non-biodegradable organics compounds, photochemical degradation may provide a potential pathway for the removal of such compounds from soil surfaces. A study was conducted to evaluate the rate of photodegradation of ten hazardous organic compounds from three soils, silica gel, and four soil minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, and calcite) under conditions of controlled irradiation. In addition, the effect of siz amendment treatments (methylene blue, riboflavin, hydrogen peroxide, diethylamine, peat moss, and silica gel) on the rates of …

Evaluation Of Algrow As A Binder In Hydromulch And Preliminary Determination Of The Influence Of Algrow On Germination And Seedling Growth, C. Earl Israelsen, Gilberto Urroz, Ronald V. Canfield

Reports

Introduction: The application of mulch during or immediately following seeding provides the minimum following advantages: energy dissipation of falling raindrops which decreases or eliminates erosion, prevention of surface-soil crusting, decreased water loss, and surface temperature modification. To better hold mulch in place, chemical binders are addd to it during munufacture or just before it is applied to the soil. Sometimes a binder is applied as an oversptray after the mulch is in place. (This overspray is generally referred to as a tackifier.) Algea Produkter A/S, Drammen, Norway, produces a product called ALGROW which may habe utility as a mulch binder …

Friction Factor Tests On 375 Mm High Density Polyethylene Pipe, Steven L. Barfuss, J. Paul Tullis

Reports

No abstract provided.

Bear River Water Quality: Bioavailable Phosphorus Measurement, Sources, And Control, Kenneth W. Barker, Darwin L. Sorensen, Jay C. Andersen, Jean M. Ihnat

Reports

No abstract provided.