Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Monte Carlo Calculation Of Effective Diffusivities In Two- And Three-Dimensional Heterogeneous Materials Of Variable Structure, Mark R. Riley, Fernando J. Muzzio, Helen M. Buettner, Sebastian C. Reyes

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

A Monte Carlo technique that simulates tracer diffusion in multiphase materials of arbitrary complexity has been developed. Effective diffusivities are calculated for structures consisting of either overlapping or nonoverlapping inclusions with diffusivity D_c, distributed in a continuous phase with diffusivity D₀>D_c. Two-dimensional simulations for various values of D₀/D_c generate normalized diffusivities that correspond closely to their three-dimensional counterparts; they nearly collapse to a common curve when a simple scaling relation is applied.

Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook, Appendix: Literature Review Database, Volume Ii Of Ii, United States Environmental Protection Agency

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

This Appendix is intended to accompany the Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook (hereafter referred to as the Handbook) and should be used only by individuals familiar with the Handbook. The species-specific values for the exposure factors presented in Chapter 2 of the Handbook of are a subset of the data included in the tables of this Appendix. Most values identified in the literature reviewed for the Handbook are included in this Appendix. For some exposure factors for some species, large quantities of data are available. For these factors and species, we tried to select data that represented a range of values …

Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook, Volume I Of Ii, United States Environmental Protection Agency

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The Exposure Assessment Group of the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA) has prepared the Wildlife Exposure Handbook in support of the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and the Office of Water. The Handbook provides information on various factors used to assess exposure to wildlife. The goals of the project are (1) to promote the application of risk assessment methods to wildlife species, (2) to foster a consistent approach to wildlife exposure and risk assessments, and (3) to increase the accessibility of the literature applicable to these assessments.
The bulk of the document summarizes literature values for …

Final Environmental Assessment For Endangered Species Habitat Improvement/Creation Along The Missouri River Main Stem System

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

An environmental assessment has been prepared for several methods of habitat enhancement and creation along the Missouri River Main stem System. Most of the actions described were suggested in the November 1990, U.S. Fish and wildlife Service Biological Opinion on the operation of the Missouri River Main Stem System and will provide safer nesting habitat for interior least terns and piping plovers.

Adverse impacts of these actions are all temporary and localized, consisting of temporary, localized smoke, and possible ash suspension in nearby waters due to burning of vegetation and presence of temporary noise disturbance during helicopter application of herbicide …

Biological Discussion Missouri National Recreational River Rehabilitation Gavins Point Dam To Ponca State Park, Nebraska & South Dakota

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The corps of Engineers has received funding for the rehabilitation of the section 32 erosion control projects along the Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR). The project rehabilitation work is as outlined on the attached construction schedule.

Since the Fish & WIldlife's biological opinion on the section 32 program dated March 10, 1980, additional species that may occur in the program area have been listed, including the interior least tern, piping plover, the American burying beetle, and the pallid sturgeon.

The American burying beetle is listed as a federally endangered species in South Dakota. Extant populations are known to occur only …

Dynamic Plug Flow Reactor Network Model For Contaminant Transport In Water Distribution Systems, James Uber, Ken Hickey, Mao Fang, Lew Rossman

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

We present a network water quality model that idealizes the distribution system as a network of ideal flow reactors, namely plug flow reactors. The plug flow reactors are linked together through an assumption of complete mixing at the network nodes. The resulting system of coupled 2-D (space - time) partial differential equations are discretized spatially using a finite difference scheme, and solved by numerical integration. The model will be evaluated with regard to its prediction capabilities, relative to previous modeling efforts.

Faa Storm Water Program, W. H. Espey Jr., Raymond Rose, George I. Legarreta

United States Department of Transportation: Publications

United states Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated regulations in November 16, 1991 pursuant to the Clean Water Act in the issuance of National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit application regulations for storm water discharge. These regulations concern certain municipal and industrial activities. Air transportation facilities are included in the industrial activity category. The EPA storm water regulations specifically target airport deicing operations as an industrial activity. These regulations may increase Airport Improvement Program (AlP) trust fund expenditures for storm water control improvements. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), therefore, initiated a storm water program to assist airport operators in complying …

Scour Evaluations Of Existing Bridges, Michael J. Fraher

United States Department of Transportation: Publications

The collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge on April 5, 1987 was a catastrophic instantaneous failure caused by scour of the bridge foundation. This particular collapse received wide media attention due to a home video of part of the collapse, the location on the New York State Thruway and the tragic loss of life. This particular collapse was not the first major interstate highway bridge failure attributed to scour of foundations. It is fair to say, however, that this was the event that finally brought stream stability and bridge scour issues to the attention of highway administrators and bridge engineers …

Magnitude Of The Scour Evaluation Program, Lawrence J. Harrison

United States Department of Transportation: Publications

Tens of millions of dollars have been spent over the years on Federal-aid highway system bridges damaged by floods. Nearly 500,000 of the 577,000 existing bridges within the National Bridge Inventory are over waterways. The screening of these bridges over waterways for scour susceptibility will be completed, for the most part, by October 1992. The Federal Highway Administration has established January 1997 as the completion date for the scour evaluations of all existing bridges identified as scour susceptible. A cost-effective means of determining the specifics of bridges with unknown foundations is not currently available. Pending the development of technology to …

Merging Field & Laboratory Bridge Scour Data, J. Sterling Jones, Peggy A. Johnson, Arthur C. Parola

United States Department of Transportation: Publications

Highway engineers are struggling with a major effort to assess and evaluate our nation's bridges for scour. Advanced technology is urgently needed to make a meaningful impact on this effort. This paper describes a need to focus laboratory and field research studies on a better understanding of the bridge scour processes.

An Evaluation Of Highway Flood Damage Statistics, Jennifer Rhodes, Roy Trent

United States Department of Transportation: Publications

Hydraulic events result in thousands of incidents of property damage each year. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers estimates that annual damage averages over $2 billion (CaE, 1991). Federal, state, and local agencies have set up emergency assistance programs to help pay these unusually heavy expenses. Despite the detail of the policies regulating such programs, a comprehensive database describing the causes and consequences of flood losses does not exist. In an effort to obtain clear and consistent statistics on highway related damage, the disaster files of the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Emergency Relief (ER) Fund and the Federal Emergency …

"Status Of Scour Instrumentation Development", Roy Trent, Ian Friedland

United States Department of Transportation: Publications

Improved understanding of scour and sedimentation processes near and at highway bridges is dependant on collecting reliable field data. Field data collection programs, however, have been hindered by inadequacies in instrumentation and measurement technologies. Through a coordinated program of research, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), State Highway Agencies (SHAs), National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), and other agencies are working on scour instrumentation. Investigations are underway to develop a wide range of equipment types for many purposes and needs, e.g., portable equipment to be used by field crews during floods for scour inspection or measurement of scour processes; fixed equipment …

Risk-Costs For Scour At Unknown Bridge Foundations, G. Kenneth Young, Stuart M. Stein, Roy Trent

United States Department of Transportation: Publications

A risk method sets priorities for bridge foundation information gathering. Scour failure risk is the product of failure cost and the probability of failure. The method is based on data (much of which is subjective) in the National Bridge Inventory, NBI. Risk determines the ranking of bridges for foundation data gathering in support of scour evaluation; high risks could vanish if substantial foundations are discovered.

Biological Assessment Missouri National Recreational River

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

This is in response to your May 21, 1992, letter requesting review and concurrence on a biological assessment prepared to evaluate routine actions of Section 404 and Section 10 of the Clean Water Act along the Missouri National Recreational River. This response has been prepared in coordination with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (Service) Nebraska Fish and Wildlife Enhancement Office.

This revision of your March 6, 1991, assessment addressed many of the concerns and recommendations that we brought to your attention in our April 2, 1991, letter to Mr. Kenneth Cooper and subsequent meeting on May 6, 1991. However, …

Final Environmental Assessment For Endangered Species Habitat Enhancement/Creation Along Tile Missouri River Main Stem System

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) and the piping plover (Charadrius melodus) are federally endangered and threatened species, respectively, which nest on sandbars in the Missouri River. This nesting habitat has been decreasing in past years, at least in part due to vegetative encroachment. Vegetation is no longer regularly scoured from sandbars by heavy spring flows and/or ice, primarily because flows are regulated by the main stem dams. New sandbar creation is uncommon because the river carries less sediment and is no longer meandering along much of its course. Bank erosion still continues to supply sediment …

Investigation Of Channel Degradation 1991 Update Missouri River Gavins Point Dam To Platte River Confluence

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

1. PURPOSE. This report is the fifth in a series of updates to Volume IV, supporting Technical Report, Missouri River Degradation. Volume IV is a part of the August 1981 Review Report of the water and Related Land Resources Management study for Metropolitan Sioux city and Missouri River Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota. This report, along with future updates, will provide the information necessary for proper management of the Missouri River in reference to degradation.

2. SCOPE. This report incorporates water surface profile and hydrographic survey data from the 1989 and 1990 water years for the purpose of updating the …

Bioconcentrations Of Heavy Metals Copper, Chromium (Tot), Lead, Zinc, Nickel And Mercury In The Missouri River 1991

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The presence of heavy metals within aquatic environments can be attributed to sources such as industry, municipal discharges, agriculture and natural processes which release various amounts into natural systems. Metals such as copper, zinc and chromium are listed as essential micronutrients for many plant and animal species. Of potential concern, however, is the tendency of heavy metals to accumulate within the food webs of ecosystems. Classified as biologically hard to degrade, heavy metals may concentrate to significant amounts within the trophic levels of a particular ecosystem. At these increased concentrations many of these heavy metals become toxic to living organisms. …

Biological Assessment Missouri National Recreational River

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

A 59 mile stretch of the Missouri River between Gavins Point Dam and Ponca State Park was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System by a 1978 amendment (Section 707 of the National Parks and Recreation Act) to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968. Components of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System are classified as wild, scenic, or recreational, based upon the amount of development existing in the river corridor at the time of designation. The 59 mile reach of the Missouri River from Gavins Point Darn to Ponca State Park was classified as recreational …

Ordination And Mapping Of Wetland Communities In Nebraska's Rainwater Basin Region, Michael C. Gilbert

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Forty-seven Rainwater Basin wetlands of south-central Nebraska were evaluated to provide information on vegetation composition, species assemblages determined from direct and indirect ordination methodology, and community characteristics derived from wetlands mapping. Vegetation/soil relationships were evaluated from both vegetational stand and mapping data. Seasonal and year to year vegetation dynamics were evaluated for one study site, Harvard Marsh.

Ordination of vegetational data was accomplished by use of weighted averaging and detrended correspondence analysis. Weighted average ordination results indicated wetland status for the Fillmore, Scott and Massie soil series. Occurrence of upland vegetation on hydric soils and wetland vegetation on non-hydric soils …

Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota, To Ponca State Park, Nebraska

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The purpose of this supplement is to amend the design memorandum referenced above to include the recreational development at Riverside Park in Yankton, South Dakota.

Bioconcentration Of Heavy Metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, And Zn) In The Missouri River Near Sioux City, Iowa, Robert Conklin, Suzie Galles, Edward Shane, Rod Tondreau

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The concentrations of the heavy metals- copper, chromium, lead, zinc- in the biota of the Missouri River were measured at a control site upstream of Sioux City and at a site downstream of the city. Bioconcentration factors for each of the metals were calculated for fish, periphyton, and invertebrates, and the concentrations of metals in the river sediments were measured.

Concentrations of the same metals were measured in the sediment, water, periphyton, invertebrates, zooplankton, and fish of Snyder's Bend Lake. Bioconcentration factors were calculated for each of the biological communities and were found to be very similar to those found …

Missouri National Recreational River Gavins Point Dam To Ponca, Nebraska Streambank Erosion Rate Study For The Period 21 April, 1978 To 10 August, 1985

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

This report is to document the procedures used and the results obtained fram the bank erosion study for the Missouri National Recreational River Gavins Point Dam to Ponca, Nebraska. The period studied extends fram 21 April, 1978 to 10 August, 1985 or a period of 7.31 years. The study was made for the Omaha District of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers by River Pro's under Contract No. DACW45-85-D-0084.

Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota, To Ponca State Park, Nebraska

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The purpose of this document is to supplement the General Design Memorandum MRR-1 for development of a public recreation facility and access to the Missouri National Recreational River at Myron Grove Game Production Area.  The tract identified in the GDM has not been acquired.  The project consists of an access road, parking, turnaround, boat ramp, boat dock, night light and vault toilet facilities at a total cost of $59,233.

Location Of Habitat Important To Federally Listed Bird Species On The Missouri National Recreational River, Kent Kennlyne, Jim Ruwaldt, Frank Howe, Steve Riley, David Gilbraith

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Literature reviews, field observations, and personal contacts were used to identify areas important to inter lor least terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos), piping plovers (Charadrius melodus), and bald eagles (Aaliaeetus leucocephalus) on the 58-mlle-long Mlssouri National Recreational Rlver. Areas were prioritized according to suitability of habitat and recorded use by these species. Thirty-nlne miles were classified as Priority I least tern and piping plover nesting habitat; three miles were classified as Priority II and 16 miles as Priority III habitat. Bald eagle habitat was considered separately on both sides of the river (116 miles total), …

Least Tern Anp Piping Plover Biological Assessment Missouri River Bank Stabilization O&M

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The Omaha District Corps of Engineers proposes to undertake maintenance of bank stabilization structures and streambank erosion control structures along the Missouri River.  One project would involve about 50 repairs of revetments, hardpoints, and refusals along the Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR) reach, Gavins Point Dam to Ponca, Nebraska (river mile 810-750).  The second project would involve about 250 repairs of dikes and revetments along the navigation channel from Florence Bend through Rulo Bend (river miles 627-498).

The interior least tern is being Federally listed as an endangered species.  The tern has a history of use of the Missouri River, …

Sol Probe And Method Of Obtaining Moisture,Temperature And Root Distribution Of A Soil Profile, Marvin Twersky, William E. Splinter, Bruce C. Sandhorst

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

To provide a profile of simultaneous moisture, temperature and root density characteristics at different depths of soil, a soil probe is inserted in the soil with a viewing and camera section extending above the soil. Similarly, the probe provides a profile of simultaneous moisture, temperature and presence of molds, insects or other foreign matter in grain or similar media including liquid as well as solid granulated material. The portion of the probe that is in the soil or other media includes a source of light or light conveyance and windows which transmit an image of the soil at various depths …

Future Use And Development Of A Fifty Eight Mile Reach Of The Middle Missouri River -A Citizen Perspective-, Webster H. Sill Jr.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

This is a maj or portion of the Final Report of Proposal/Grant 033-8016378, National Science Foundation. The author is a Public Service Science Resident working under the Science for Citizens Program, in the Division of Intergovernmental and Public Service Science and Technology of NSF. The host or sponsoring organization in which the Resident is housed is the Siouxland Interstate Metropolitall Planning Council (SIMPCO) in Sioux City, Iowa.

The Title of the Grant is "Development of Environmentally Acceptable Land Use Options in a Recreation River Stretch of the Middle Missouri River."

After the various options were collected and considered via library …

Unionid Mollusks Of The Missouri River On The Nebraska Border, Ellet Hoke

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The Missouri River, bordering Nebraska, has previously been reported to be uninhabitable for unionid mollusks. Studies conducted in the Missouri River and its backwaters, primarily during 1981 and 1982. revealed the presence of thirteen species and subspecies of unionid mollusks. The apparent absence of any extensive prior unionid work in the Missouri River may explain the discrepancy between this and previous literature.

Vegetative Delineation Of Coastal Salt Marsh Boundaries, H. Peter Eilers, Alan Taylor, William Sanville

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Two decades of intensive research following the suggestions of Odum (1961) and the work of Teal (1962) have firmly established positive values for undisturbed coastal salt marshes. These intertidal wetlands are noted for high macrophyte production and for export of energy-rich organic detritus and dissolved organic carbon to estuarine waters. They serve as juvenile fish and wildlife habitats, water purifiers, and buffers to erosion of sediment.

Aquatic Habitat Inventory Of The Missouri River From Gavins Point Dam To Ponca State Park, Nebraska, James C. Schmulbach, Jeffrey J. Schuckman, Eric A. Nelson

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

One of the few reaches of the Missouri River which remains in a relatively natural free-flowing state is a 93 km segment extending from Gavins Point Dam to Ponca State Park, NB. This reach of the river was designated as a National Recreational River (P.L.95-625, Sect. 707, 1978) because the natural and cultural values of this section were considered worthy of preservation. Early in 1979, the Secretary of the Interior designated the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (HCRS) as the agency responsible for developing a management plan for the Missouri Recreation River. The HCRS teamed with the U.S. Army Corps …